Flicker and the stabilised retinal image
Identifieur interne : 001494 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001493; suivant : 001495Flicker and the stabilised retinal image
Auteurs : D. C. WestSource :
- Vision Research [ 0042-6989 ] ; 1968.
Abstract
The percentage of time (V) for which a sinusoidally flickered stabilised retinal image is visible, was measured for frequencies in the range 0–25 c/s, and in relation to several parameters. It was found that V reaches a maximum at a certain frequency, fp, and decreases fairly rapidly for frequencies either side. For a 1.5° bipartite field, located on the fovea, flicker has an overall positive effect on V, and fp is around 5 c/s for all colours except blue, which gives anomalous results. The value of fp decreases with decreasing luminance, with increasing field size, or as a small field is moved to the parafovea. Variations of contrast, or blurring the field, have no effect on fp although V is affected. If square-wave or highly modulated flicker is used, non-linear effects become pronounced and fp depends on colour. The results are discussed in relation to the increase in size of retinal receptive fields with distance from the fovea, and in relation to the “pseudo-resonance” ideas of de Lange and Kelly.
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DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(68)90046-1
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Thomson Physical Laboratory, University of Reading, Reading,U.S.A.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:016AB13E0740216B7DB398048ACDEA665F200755</idno><date when="1968" year="1968">1968</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/0042-6989(68)90046-1</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/016AB13E0740216B7DB398048ACDEA665F200755/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001494</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Flicker and the stabilised retinal image</title><author><name sortKey="West, D C" sort="West, D C" uniqKey="West D" first="D. C." last="West">D. C. West</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>J.J. Thomson Physical Laboratory, University of Reading, Reading,U.S.A.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Vision Research</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">VR</title><idno type="ISSN">0042-6989</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1968">1968</date><biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="719">719</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="745">745</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0042-6989</idno></series><idno type="istex">016AB13E0740216B7DB398048ACDEA665F200755</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/0042-6989(68)90046-1</idno><idno type="PII">0042-6989(68)90046-1</idno><idno type="ArticleID">90046</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0042-6989</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The percentage of time (V) for which a sinusoidally flickered stabilised retinal image is visible, was measured for frequencies in the range 0–25 c/s, and in relation to several parameters. It was found that V reaches a maximum at a certain frequency, fp, and decreases fairly rapidly for frequencies either side. For a 1.5° bipartite field, located on the fovea, flicker has an overall positive effect on V, and fp is around 5 c/s for all colours except blue, which gives anomalous results. The value of fp decreases with decreasing luminance, with increasing field size, or as a small field is moved to the parafovea. Variations of contrast, or blurring the field, have no effect on fp although V is affected. If square-wave or highly modulated flicker is used, non-linear effects become pronounced and fp depends on colour. The results are discussed in relation to the increase in size of retinal receptive fields with distance from the fovea, and in relation to the “pseudo-resonance” ideas of de Lange and Kelly.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>D.C. West</name><affiliations><json:string>J.J. 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Thomson Physical Laboratory, University of Reading, Reading,U.S.A.</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Vision Research</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">VR</title><idno type="pISSN">0042-6989</idno><idno type="PII">S0042-6989(00)X0592-5</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1968"></date><biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="719">719</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="745">745</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">016AB13E0740216B7DB398048ACDEA665F200755</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/0042-6989(68)90046-1</idno><idno type="PII">0042-6989(68)90046-1</idno><idno type="ArticleID">90046</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1968</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The percentage of time (V) for which a sinusoidally flickered stabilised retinal image is visible, was measured for frequencies in the range 0–25 c/s, and in relation to several parameters. It was found that V reaches a maximum at a certain frequency, fp, and decreases fairly rapidly for frequencies either side. For a 1.5° bipartite field, located on the fovea, flicker has an overall positive effect on V, and fp is around 5 c/s for all colours except blue, which gives anomalous results. The value of fp decreases with decreasing luminance, with increasing field size, or as a small field is moved to the parafovea. Variations of contrast, or blurring the field, have no effect on fp although V is affected. If square-wave or highly modulated flicker is used, non-linear effects become pronounced and fp depends on colour. The results are discussed in relation to the increase in size of retinal receptive fields with distance from the fovea, and in relation to the “pseudo-resonance” ideas of de Lange and Kelly.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="fr"><p>On mesure, pour un domaine de fréquences 0–25 c/s et en liaison avec divers paramètres, le pourcentage (V) du temps pendant lequel est visible l'image rétinienne stabilisée d'un papillotement sinusoïdal. On trouve que V atteint son maximumàune certaine fréquence fp et décroît assez vite pour les fréquences voisines. Pour un champ bipartite de 1,5° vu fovéalement, le papillotement a un effet d'ensemble positif sur V, et fp avoisine 5 c/s pour toutes les couleurs, sauf le bleu qui donne des résultats anormaux. La valeur de fp décroît quand la luminance augmente, quand la dimension du champ augmente, ou quand un petit champ est déplacévers la parafovéa. Les variations de contraste, ou le flou du champ, n'ont pas d'effet sur fp bien que V soit affecté. Si on emploie un papillotementàonde carrée ouàgrande modulation, les effets non-linéaires deviennent prononcés et fp dépend de la couleur. On discute ces résultats en liaison avec l'augmentation de taille des champs récepteurs rétiniens avec la distance de la fovéa, et en liaison avec les notions de “pseudo-résonance” de de Lange et Kelly.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="de"><p>Der rozentuale Zeitanteil (V) während dem ein sinusförmig geflimmertes, stabilisiertes Netzhautbild sichtbar ist, wurde für verschiedene Frequenzen im Bereich von O bis 25 Hz und in Bezug auf verschiedene Parameter gemessen. Es zeigt sich, daβ V bei einer bestimmten Frequenz fp ein Maximum erreicht und für die umgebenden Frequenzen ziemlich schnell abfällt. Bei einem halbierten Feld von 1,5°, das in die Fovea abgebildet wird, wirkt sich Flimmern positiv auf V aus. Dabei liegt fp in etwa bei 5 Hz für alle Farben mit Ausnahme von Blau, welches anomale Ergebnisse bringt. Der Wert von fp nimmt mit der Helligkeit und mit wachsendem Felddurchmesser ab, oder auch wenn ein kleines Feld in die Parafovea bewegt wird. Kontraständerungen und Unscharfwerden des Feldes haben keinen Einfluβ auf fp, wenngleich V in Mitleidenschaft gezogen wird. Wird das Flimmern rechteckförmig oder stark moduliert, so werden Nichtlinearitäten ausgeprägt und fp wird farbabhängig. Die Ergebnisse werden in Bezug auf die Zunahme der Gröβe der rezeptiven Felder mit wachsendem Abstand von der Fovea und in Zusammenhang mit den “pseudo-Resonanz” Ideen von deLange und Kelly diskutiert.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>poyeн peeн (V) в eeнe кoopoo нo caлpo aннoe peaьoe opaeнe, eaюee aoapя peeю cнyc oao-eяeoo ceтooo cмya, ыo epeнo я хaco в пpeea oт 0 дo 25 лo в ceyнy, пp eнeн eoopы пapaepo. ыo пoaao, хo V ocтaeт мacмyмa пp oпpeeeo хacoe, fp, oнo кpyo yeaecя пp пepeoe к pyм acoaм. я oя в 1,5°, paeeннoo нa дe ooы, пpopyeoo нa oacь фoea, eьae oaыao пpe eьoe ooeьoe ecтe нa V a fp ыa ooлo 5 /ceк я ceх цeo, caя cн, oopы aeт ooяecя peyьa. Beнa fp пaae c yeьee яpoc, пp yeeн paмepo oя, л жe кoa мaoe пoe ecя пo apaeю к apaoeaьo oлac. eнeнe oнpaca л пoyee (blurring) oя нe яe нa fp, oя V eяecя. Ecл coyecя pяoyoe oы л жe ыcoo-oypoaыe eaя, тo caoяcя ыpaeы eeыe эe и fp acт oт цea. Peyьa ocyж acя в cя c yeeнe eы peaы peeы пoe c yaeнe oт фoea и в oнoeн к иee ceopeoaca≫.Lange и Kelly.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1968-01-12">Received</change><change when="1968">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier doc found" wicri:toSee="Elsevier, no converted or simple article"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 5.0.1//EN//XML" URI="art501.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article version="5.0" xml:lang="en" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>VR</jid><aid>90046</aid><ce:pii>0042-6989(68)90046-1</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/0042-6989(68)90046-1</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1968">Pergamon Press Limited</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Flicker and the stabilised retinal image</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>D.C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>West</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>J.J. Thomson Physical Laboratory, University of Reading, Reading,U.S.A.<ce:cross-ref refid="fn1"><ce:sup>1</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:footnote id="fn1"><ce:label>1</ce:label><ce:note-para>Now at Road Research Laboratory, Ministry of Transport, Crowthorne, Berks.</ce:note-para></ce:footnote></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="12" month="1" year="1968"></ce:date-received><ce:abstract id="ab1" class="author" xml:lang="en"><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>The percentage of time (<ce:italic>V</ce:italic>) for which a sinusoidally flickered stabilised retinal image is visible, was measured for frequencies in the range 0–25 c/s, and in relation to several parameters. It was found that <ce:italic>V</ce:italic> reaches a maximum at a certain frequency, <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic>, and decreases fairly rapidly for frequencies either side. For a 1.5° bipartite field, located on the fovea, flicker has an overall positive effect on <ce:italic>V</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> is around 5 c/s for all colours except blue, which gives anomalous results. The value of <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> decreases with decreasing luminance, with increasing field size, or as a small field is moved to the parafovea. Variations of contrast, or blurring the field, have no effect on <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> although <ce:italic>V</ce:italic> is affected. If square-wave or highly modulated flicker is used, non-linear effects become pronounced and <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> depends on colour. The results are discussed in relation to the increase in size of retinal receptive fields with distance from the fovea, and in relation to the “pseudo-resonance” ideas of de Lange and Kelly.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:abstract id="ab2" class="author" xml:lang="fr"><ce:section-title>Résumé</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>On mesure, pour un domaine de fréquences 0–25 c/s et en liaison avec divers paramètres, le pourcentage (<ce:italic>V</ce:italic>) du temps pendant lequel est visible l'image rétinienne stabilisée d'un papillotement sinusoïdal. On trouve que <ce:italic>V</ce:italic> atteint son maximumàune certaine fréquence <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> et décroît assez vite pour les fréquences voisines. Pour un champ bipartite de 1,5° vu fovéalement, le papillotement a un effet d'ensemble positif sur <ce:italic>V</ce:italic>, et <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> avoisine 5 c/s pour toutes les couleurs, sauf le bleu qui donne des résultats anormaux. La valeur de <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> décroît quand la luminance augmente, quand la dimension du champ augmente, ou quand un petit champ est déplacévers la parafovéa. Les variations de contraste, ou le flou du champ, n'ont pas d'effet sur <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> bien que <ce:italic>V</ce:italic> soit affecté. Si on emploie un papillotementàonde carrée ouàgrande modulation, les effets non-linéaires deviennent prononcés et <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> dépend de la couleur. On discute ces résultats en liaison avec l'augmentation de taille des champs récepteurs rétiniens avec la distance de la fovéa, et en liaison avec les notions de “pseudo-résonance” de de Lange et Kelly.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:abstract id="ab3" class="author" xml:lang="de"><ce:section-title>Zusammenfassung</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Der rozentuale Zeitanteil (<ce:italic>V</ce:italic>) während dem ein sinusförmig geflimmertes, stabilisiertes Netzhautbild sichtbar ist, wurde für verschiedene Frequenzen im Bereich von O bis 25 Hz und in Bezug auf verschiedene Parameter gemessen. Es zeigt sich, daβ <ce:italic>V</ce:italic> bei einer bestimmten Frequenz <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> ein Maximum erreicht und für die umgebenden Frequenzen ziemlich schnell abfällt. Bei einem halbierten Feld von 1,5°, das in die Fovea abgebildet wird, wirkt sich Flimmern positiv auf <ce:italic>V</ce:italic> aus. Dabei liegt <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> in etwa bei 5 Hz für alle Farben mit Ausnahme von Blau, welches anomale Ergebnisse bringt. Der Wert von <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> nimmt mit der Helligkeit und mit wachsendem Felddurchmesser ab, oder auch wenn ein kleines Feld in die Parafovea bewegt wird. Kontraständerungen und Unscharfwerden des Feldes haben keinen Einfluβ auf <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic>, wenngleich <ce:italic>V</ce:italic> in Mitleidenschaft gezogen wird. Wird das Flimmern rechteckförmig oder stark moduliert, so werden Nichtlinearitäten ausgeprägt und <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> wird farbabhängig. Die Ergebnisse werden in Bezug auf die Zunahme der Gröβe der rezeptiven Felder mit wachsendem Abstand von der Fovea und in Zusammenhang mit den “pseudo-Resonanz” Ideen von deLange und Kelly diskutiert.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:abstract id="ab4" class="author" xml:lang="ru"><ce:section-title>PeзюМe</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Лpoyeнм вpeмeни (<ce:italic>V</ce:italic>) в тeхeниe кoтopoгo виднo cтaбилизиpoв aннoe peтинaльнoe изoбpaжeниe, мeлькaющee блaгoдapя пpимeнeнию cинyc oидaльнo-измeняeмoгo cвeтoвoгo cтимyлa, былo измepeнo для хacтoт в пpeдeлaх oт 0 дo 25 циклoв в ceкyндy, пpи измeнeнии нeкoтopых пapaмeтpoв. Былo пoкaзaнo, хтo <ce:italic>V</ce:italic> дocтигaeт мaкcимyмa пpи oпpeдeлeннoй хacтoтe, <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic>, oнo кpyтo yмeньщaeтcя пpи пepeхoдe к дpyгим хacтoтaм. Для пoля в 1,5°, paздeлeннoгo нa двe пoлoвины, пpoициpyeмoгo нa oблacть фoвea, мeлькaниe oкaзывaлo пpeд eльнoe пoлoжитeльнoe дeйcтвиe нa <ce:italic>V</ce:italic> a f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf> былa oкoлo 5 ц/ceк для вceх цвeтoв, иcклюхaя cиний, кoтopый дaeт oтклoняющиecя peзyльтaты. Beлихинa <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> пaдaeт c yмeньщeниeм яpкocти, пpи yвeлихeнии paзмepoв пoля, или жe кoгдa мaлoe пoлe движeтcя пo нaпpaвлeнию к пapaфoвeaльнoй oблacти. Измeнeниe кoнтpacтa или пoмyтнeниe (blurring) пoля нe влияeт нa <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic>, хoтя <ce:italic>V</ce:italic> измeняeтcя. Ecли иcпoльзyeтcя пpямoyгoльцыe вoлны или жe выcoкo-мoдyлиpoвaнныe мeлькaния, тo cтaнoвятcя выpaжeнными иeлинeйныe эффeкты и <ce:italic>f<ce:inf>p</ce:inf></ce:italic> зaвиcит oт цвeтa. Peзyльтaты oбcyжд aютcя в cвязии c yвeлихeниeм вeлихины peтинaлвных peцeптивных пoлeй c yдaлeниeм oт фoвea и в oтнoшeнии к идee ≪пceвдopeзoнaнca≫.Lange и Kelly.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract></head><tail><ce:bibliography><ce:section-title>References</ce:section-title><ce:bibliography-sec><ce:bib-reference id="bib1"><ce:label>Barlow, 1958</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Barlow</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.B.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Temporal and spatial summation in human vision at different background intensities</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. 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Thomson Physical Laboratory, University of Reading, Reading,U.S.A.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1968</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">1968-01-12</dateCaptured><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1968</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The percentage of time (V) for which a sinusoidally flickered stabilised retinal image is visible, was measured for frequencies in the range 0–25 c/s, and in relation to several parameters. It was found that V reaches a maximum at a certain frequency, fp, and decreases fairly rapidly for frequencies either side. For a 1.5° bipartite field, located on the fovea, flicker has an overall positive effect on V, and fp is around 5 c/s for all colours except blue, which gives anomalous results. The value of fp decreases with decreasing luminance, with increasing field size, or as a small field is moved to the parafovea. Variations of contrast, or blurring the field, have no effect on fp although V is affected. If square-wave or highly modulated flicker is used, non-linear effects become pronounced and fp depends on colour. The results are discussed in relation to the increase in size of retinal receptive fields with distance from the fovea, and in relation to the “pseudo-resonance” ideas of de Lange and Kelly.</abstract><abstract lang="fr">On mesure, pour un domaine de fréquences 0–25 c/s et en liaison avec divers paramètres, le pourcentage (V) du temps pendant lequel est visible l'image rétinienne stabilisée d'un papillotement sinusoïdal. On trouve que V atteint son maximumàune certaine fréquence fp et décroît assez vite pour les fréquences voisines. Pour un champ bipartite de 1,5° vu fovéalement, le papillotement a un effet d'ensemble positif sur V, et fp avoisine 5 c/s pour toutes les couleurs, sauf le bleu qui donne des résultats anormaux. La valeur de fp décroît quand la luminance augmente, quand la dimension du champ augmente, ou quand un petit champ est déplacévers la parafovéa. Les variations de contraste, ou le flou du champ, n'ont pas d'effet sur fp bien que V soit affecté. Si on emploie un papillotementàonde carrée ouàgrande modulation, les effets non-linéaires deviennent prononcés et fp dépend de la couleur. On discute ces résultats en liaison avec l'augmentation de taille des champs récepteurs rétiniens avec la distance de la fovéa, et en liaison avec les notions de “pseudo-résonance” de de Lange et Kelly.</abstract><abstract lang="de">Der rozentuale Zeitanteil (V) während dem ein sinusförmig geflimmertes, stabilisiertes Netzhautbild sichtbar ist, wurde für verschiedene Frequenzen im Bereich von O bis 25 Hz und in Bezug auf verschiedene Parameter gemessen. Es zeigt sich, daβ V bei einer bestimmten Frequenz fp ein Maximum erreicht und für die umgebenden Frequenzen ziemlich schnell abfällt. Bei einem halbierten Feld von 1,5°, das in die Fovea abgebildet wird, wirkt sich Flimmern positiv auf V aus. Dabei liegt fp in etwa bei 5 Hz für alle Farben mit Ausnahme von Blau, welches anomale Ergebnisse bringt. Der Wert von fp nimmt mit der Helligkeit und mit wachsendem Felddurchmesser ab, oder auch wenn ein kleines Feld in die Parafovea bewegt wird. Kontraständerungen und Unscharfwerden des Feldes haben keinen Einfluβ auf fp, wenngleich V in Mitleidenschaft gezogen wird. Wird das Flimmern rechteckförmig oder stark moduliert, so werden Nichtlinearitäten ausgeprägt und fp wird farbabhängig. Die Ergebnisse werden in Bezug auf die Zunahme der Gröβe der rezeptiven Felder mit wachsendem Abstand von der Fovea und in Zusammenhang mit den “pseudo-Resonanz” Ideen von deLange und Kelly diskutiert.</abstract><abstract lang="ru">poyeн peeн (V) в eeнe кoopoo нo caлpo aннoe peaьoe opaeнe, eaюee aoapя peeю cнyc oao-eяeoo ceтooo cмya, ыo epeнo я хaco в пpeea oт 0 дo 25 лo в ceyнy, пp eнeн eoopы пapaepo. ыo пoaao, хo V ocтaeт мacмyмa пp oпpeeeo хacoe, fp, oнo кpyo yeaecя пp пepeoe к pyм acoaм. я oя в 1,5°, paeeннoo нa дe ooы, пpopyeoo нa oacь фoea, eьae oaыao пpe eьoe ooeьoe ecтe нa V a fp ыa ooлo 5 /ceк я ceх цeo, caя cн, oopы aeт ooяecя peyьa. Beнa fp пaae c yeьee яpoc, пp yeeн paмepo oя, л жe кoa мaoe пoe ecя пo apaeю к apaoeaьo oлac. eнeнe oнpaca л пoyee (blurring) oя нe яe нa fp, oя V eяecя. Ecл coyecя pяoyoe oы л жe ыcoo-oypoaыe eaя, тo caoяcя ыpaeы eeыe эe и fp acт oт цea. Peyьa ocyж acя в cя c yeeнe eы peaы peeы пoe c yaeнe oт фoea и в oнoeн к иee ceopeoaca≫.Lange и Kelly.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Vision Research</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>VR</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">196806</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0042-6989</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0042-6989(00)X0592-5</identifier><part><detail type="volume"><number>8</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>6</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>617</start><end>760</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>719</start><end>745</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">016AB13E0740216B7DB398048ACDEA665F200755</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/0042-6989(68)90046-1</identifier><identifier type="PII">0042-6989(68)90046-1</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">90046</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="">© 1968Pergamon Press Limited</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Pergamon Press Limited, ©1968</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><enrichments><istex:catWosTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/016AB13E0740216B7DB398048ACDEA665F200755/enrichments/catWos"><teiHeader><profileDesc><textClass><classCode scheme="WOS">OPHTHALMOLOGY</classCode><classCode scheme="WOS">NEUROSCIENCES</classCode></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:catWosTEI></enrichments></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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