Network-based Haptic Systems with Time-Delays
Identifieur interne : 000398 ( Hal/Corpus ); précédent : 000397; suivant : 000399Network-based Haptic Systems with Time-Delays
Auteurs : Bogdan Cristian LiacuSource :
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Abstract
During the last decades, virtual environments have become very popular and are largely used in many domains as, for example, prototyping, trainings for different devices, assistance in completing difficult tasks, etc. The interaction with the virtual reality, as well as the feedback force, is assured by haptic interfaces. Generally, such systems are affected by communication and processing time-delays, resulting in a deterioration of performances. In this thesis, a complete study of the existing methods, as well as theoretical tools and new solutions, are proposed for the haptic framework. First, a comparative study, based on the experimental results obtained on a 1-dof haptic system, highlights the advantages and drawbacks of the most common control algorithms ported from teleoperation to haptics. Next, the theoretical tools needed in analyzing the stability of the delayed systems in different situations, as well as the physical limitations of the experimental platforms considered, are examined. Besides the standard case of constant time-delays, uncertainties are also considered and modeled by different types of distributions (uniform, normal and gamma distribution with gap). In the sequel, for overcoming the drawback of time-delays, two new approaches are proposed. First, the use of Smith predictor-based control is addressed and a specific solution for haptic systems is developed and discussed. The main idea is to introduce into the Smith predictor the environmental forces by using the additional information from the virtual reality regarding the distances between the controlled virtual object and other objects in the scene. To overcome the loss of performances induced by using a fixed gain in the controllers for all situations (free or restricted motions), the second approach proposes a gain-scheduling Proportional Derivative control strategy depending on the distance until a possible collision. Both approaches are experimentally validated on a 3-dof haptic platform, under different scenarios elaborated gradually from simple situations - free and restricted motion, contacts with moving objects, to more complex situations - virtual box with fixed or moving sides.
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">During the last decades, virtual environments have become very popular and are largely used in many domains as, for example, prototyping, trainings for different devices, assistance in completing difficult tasks, etc. The interaction with the virtual reality, as well as the feedback force, is assured by haptic interfaces. Generally, such systems are affected by communication and processing time-delays, resulting in a deterioration of performances. In this thesis, a complete study of the existing methods, as well as theoretical tools and new solutions, are proposed for the haptic framework. First, a comparative study, based on the experimental results obtained on a 1-dof haptic system, highlights the advantages and drawbacks of the most common control algorithms ported from teleoperation to haptics. Next, the theoretical tools needed in analyzing the stability of the delayed systems in different situations, as well as the physical limitations of the experimental platforms considered, are examined. Besides the standard case of constant time-delays, uncertainties are also considered and modeled by different types of distributions (uniform, normal and gamma distribution with gap). In the sequel, for overcoming the drawback of time-delays, two new approaches are proposed. First, the use of Smith predictor-based control is addressed and a specific solution for haptic systems is developed and discussed. The main idea is to introduce into the Smith predictor the environmental forces by using the additional information from the virtual reality regarding the distances between the controlled virtual object and other objects in the scene. To overcome the loss of performances induced by using a fixed gain in the controllers for all situations (free or restricted motions), the second approach proposes a gain-scheduling Proportional Derivative control strategy depending on the distance until a possible collision. Both approaches are experimentally validated on a 3-dof haptic platform, under different scenarios elaborated gradually from simple situations - free and restricted motion, contacts with moving objects, to more complex situations - virtual box with fixed or moving sides.</div>
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<abstract xml:lang="en">During the last decades, virtual environments have become very popular and are largely used in many domains as, for example, prototyping, trainings for different devices, assistance in completing difficult tasks, etc. The interaction with the virtual reality, as well as the feedback force, is assured by haptic interfaces. Generally, such systems are affected by communication and processing time-delays, resulting in a deterioration of performances. In this thesis, a complete study of the existing methods, as well as theoretical tools and new solutions, are proposed for the haptic framework. First, a comparative study, based on the experimental results obtained on a 1-dof haptic system, highlights the advantages and drawbacks of the most common control algorithms ported from teleoperation to haptics. Next, the theoretical tools needed in analyzing the stability of the delayed systems in different situations, as well as the physical limitations of the experimental platforms considered, are examined. Besides the standard case of constant time-delays, uncertainties are also considered and modeled by different types of distributions (uniform, normal and gamma distribution with gap). In the sequel, for overcoming the drawback of time-delays, two new approaches are proposed. First, the use of Smith predictor-based control is addressed and a specific solution for haptic systems is developed and discussed. The main idea is to introduce into the Smith predictor the environmental forces by using the additional information from the virtual reality regarding the distances between the controlled virtual object and other objects in the scene. To overcome the loss of performances induced by using a fixed gain in the controllers for all situations (free or restricted motions), the second approach proposes a gain-scheduling Proportional Derivative control strategy depending on the distance until a possible collision. Both approaches are experimentally validated on a 3-dof haptic platform, under different scenarios elaborated gradually from simple situations - free and restricted motion, contacts with moving objects, to more complex situations - virtual box with fixed or moving sides.</abstract>
<abstract xml:lang="fr">Au cours des dernières décennies, les environnements virtuels se sont de plus en plus répandus et sont largement utilisés dans de nombreux domaines comme, par exemple, le prototypage, la formation à l’utilisation de différents outils/appareils, l’aide à la réalisation de tâches difficiles, etc. L’interaction avec la réalité virtuelle, ainsi que le retour d’effort, sont assurés par des interfaces haptiques. En général, ces systèmes sont affectés par des retards de communication et de traitement, entraînant une détérioration des performances. Dans cette thèse, une étude complète des méthodes existantes, les outils théoriques et de nouvelles solutions sont proposés dans le cadre de l’haptique. Dans un premier temps, une étude comparative, fondée sur des résultats expérimentaux obtenus sur un système haptique à un degré de liberté, met en évidence les avantages et les inconvénients des algorithmes de commande les plus classiques, transposés du domaine de la téléopération à l’haptique. Sont ensuite examinés les outils théoriques nécessaires à l’analyse de la stabilité des systèmes à retard selon différentes situations, tenant compte des limites physiques des plates-formes expérimentales considérées. En plus du cas classique du retard constant, des incertitudes sont également considérées et modélisées par plusieurs types de distributions (distribution uniforme, normale et gamma avec gap). Finalement, pour surmonter les inconvénients liés aux retards, deux nouvelles approches sont proposées. Tout d’abord, la commande de type prédicteur de Smith est reprise et une solution spécifique pour les systèmes haptiques est mise en oeuvre. L’idée principale consiste à introduire dans le prédicteur de Smith les forces liées à l’environnement en utilisant les informations complémentaires issues de la réalité virtuelle, en ce qui concerne les distances entre l’objet virtuel piloté et d’autres objets présents dans la scène. Pour surmonter la perte de performances induite par l’utilisation d’un gain fixe dans les correcteurs, commun à toutes les situations (mouvements libres ou restreints), la seconde approche propose un correcteur Proportionnel Dérivé incluant une stratégie de séquencement de gain en fonction de la distance jusqu’à une éventuelle collision. Les deux approches sont validées expérimentalement sur une plateforme haptique à trois degrés de liberté, pour différents scénarios de complexité progressive, partant de situations avec des mouvements simples - libre et restreints, des contacts avec des objets en mouvement, pour arriver à des situations plus complexes - boîte virtuelle avec des murs fixes ou mobiles.</abstract>
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