Interactive 3-dimensional segmentation of MRI data in personal computer environment
Identifieur interne : 000190 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000189; suivant : 000191Interactive 3-dimensional segmentation of MRI data in personal computer environment
Auteurs : Seung-Schik Yoo ; Chang-Uk Lee ; Byung Gil Choi ; Pairash SaiviroonpornSource :
- Journal of Neuroscience Methods [ 0165-0270 ] ; 2001.
English descriptors
Abstract
We describe a method of interactive three-dimensional segmentation and visualization for anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in a personal computer environment. The visual feedback necessary during 3-D segmentation was provided by a ray casting algorithm, which was designed to allow users to interactively decide the visualization quality depending on the task-requirement. Structures such as gray matter, white matter, and facial skin from T1-weighted high-resolution MRI data were segmented and later visualized with surface rendering. Personal computers with central processing unit (CPU) speeds of 266, 400, and 700 MHz, were used for the implementation. The 3-D visualization upon each execution of the segmentation operation was achieved in the order of 2 s with a 700 MHz CPU. Our results suggest that 3-D volume segmentation with semi real-time visual feedback could be effectively implemented in a PC environment without the need for dedicated graphics processing hardware.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-0270(01)00470-8
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Interactive 3-dimensional segmentation of MRI data in personal computer environment</title><author><name sortKey="Yoo, Seung Schik" sort="Yoo, Seung Schik" uniqKey="Yoo S" first="Seung-Schik" last="Yoo">Seung-Schik Yoo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Chang Uk" sort="Lee, Chang Uk" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Chang-Uk" last="Lee">Chang-Uk Lee</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Byung Gil" sort="Choi, Byung Gil" uniqKey="Choi B" first="Byung Gil" last="Choi">Byung Gil Choi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: cbg@cmc.cuk.ac.kr</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saiviroonporn, Pairash" sort="Saiviroonporn, Pairash" uniqKey="Saiviroonporn P" first="Pairash" last="Saiviroonporn">Pairash Saiviroonporn</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:B56105C4B8D7E3F2787D4D148E39BB9854D263D7</idno><date when="2001" year="2001">2001</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0165-0270(01)00470-8</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/B56105C4B8D7E3F2787D4D148E39BB9854D263D7/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000190</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Interactive 3-dimensional segmentation of MRI data in personal computer environment</title><author><name sortKey="Yoo, Seung Schik" sort="Yoo, Seung Schik" uniqKey="Yoo S" first="Seung-Schik" last="Yoo">Seung-Schik Yoo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Chang Uk" sort="Lee, Chang Uk" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Chang-Uk" last="Lee">Chang-Uk Lee</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Byung Gil" sort="Choi, Byung Gil" uniqKey="Choi B" first="Byung Gil" last="Choi">Byung Gil Choi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: cbg@cmc.cuk.ac.kr</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saiviroonporn, Pairash" sort="Saiviroonporn, Pairash" uniqKey="Saiviroonporn P" first="Pairash" last="Saiviroonporn">Pairash Saiviroonporn</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Neuroscience Methods</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">NSM</title><idno type="ISSN">0165-0270</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001">2001</date><biblScope unit="volume">112</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="75">75</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="82">82</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0165-0270</idno></series><idno type="istex">B56105C4B8D7E3F2787D4D148E39BB9854D263D7</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0165-0270(01)00470-8</idno><idno type="PII">S0165-0270(01)00470-8</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0165-0270</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Magnetic resonance imaging</term><term>Personal computer</term><term>Segmentation</term><term>Visualization</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We describe a method of interactive three-dimensional segmentation and visualization for anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in a personal computer environment. The visual feedback necessary during 3-D segmentation was provided by a ray casting algorithm, which was designed to allow users to interactively decide the visualization quality depending on the task-requirement. Structures such as gray matter, white matter, and facial skin from T1-weighted high-resolution MRI data were segmented and later visualized with surface rendering. Personal computers with central processing unit (CPU) speeds of 266, 400, and 700 MHz, were used for the implementation. The 3-D visualization upon each execution of the segmentation operation was achieved in the order of 2 s with a 700 MHz CPU. Our results suggest that 3-D volume segmentation with semi real-time visual feedback could be effectively implemented in a PC environment without the need for dedicated graphics processing hardware.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Seung-Schik Yoo</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, South Korea</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Chang-Uk Lee</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Byung Gil Choi</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: cbg@cmc.cuk.ac.kr</json:string><json:string>Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, South Korea</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Pairash Saiviroonporn</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Visualization</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Segmentation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Personal computer</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Magnetic resonance imaging</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>We describe a method of interactive three-dimensional segmentation and visualization for anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in a personal computer environment. The visual feedback necessary during 3-D segmentation was provided by a ray casting algorithm, which was designed to allow users to interactively decide the visualization quality depending on the task-requirement. Structures such as gray matter, white matter, and facial skin from T1-weighted high-resolution MRI data were segmented and later visualized with surface rendering. Personal computers with central processing unit (CPU) speeds of 266, 400, and 700 MHz, were used for the implementation. The 3-D visualization upon each execution of the segmentation operation was achieved in the order of 2 s with a 700 MHz CPU. Our results suggest that 3-D volume segmentation with semi real-time visual feedback could be effectively implemented in a PC environment without the need for dedicated graphics processing hardware.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.444</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>552 x 752 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>4</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>996</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4704</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>29961</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>145</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Interactive 3-dimensional segmentation of MRI data in personal computer environment</title><pii><json:string>S0165-0270(01)00470-8</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>112</volume><pii><json:string>S0165-0270(00)X0092-1</json:string></pii><pages><last>82</last><first>75</first></pages><issn><json:string>0165-0270</json:string></issn><issue>1</issue><genre><json:string>Journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Journal of Neuroscience Methods</title><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate></host><categories><wos><json:string>BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS</json:string><json:string>NEUROSCIENCES</json:string></wos></categories><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2001</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0165-0270(01)00470-8</json:string></doi><id>B56105C4B8D7E3F2787D4D148E39BB9854D263D7</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/B56105C4B8D7E3F2787D4D148E39BB9854D263D7/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/B56105C4B8D7E3F2787D4D148E39BB9854D263D7/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/B56105C4B8D7E3F2787D4D148E39BB9854D263D7/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/B56105C4B8D7E3F2787D4D148E39BB9854D263D7/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Interactive 3-dimensional segmentation of MRI data in personal computer environment</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>ELSEVIER</p></availability><date>2001</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>The software and its source code will be freely available upon request.</note><note type="content">Fig. 1: Schematic drawing of interactive volume segmentation.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: The illustrations of ray casting rendering. The rays parallel to the scene are projected through the object (ray 1 and 2). Complete intensity profiles as the ray passes through volume data were represented as profile 1 and 2. The implemented algorithm computes the distance (as indicated with arrowheads) along the ray where it first encounters the thresholded or segmented pixel value (dotted line) for visualization.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Diagram illustrating the interaction between user interface and visualization with the proposed ray casting method shown in Fig. 2.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Three orthogonal-plane display with cross-hair and 3-D representation of the segmented facial skin.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: The 3-D representation of the facial skin in axial cut (top row), gray matter (middle row), and white matter (bottom row) structures for the variable size of square projection matrix of 80, 175 and 256 (from left to right) using ray-casting algorithm. The surface rendered images from the segmentation (without polygon reduction) are shown in the right column. In addition to the improvement in visualization of the facial structure, the definition of cortical gyri and white matter formation becomes clearer as the projection resolution increases in ray-casting algorithm. Although the image quality and contrast are not as good as surface rendering, ray-casting algorithm provides effective interactive visualization environment for the users.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Time required for each update in the visualization of the volume data (256×256×124) for different CPU clock-speeds and projection resolutions (size of square projection matrix)</note><note type="content">Table 2: The averaged number of operations to reach the level of proficiency across 10 novices</note><note type="content">Table 3: The comparison of segmentation results to the Brain Web anatomical model with the percentage difference between known volume of the digital phantom and measured segmented volume</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Interactive 3-dimensional segmentation of MRI data in personal computer environment</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Seung-Schik</forename><surname>Yoo</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Chang-Uk</forename><surname>Lee</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Byung Gil</forename><surname>Choi</surname></persName><email>cbg@cmc.cuk.ac.kr</email><note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author. Tel.: +82-2-590-1588; fax: +82-2-599-6771</p></note><affiliation>Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Pairash</forename><surname>Saiviroonporn</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Neuroscience Methods</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">NSM</title><idno type="pISSN">0165-0270</idno><idno type="PII">S0165-0270(00)X0092-1</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001"></date><biblScope unit="volume">112</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="75">75</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="82">82</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">B56105C4B8D7E3F2787D4D148E39BB9854D263D7</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0165-0270(01)00470-8</idno><idno type="PII">S0165-0270(01)00470-8</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2001</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We describe a method of interactive three-dimensional segmentation and visualization for anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in a personal computer environment. The visual feedback necessary during 3-D segmentation was provided by a ray casting algorithm, which was designed to allow users to interactively decide the visualization quality depending on the task-requirement. Structures such as gray matter, white matter, and facial skin from T1-weighted high-resolution MRI data were segmented and later visualized with surface rendering. Personal computers with central processing unit (CPU) speeds of 266, 400, and 700 MHz, were used for the implementation. The 3-D visualization upon each execution of the segmentation operation was achieved in the order of 2 s with a 700 MHz CPU. Our results suggest that 3-D volume segmentation with semi real-time visual feedback could be effectively implemented in a PC environment without the need for dedicated graphics processing hardware.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Visualization</term></item><item><term>Segmentation</term></item><item><term>Personal computer</term></item><item><term>Magnetic resonance imaging</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2001-08-21">Registration</change><change when="2001-05-25">Modified</change><change when="2001">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr3" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr3"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr4" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr4"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr5" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr5"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="en"><item-info><jid>NSM</jid><aid>3102</aid><ce:pii>S0165-0270(01)00470-8</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0165-0270(01)00470-8</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2001">Elsevier Science B.V.</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:article-footnote><ce:label>☆</ce:label><ce:note-para>The software and its source code will be freely available upon request.</ce:note-para></ce:article-footnote><ce:title>Interactive 3-dimensional segmentation of MRI data in personal computer environment</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Seung-Schik</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Yoo</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Chang-Uk</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Lee</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF3"><ce:sup>c</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Byung Gil</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Choi</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="COR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address type="email">cbg@cmc.cuk.ac.kr</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Pairash</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Saiviroonporn</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF4"><ce:sup>d</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, South Korea</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF3"><ce:label>c</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF4"><ce:label>d</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="COR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. Tel.: +82-2-590-1588; fax: +82-2-599-6771</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="2" month="2" year="2001"></ce:date-received><ce:date-revised day="25" month="5" year="2001"></ce:date-revised><ce:date-accepted day="21" month="8" year="2001"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>We describe a method of interactive three-dimensional segmentation and visualization for anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in a personal computer environment. The visual feedback necessary during 3-D segmentation was provided by a ray casting algorithm, which was designed to allow users to interactively decide the visualization quality depending on the task-requirement. Structures such as gray matter, white matter, and facial skin from T1-weighted high-resolution MRI data were segmented and later visualized with surface rendering. Personal computers with central processing unit (CPU) speeds of 266, 400, and 700 MHz, were used for the implementation. The 3-D visualization upon each execution of the segmentation operation was achieved in the order of 2 s with a 700 MHz CPU. Our results suggest that 3-D volume segmentation with semi real-time visual feedback could be effectively implemented in a PC environment without the need for dedicated graphics processing hardware.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Visualization</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Segmentation</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Personal computer</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Magnetic resonance imaging</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Interactive 3-dimensional segmentation of MRI data in personal computer environment</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Interactive 3-dimensional segmentation of MRI data in personal computer environment</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Seung-Schik</namePart><namePart type="family">Yoo</namePart><affiliation>Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Chang-Uk</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Byung Gil</namePart><namePart type="family">Choi</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: cbg@cmc.cuk.ac.kr</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation><description>Corresponding author. Tel.: +82-2-590-1588; fax: +82-2-599-6771</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Pairash</namePart><namePart type="family">Saiviroonporn</namePart><affiliation>Department of Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2001</dateIssued><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2001-08-21</dateValid><dateModified encoding="w3cdtf">2001-05-25</dateModified><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2001</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">We describe a method of interactive three-dimensional segmentation and visualization for anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in a personal computer environment. The visual feedback necessary during 3-D segmentation was provided by a ray casting algorithm, which was designed to allow users to interactively decide the visualization quality depending on the task-requirement. Structures such as gray matter, white matter, and facial skin from T1-weighted high-resolution MRI data were segmented and later visualized with surface rendering. Personal computers with central processing unit (CPU) speeds of 266, 400, and 700 MHz, were used for the implementation. The 3-D visualization upon each execution of the segmentation operation was achieved in the order of 2 s with a 700 MHz CPU. Our results suggest that 3-D volume segmentation with semi real-time visual feedback could be effectively implemented in a PC environment without the need for dedicated graphics processing hardware.</abstract><note>The software and its source code will be freely available upon request.</note><note type="content">Fig. 1: Schematic drawing of interactive volume segmentation.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: The illustrations of ray casting rendering. The rays parallel to the scene are projected through the object (ray 1 and 2). Complete intensity profiles as the ray passes through volume data were represented as profile 1 and 2. The implemented algorithm computes the distance (as indicated with arrowheads) along the ray where it first encounters the thresholded or segmented pixel value (dotted line) for visualization.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Diagram illustrating the interaction between user interface and visualization with the proposed ray casting method shown in Fig. 2.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Three orthogonal-plane display with cross-hair and 3-D representation of the segmented facial skin.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: The 3-D representation of the facial skin in axial cut (top row), gray matter (middle row), and white matter (bottom row) structures for the variable size of square projection matrix of 80, 175 and 256 (from left to right) using ray-casting algorithm. The surface rendered images from the segmentation (without polygon reduction) are shown in the right column. In addition to the improvement in visualization of the facial structure, the definition of cortical gyri and white matter formation becomes clearer as the projection resolution increases in ray-casting algorithm. Although the image quality and contrast are not as good as surface rendering, ray-casting algorithm provides effective interactive visualization environment for the users.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Time required for each update in the visualization of the volume data (256×256×124) for different CPU clock-speeds and projection resolutions (size of square projection matrix)</note><note type="content">Table 2: The averaged number of operations to reach the level of proficiency across 10 novices</note><note type="content">Table 3: The comparison of segmentation results to the Brain Web anatomical model with the percentage difference between known volume of the digital phantom and measured segmented volume</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Visualization</topic><topic>Segmentation</topic><topic>Personal computer</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance imaging</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Neuroscience Methods</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>NSM</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">20011115</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0165-0270</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0165-0270(00)X0092-1</identifier><part><date>20011115</date><detail type="volume"><number>112</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>1</start><end>82</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>75</start><end>82</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">B56105C4B8D7E3F2787D4D148E39BB9854D263D7</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0165-0270(01)00470-8</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0165-0270(01)00470-8</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="">© 2001Elsevier Science B.V.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science B.V., ©2001</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><enrichments><istex:catWosTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/B56105C4B8D7E3F2787D4D148E39BB9854D263D7/enrichments/catWos"><teiHeader><profileDesc><textClass><classCode scheme="WOS">BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS</classCode><classCode scheme="WOS">NEUROSCIENCES</classCode></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:catWosTEI></enrichments><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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