Whisker encoding of mechanical events during active tactile exploration
Identifieur interne : 002071 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 002070; suivant : 002072Whisker encoding of mechanical events during active tactile exploration
Auteurs : Yves Boubenec [France] ; Daniel E. Shulz [France] ; Georges Debrégeas [France]Source :
- Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience [ 1662-5153 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Rats use their whiskers to extract a wealth of information about their immediate environment, such as the shape, position or texture of an object. The information is conveyed to mechanoreceptors located within the whisker follicle in the form of a sequence of whisker deflections induced by the whisker/object contact interaction. How the whiskers filter and shape the mechanical information and effectively participate in the coding of tactile features remains an open question to date. In the present article, a biomechanical model was developed that provides predictions of the whisker dynamics during active tactile exploration, amenable to quantitative experimental comparison. This model is based on a decomposition of the whisker profile into a slow, quasi-static sequence and rapid resonant small-scale vibrations. It was applied to the typical situation of a rat actively whisking across a solid object. Having derived the quasi-static sequence of whisker deformation, the resonant properties of the whisker were analyzed, taking into account the boundary conditions imposed by the whisker/surface contact. We then focused on two elementary mechanical events that are expected to trigger significant neural responses, namely (1) the whisker/object first contact and (2) the whisker detachment from the object. Both events were found to trigger a deflection wave propagating upward to the mystacial pad at constant velocity of ≈3–5 m/s. This yielded a characteristic mechanical signature at the whisker base, in the form of a large peak of negative curvature occurring ≈4 ms after the event has been triggered. The dependence in amplitude and lag of this mechanical signal with the main contextual parameters (such as radial or angular distance) was investigated. The model was validated experimentally by comparing its predictions to high-speed video recordings of shock-induced whisker deflections performed on anesthetized rats. The consequences of these results on possible tactile encoding schemes are briefly discussed.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00074
PubMed: 23133410
PubMed Central: 3490139
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 001C93
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 001C93
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 001472
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 002324
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 002324
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 002324
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3490139Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Whisker encoding of mechanical events during active tactile exploration</title>
<author><name sortKey="Boubenec, Yves" sort="Boubenec, Yves" uniqKey="Boubenec Y" first="Yves" last="Boubenec">Yves Boubenec</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Unité de Neurosciences Information et Complexité, UPR 3293, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</institution>
<country>Gif-sur-Yvette, France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shulz, Daniel E" sort="Shulz, Daniel E" uniqKey="Shulz D" first="Daniel E." last="Shulz">Daniel E. Shulz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Unité de Neurosciences Information et Complexité, UPR 3293, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</institution>
<country>Gif-sur-Yvette, France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Debregeas, Georges" sort="Debregeas, Georges" uniqKey="Debregeas G" first="Georges" last="Debrégeas">Georges Debrégeas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>FRE3231 Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPMC Université Paris 6</institution>
<country>Paris, France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">23133410</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3490139</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3490139</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3490139</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00074</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001C93</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001C93</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001472</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002324</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002324</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002324</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002071</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Whisker encoding of mechanical events during active tactile exploration</title>
<author><name sortKey="Boubenec, Yves" sort="Boubenec, Yves" uniqKey="Boubenec Y" first="Yves" last="Boubenec">Yves Boubenec</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Unité de Neurosciences Information et Complexité, UPR 3293, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</institution>
<country>Gif-sur-Yvette, France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shulz, Daniel E" sort="Shulz, Daniel E" uniqKey="Shulz D" first="Daniel E." last="Shulz">Daniel E. Shulz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Unité de Neurosciences Information et Complexité, UPR 3293, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</institution>
<country>Gif-sur-Yvette, France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Debregeas, Georges" sort="Debregeas, Georges" uniqKey="Debregeas G" first="Georges" last="Debrégeas">Georges Debrégeas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>FRE3231 Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPMC Université Paris 6</institution>
<country>Paris, France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1662-5153</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Rats use their whiskers to extract a wealth of information about their immediate environment, such as the shape, position or texture of an object. The information is conveyed to mechanoreceptors located within the whisker follicle in the form of a sequence of whisker deflections induced by the whisker/object contact interaction. How the whiskers filter and shape the mechanical information and effectively participate in the coding of tactile features remains an open question to date. In the present article, a biomechanical model was developed that provides predictions of the whisker dynamics during active tactile exploration, amenable to quantitative experimental comparison. This model is based on a decomposition of the whisker profile into a slow, quasi-static sequence and rapid resonant small-scale vibrations. It was applied to the typical situation of a rat actively whisking across a solid object. Having derived the quasi-static sequence of whisker deformation, the resonant properties of the whisker were analyzed, taking into account the boundary conditions imposed by the whisker/surface contact. We then focused on two elementary mechanical events that are expected to trigger significant neural responses, namely (1) the whisker/object first contact and (2) the whisker detachment from the object. Both events were found to trigger a deflection wave propagating upward to the mystacial pad at constant velocity of ≈3–5 m/s. This yielded a characteristic mechanical signature at the whisker base, in the form of a large peak of negative curvature occurring ≈4 ms after the event has been triggered. The dependence in amplitude and lag of this mechanical signal with the main contextual parameters (such as radial or angular distance) was investigated. The model was validated experimentally by comparing its predictions to high-speed video recordings of shock-induced whisker deflections performed on anesthetized rats. The consequences of these results on possible tactile encoding schemes are briefly discussed.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Anjum, F" uniqKey="Anjum F">F. Anjum</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turni, H" uniqKey="Turni H">H. Turni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mulder, P G H" uniqKey="Mulder P">P. G. H. Mulder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Burg, J" uniqKey="Van Der Burg J">J. van der Burg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brecht, M" uniqKey="Brecht M">M. Brecht</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arabzadeh, E" uniqKey="Arabzadeh E">E. Arabzadeh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Panzeri, S" uniqKey="Panzeri S">S. Panzeri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diamond, M E" uniqKey="Diamond M">M. E. Diamond</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arabzadeh, E" uniqKey="Arabzadeh E">E. Arabzadeh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zorzin, E" uniqKey="Zorzin E">E. Zorzin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diamond, M E" uniqKey="Diamond M">M. E. Diamond</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Audoly, B" uniqKey="Audoly B">B. Audoly</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neukirch, S" uniqKey="Neukirch S">S. Neukirch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berg, R W" uniqKey="Berg R">R. W. Berg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kleinfeld, D" uniqKey="Kleinfeld D">D. Kleinfeld</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Birdwell, J A" uniqKey="Birdwell J">J. A. Birdwell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Solomon, J H" uniqKey="Solomon J">J. H. Solomon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thajchayapong, M" uniqKey="Thajchayapong M">M. Thajchayapong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, M A" uniqKey="Taylor M">M. A. Taylor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheely, M" uniqKey="Cheely M">M. Cheely</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Towal, R B" uniqKey="Towal R">R. B. Towal</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brecht, M" uniqKey="Brecht M">M. Brecht</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Merzenich, M M" uniqKey="Merzenich M">M. M. Merzenich</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carl, K" uniqKey="Carl K">K. Carl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hild, W" uniqKey="Hild W">W. Hild</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mampel, J" uniqKey="Mampel J">J. Mampel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schilling, C" uniqKey="Schilling C">C. Schilling</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Witte, H" uniqKey="Witte H">H. Witte</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carvell, G E" uniqKey="Carvell G">G. E. Carvell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simons, D J" uniqKey="Simons D">D. J. Simons</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Clements, T N" uniqKey="Clements T">T. N. Clements</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahn, C D" uniqKey="Rahn C">C. D. Rahn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ebara, S" uniqKey="Ebara S">S. Ebara</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumamoto, K" uniqKey="Kumamoto K">K. Kumamoto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matsuura, T" uniqKey="Matsuura T">T. Matsuura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mazurkiewicz, J E" uniqKey="Mazurkiewicz J">J. E. Mazurkiewicz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rice, F L" uniqKey="Rice F">F. L. Rice</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hartmann, M J" uniqKey="Hartmann M">M. J. Hartmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, N J" uniqKey="Johnson N">N. J. Johnson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Towal, R B" uniqKey="Towal R">R. B. Towal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Assad, C" uniqKey="Assad C">C. Assad</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hipp, J" uniqKey="Hipp J">J. Hipp</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arabzadeh, E" uniqKey="Arabzadeh E">E. Arabzadeh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zorzin, E" uniqKey="Zorzin E">E. Zorzin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Conradt, J" uniqKey="Conradt J">J. Conradt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kayser, C" uniqKey="Kayser C">C. Kayser</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diamond, M E" uniqKey="Diamond M">M. E. Diamond</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huber, D" uniqKey="Huber D">D. Huber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gutnisky, D A" uniqKey="Gutnisky D">D. A. Gutnisky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peron, S" uniqKey="Peron S">S. Peron</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Connor, D H" uniqKey="O Connor D">D. H. O'Connor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wiegert, J S" uniqKey="Wiegert J">J. S. Wiegert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tian, L" uniqKey="Tian L">L. Tian</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jadhav, S P" uniqKey="Jadhav S">S. P. Jadhav</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feldman, D E" uniqKey="Feldman D">D. E. Feldman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jadhav, S P" uniqKey="Jadhav S">S. P. Jadhav</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolfe, J" uniqKey="Wolfe J">J. Wolfe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feldman, D E" uniqKey="Feldman D">D. E. Feldman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jenks, R A" uniqKey="Jenks R">R. A. Jenks</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vaziri, A" uniqKey="Vaziri A">A. Vaziri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boloori, A R" uniqKey="Boloori A">A.-R. Boloori</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stanley, G B" uniqKey="Stanley G">G. B. Stanley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johansson, R S" uniqKey="Johansson R">R. S. Johansson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flanagan, J R" uniqKey="Flanagan J">J. R. Flanagan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kaneko, M" uniqKey="Kaneko M">M. Kaneko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kanayama, N" uniqKey="Kanayama N">N. Kanayama</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tsuji, T" uniqKey="Tsuji T">T. Tsuji</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, D" uniqKey="Kim D">D. Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moller, R" uniqKey="Moller R">R. Möller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Knutsen, P M" uniqKey="Knutsen P">P. M. Knutsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahissar, E" uniqKey="Ahissar E">E. Ahissar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Knutsen, P M" uniqKey="Knutsen P">P. M. Knutsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pietr, M" uniqKey="Pietr M">M. Pietr</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahissar, E" uniqKey="Ahissar E">E. Ahissar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krupa, D J" uniqKey="Krupa D">D. J. Krupa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicolelis, M A L" uniqKey="Nicolelis M">M. A. L. Nicolelis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lichtenstein, S H" uniqKey="Lichtenstein S">S. H. Lichtenstein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carvell, G E" uniqKey="Carvell G">G. E. Carvell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simons, D J" uniqKey="Simons D">D. J. Simons</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lottem, E" uniqKey="Lottem E">E. Lottem</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Azouz, R" uniqKey="Azouz R">R. Azouz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Milani, H" uniqKey="Milani H">H. Milani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steiner, H" uniqKey="Steiner H">H. Steiner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huston, J P" uniqKey="Huston J">J. P. Huston</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mitchinson, B" uniqKey="Mitchinson B">B. Mitchinson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, C J" uniqKey="Martin C">C. J. Martin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grant, R A" uniqKey="Grant R">R. A. Grant</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prescott, T J" uniqKey="Prescott T">T. J. Prescott</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morita, T" uniqKey="Morita T">T. Morita</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kang, H" uniqKey="Kang H">H. Kang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolfe, J" uniqKey="Wolfe J">J. Wolfe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jadhav, S P" uniqKey="Jadhav S">S. P. Jadhav</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feldman, D E" uniqKey="Feldman D">D. E. Feldman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Neimark, M" uniqKey="Neimark M">M. Neimark</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andermann, M" uniqKey="Andermann M">M. Andermann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hopfield, J" uniqKey="Hopfield J">J. Hopfield</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, C" uniqKey="Moore C">C. Moore</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Connor, D H" uniqKey="O Connor D">D. H. O'Connor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clack, N G" uniqKey="Clack N">N. G. Clack</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huber, D" uniqKey="Huber D">D. Huber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Komiyama, T" uniqKey="Komiyama T">T. Komiyama</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Myers, E W" uniqKey="Myers E">E. W. Myers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Svoboda, K" uniqKey="Svoboda K">K. Svoboda</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Connor, D H" uniqKey="O Connor D">D. H. O'Connor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peron, S P" uniqKey="Peron S">S. P. Peron</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huber, D" uniqKey="Huber D">D. Huber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Svoboda, K" uniqKey="Svoboda K">K. Svoboda</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Persson, B" uniqKey="Persson B">B. Persson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Polley, D B" uniqKey="Polley D">D. B. Polley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rickert, J L" uniqKey="Rickert J">J. L. Rickert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frostig, R D" uniqKey="Frostig R">R. D. Frostig</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Quist, B W" uniqKey="Quist B">B. W. Quist</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faruqi, R A" uniqKey="Faruqi R">R. A. Faruqi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hartmann, M J Z" uniqKey="Hartmann M">M. J. Z. Hartmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Quist, B W" uniqKey="Quist B">B. W. Quist</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hartmann, M J Z" uniqKey="Hartmann M">M. J. Z. Hartmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ritt, J" uniqKey="Ritt J">J. Ritt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andermann, M" uniqKey="Andermann M">M. Andermann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, C I" uniqKey="Moore C">C. I. Moore</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scholz, G R" uniqKey="Scholz G">G. R. Scholz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahn, C D" uniqKey="Rahn C">C. D. Rahn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schroeder, C L" uniqKey="Schroeder C">C. L. Schroeder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hartmann, M J" uniqKey="Hartmann M">M. J. Hartmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Solomon, J H" uniqKey="Solomon J">J. H. Solomon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hartmann, M J Z" uniqKey="Hartmann M">M. J. Z. Hartmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Solomon, J H" uniqKey="Solomon J">J. H. Solomon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hartmann, M J Z" uniqKey="Hartmann M">M. J. Z. Hartmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Szwed, M" uniqKey="Szwed M">M. Szwed</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bagdasarian, K" uniqKey="Bagdasarian K">K. Bagdasarian</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahissar, E" uniqKey="Ahissar E">E. Ahissar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Szwed, M" uniqKey="Szwed M">M. Szwed</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bagdasarian, K" uniqKey="Bagdasarian K">K. Bagdasarian</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blumenfeld, B" uniqKey="Blumenfeld B">B. Blumenfeld</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barak, O" uniqKey="Barak O">O. Barak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Derdikman, D" uniqKey="Derdikman D">D. Derdikman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahissar, E" uniqKey="Ahissar E">E. Ahissar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Towal, R B" uniqKey="Towal R">R. B. Towal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hartmann, M J" uniqKey="Hartmann M">M. J. Hartmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Voges, D" uniqKey="Voges D">D. Voges</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carl, K" uniqKey="Carl K">K. Carl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klauer, G" uniqKey="Klauer G">G. Klauer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uhlig, R" uniqKey="Uhlig R">R. Uhlig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schilling, C" uniqKey="Schilling C">C. Schilling</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Behn, C" uniqKey="Behn C">C. Behn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weaver, W" uniqKey="Weaver W">W. Weaver</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Timoshenko, S" uniqKey="Timoshenko S">S. Timoshenko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Young, D H" uniqKey="Young D">D. H. Young</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Welker, W" uniqKey="Welker W">W. Welker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Williams, C M" uniqKey="Williams C">C. M. Williams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kramer, E M" uniqKey="Kramer E">E. M. Kramer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wolfe, J" uniqKey="Wolfe J">J. Wolfe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hill, D N" uniqKey="Hill D">D. N. Hill</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pahlavan, S" uniqKey="Pahlavan S">S. Pahlavan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drew, P J" uniqKey="Drew P">P. J. Drew</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kleinfeld, D" uniqKey="Kleinfeld D">D. Kleinfeld</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feldman, D E" uniqKey="Feldman D">D. E. Feldman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Ticri/CIDE/explor/HapticV1/Data/Main/Merge
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002071 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Merge/biblio.hfd -nk 002071 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Ticri/CIDE |area= HapticV1 |flux= Main |étape= Merge |type= RBID |clé= PMC:3490139 |texte= Whisker encoding of mechanical events during active tactile exploration }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Merge/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:23133410" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Merge/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a HapticV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.23. | ![]() |