State-dependencies of learning across brain scales
Identifieur interne : 000536 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 000535; suivant : 000537State-dependencies of learning across brain scales
Auteurs : Petra Ritter [Allemagne] ; Jan Born [Allemagne] ; Michael Brecht [Allemagne] ; Hubert R. Dinse [Allemagne] ; Uwe Heinemann [Allemagne] ; Burkhard Pleger [Allemagne] ; Dietmar Schmitz [Allemagne] ; Susanne Schreiber [Allemagne] ; Arno Villringer [Allemagne] ; Richard Kempter [Allemagne]Source :
- Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience [ 1662-5188 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Learning is a complex brain function operating on different time scales, from milliseconds to years, which induces enduring changes in brain dynamics. The brain also undergoes continuous “spontaneous” shifts in states, which, amongst others, are characterized by rhythmic activity of various frequencies. Besides the most obvious distinct modes of waking and sleep, wake-associated brain states comprise modulations of vigilance and attention. Recent findings show that certain brain states, particularly during sleep, are essential for learning and memory consolidation. Oscillatory activity plays a crucial role on several spatial scales, for example in plasticity at a synaptic level or in communication across brain areas. However, the underlying mechanisms and computational rules linking brain states and rhythms to learning, though relevant for our understanding of brain function and therapeutic approaches in brain disease, have not yet been elucidated. Here we review known mechanisms of how brain states mediate and modulate learning by their characteristic rhythmic signatures. To understand the critical interplay between brain states, brain rhythms, and learning processes, a wide range of experimental and theoretical work in animal models and human subjects from the single synapse to the large-scale cortical level needs to be integrated. By discussing results from experiments and theoretical approaches, we illuminate new avenues for utilizing neuronal learning mechanisms in developing tools and therapies, e.g., for stroke patients and to devise memory enhancement strategies for the elderly.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2015.00001
PubMed: 25767445
PubMed Central: 4341560
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<author><name sortKey="Brecht, Michael" sort="Brecht, Michael" uniqKey="Brecht M" first="Michael" last="Brecht">Michael Brecht</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Dinse, Hubert R" sort="Dinse, Hubert R" uniqKey="Dinse H" first="Hubert R." last="Dinse">Hubert R. Dinse</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Heinemann, Uwe" sort="Heinemann, Uwe" uniqKey="Heinemann U" first="Uwe" last="Heinemann">Uwe Heinemann</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Schmitz, Dietmar" sort="Schmitz, Dietmar" uniqKey="Schmitz D" first="Dietmar" last="Schmitz">Dietmar Schmitz</name>
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<country>Berlin, Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
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<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
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</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Schreiber, Susanne" sort="Schreiber, Susanne" uniqKey="Schreiber S" first="Susanne" last="Schreiber">Susanne Schreiber</name>
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<country>Berlin, Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
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<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution>Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin</institution>
<country>Berlin, Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Villringer, Arno" sort="Villringer, Arno" uniqKey="Villringer A" first="Arno" last="Villringer">Arno Villringer</name>
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<country>Berlin, Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig</institution>
<country>Leipzig, Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Kempter, Richard" sort="Kempter, Richard" uniqKey="Kempter R" first="Richard" last="Kempter">Richard Kempter</name>
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<country>Berlin, Germany</country>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution>Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin</institution>
<country>Berlin, Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1662-5188</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Learning is a complex brain function operating on different time scales, from milliseconds to years, which induces enduring changes in brain dynamics. The brain also undergoes continuous “spontaneous” shifts in states, which, amongst others, are characterized by rhythmic activity of various frequencies. Besides the most obvious distinct modes of waking and sleep, wake-associated brain states comprise modulations of vigilance and attention. Recent findings show that certain brain states, particularly during sleep, are essential for learning and memory consolidation. Oscillatory activity plays a crucial role on several spatial scales, for example in plasticity at a synaptic level or in communication across brain areas. However, the underlying mechanisms and computational rules linking brain states and rhythms to learning, though relevant for our understanding of brain function and therapeutic approaches in brain disease, have not yet been elucidated. Here we review known mechanisms of how brain states mediate and modulate learning by their characteristic rhythmic signatures. To understand the critical interplay between brain states, brain rhythms, and learning processes, a wide range of experimental and theoretical work in animal models and human subjects from the single synapse to the large-scale cortical level needs to be integrated. By discussing results from experiments and theoretical approaches, we illuminate new avenues for utilizing neuronal learning mechanisms in developing tools and therapies, e.g., for stroke patients and to devise memory enhancement strategies for the elderly.</p>
</div>
</front>
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