Virtual Hand Illusion Induced by Visuomotor Correlations
Identifieur interne : 003467 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003466; suivant : 003468Virtual Hand Illusion Induced by Visuomotor Correlations
Auteurs : Maria V. Sanchez-Vives [Espagne] ; Bernhard Spanlang [Espagne] ; Antonio Frisoli [Italie] ; Massimo Bergamasco [Italie] ; Mel Slater [Espagne, Royaume-Uni]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2010.
Abstract
Our body schema gives the subjective impression of being highly stable. However, a number of easily-evoked illusions illustrate its remarkable malleability. In the rubber-hand illusion, illusory ownership of a rubber-hand is evoked by synchronous visual and tactile stimulation on a visible rubber arm and on the hidden real arm. Ownership is concurrent with a proprioceptive illusion of displacement of the arm position towards the fake arm. We have previously shown that this illusion of ownership plus the proprioceptive displacement also occurs towards a virtual 3D projection of an arm when the appropriate synchronous visuotactile stimulation is provided. Our objective here was to explore whether these illusions (ownership and proprioceptive displacement) can be induced by only synchronous visuomotor stimulation, in the absence of tactile stimulation.
To achieve this we used a data-glove that uses sensors transmitting the positions of fingers to a virtually projected hand in the synchronous but not in the asynchronous condition. The illusion of ownership was measured by means of questionnaires. Questions related to ownership gave significantly larger values for the synchronous than for the asynchronous condition. Proprioceptive displacement provided an objective measure of the illusion and had a median value of 3.5 cm difference between the synchronous and asynchronous conditions. In addition, the correlation between the feeling of ownership of the virtual arm and the size of the drift was significant.
We conclude that synchrony between visual and proprioceptive information along with motor activity is able to induce an illusion of ownership over a virtual arm. This has implications regarding the brain mechanisms underlying body ownership as well as the use of virtual bodies in therapies and rehabilitation.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010381
PubMed: 20454463
PubMed Central: 2861624
Affiliations:
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Sanchez-Vives</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>IDIBAPS, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spanlang, Bernhard" sort="Spanlang, Bernhard" uniqKey="Spanlang B" first="Bernhard" last="Spanlang">Bernhard Spanlang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frisoli, Antonio" sort="Frisoli, Antonio" uniqKey="Frisoli A" first="Antonio" last="Frisoli">Antonio Frisoli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>PERCRO, CEIICP, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>PERCRO, CEIICP, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pisa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergamasco, Massimo" sort="Bergamasco, Massimo" uniqKey="Bergamasco M" first="Massimo" last="Bergamasco">Massimo Bergamasco</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>PERCRO, CEIICP, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>PERCRO, CEIICP, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pisa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slater, Mel" sort="Slater, Mel" uniqKey="Slater M" first="Mel" last="Slater">Mel Slater</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>University College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Our body schema gives the subjective impression of being highly stable. However, a number of easily-evoked illusions illustrate its remarkable malleability. In the rubber-hand illusion, illusory ownership of a rubber-hand is evoked by synchronous visual and tactile stimulation on a visible rubber arm and on the hidden real arm. Ownership is concurrent with a proprioceptive illusion of displacement of the arm position towards the fake arm. We have previously shown that this illusion of ownership plus the proprioceptive displacement also occurs towards a virtual 3D projection of an arm when the appropriate synchronous visuotactile stimulation is provided. Our objective here was to explore whether these illusions (ownership and proprioceptive displacement) can be induced by only synchronous visuomotor stimulation, in the absence of tactile stimulation.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title><p>To achieve this we used a data-glove that uses sensors transmitting the positions of fingers to a virtually projected hand in the synchronous but not in the asynchronous condition. The illusion of ownership was measured by means of questionnaires. Questions related to ownership gave significantly larger values for the synchronous than for the asynchronous condition. Proprioceptive displacement provided an objective measure of the illusion and had a median value of 3.5 cm difference between the synchronous and asynchronous conditions. In addition, the correlation between the feeling of ownership of the virtual arm and the size of the drift was significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions/Significance</title><p>We conclude that synchrony between visual and proprioceptive information along with motor activity is able to induce an illusion of ownership over a virtual arm. This has implications regarding the brain mechanisms underlying body ownership as well as the use of virtual bodies in therapies and rehabilitation.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jeannerod, M" uniqKey="Jeannerod M">M Jeannerod</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Botvinick, M" uniqKey="Botvinick M">M Botvinick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, J" uniqKey="Cohen J">J Cohen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Slater, M" uniqKey="Slater M">M Slater</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perez Marcos, D" uniqKey="Perez Marcos D">D Perez-Marcos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ehrsson, Hh" uniqKey="Ehrsson H">HH Ehrsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Vives, Mv" uniqKey="Sanchez Vives M">MV Sanchez-Vives</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Armel, Kc" uniqKey="Armel K">KC Armel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramachandran, Vs" uniqKey="Ramachandran V">VS Ramachandran</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Makin, Tr" uniqKey="Makin T">TR Makin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holmes, Np" uniqKey="Holmes N">NP Holmes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ehrsson, Hh" uniqKey="Ehrsson H">HH Ehrsson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, T" uniqKey="Nielsen T">T Nielsen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Slachevsky, A" uniqKey="Slachevsky A">A Slachevsky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pillon, B" uniqKey="Pillon B">B Pillon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fourneret, P" uniqKey="Fourneret P">P Fourneret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pradat Diehl, P" uniqKey="Pradat Diehl P">P Pradat-Diehl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jeannerod, M" 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uniqKey="Ehrsson H">HH Ehrsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holmes, Np" uniqKey="Holmes N">NP Holmes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Passingham, Re" uniqKey="Passingham R">RE Passingham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsakiris, M" uniqKey="Tsakiris M">M Tsakiris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Prabhu, G" uniqKey="Prabhu G">G Prabhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haggard, P" uniqKey="Haggard P">P Haggard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Vives, Mv" uniqKey="Sanchez Vives M">MV Sanchez-Vives</name></author><author><name sortKey="Slater, M" uniqKey="Slater M">M Slater</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Espagne</li><li>Italie</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Catalogne</li><li>Grand 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