Global Genomic Diversity of Human Papillomavirus 6 Based on 724 Isolates and 190 Complete Genome Sequences
Identifieur interne : 000090 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 000089; suivant : 000091Global Genomic Diversity of Human Papillomavirus 6 Based on 724 Isolates and 190 Complete Genome Sequences
Auteurs : Mateja M. Jelen [Slovénie] ; Zigui Chen [États-Unis] ; Boštjan J. Kocjan [Slovénie] ; Felicity J. Burt [Afrique du Sud] ; Paul K. S. Chan [République populaire de Chine] ; Diego Chouhy [Argentine] ; Catharina E. Combrinck [Afrique du Sud] ; François Coutlée [Canada] ; Christine Estrade [Suisse] ; Alex Ferenczy [Canada] ; Alison Fiander [Royaume-Uni] ; Eduardo L. Franco [Canada] ; Suzanne M. Garland [Australie] ; Adriana A. Giri [Argentine] ; Joaquín Víctor González [Argentine] ; Arndt Gröning [Allemagne] ; Kerstin Heidrich [Allemagne] ; Sam Hibbitts [Royaume-Uni] ; Lea Hošnjak [Slovénie] ; Tommy N. M. Luk [République populaire de Chine] ; Karina Marinic [Argentine] ; Toshihiko Matsukura [Japon] ; Anna Neumann [Allemagne] ; Anja Oštrbenk [Slovénie] ; Maria Alejandra Picconi [Argentine] ; Harriet Richardson [Canada] ; Martin Sagadin [Slovénie] ; Roland Sahli [Suisse] ; Riaz Y. Seedat [Afrique du Sud] ; Katja Seme [Slovénie] ; Alberto Severini [Canada] ; Jessica L. Sinchi [Argentine] ; Jana Smahelova [République tchèque] ; Sepehr N. Tabrizi [Australie] ; Ruth Tachezy [République tchèque] ; Sarah Tohme [Canada] ; Virgilijus Uloza [Lituanie] ; Astra Vitkauskiene [Lituanie] ; Yong Wee Wong [Malaisie] ; Snježana Židovec Lepej [Croatie] ; Robert D. Burk [États-Unis] ; Mario Poljak [Slovénie]Source :
- Journal of Virology [ 0022-538X ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV6) is the major etiological agent of anogenital warts and laryngeal papillomas and has been included in both the quadrivalent and nonavalent prophylactic HPV vaccines. This study investigated the global genomic diversity of HPV6, using 724 isolates and 190 complete genomes from six continents, and the association of HPV6 genomic variants with geographical location, anatomical site of infection/disease, and gender. Initially, a 2,800-bp E5a-E5b-L1-LCR fragment was sequenced from 492/530 (92.8%) HPV6-positive samples collected for this study. Among them, 130 exhibited at least one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), indel, or amino acid change in the E5a-E5b-L1-LCR fragment and were sequenced in full. A global alignment and maximum likelihood tree of 190 complete HPV6 genomes (130 fully sequenced in this study and 60 obtained from sequence repositories) revealed two variant lineages, A and B, and five B sublineages: B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5. HPV6 (sub)lineage-specific SNPs and a 960-bp representative region for whole-genome-based phylogenetic clustering within the L2 open reading frame were identified. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that lineage B predominated globally. Sublineage B3 was more common in Africa and North and South America, and lineage A was more common in Asia. Sublineages B1 and B3 were associated with anogenital infections, indicating a potential lesion-specific predilection of some HPV6 sublineages. Females had higher odds for infection with sublineage B3 than males. In conclusion, a global HPV6 phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of two variant lineages and five sublineages, showing some degree of ethnogeographic, gender, and/or disease predilection in their distribution.
Url:
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00621-14
PubMed: 24741079
PubMed Central: 4054425
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<author><name sortKey="Jelen, Mateja M" sort="Jelen, Mateja M" uniqKey="Jelen M" first="Mateja M." last="Jelen">Mateja M. Jelen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Chen, Zigui" sort="Chen, Zigui" uniqKey="Chen Z" first="Zigui" last="Chen">Zigui Chen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kocjan, Bostjan J" sort="Kocjan, Bostjan J" uniqKey="Kocjan B" first="Boštjan J." last="Kocjan">Boštjan J. Kocjan</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Chouhy, Diego" sort="Chouhy, Diego" uniqKey="Chouhy D" first="Diego" last="Chouhy">Diego Chouhy</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Combrinck, Catharina E" sort="Combrinck, Catharina E" uniqKey="Combrinck C" first="Catharina E." last="Combrinck">Catharina E. Combrinck</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Coutlee, Francois" sort="Coutlee, Francois" uniqKey="Coutlee F" first="François" last="Coutlée">François Coutlée</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Estrade, Christine" sort="Estrade, Christine" uniqKey="Estrade C" first="Christine" last="Estrade">Christine Estrade</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Fiander, Alison" sort="Fiander, Alison" uniqKey="Fiander A" first="Alison" last="Fiander">Alison Fiander</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Franco, Eduardo L" sort="Franco, Eduardo L" uniqKey="Franco E" first="Eduardo L." last="Franco">Eduardo L. Franco</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, Joaquin Victor" sort="Gonzalez, Joaquin Victor" uniqKey="Gonzalez J" first="Joaquín Víctor" last="González">Joaquín Víctor González</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hibbitts, Sam" sort="Hibbitts, Sam" uniqKey="Hibbitts S" first="Sam" last="Hibbitts">Sam Hibbitts</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cardiff</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hosnjak, Lea" sort="Hosnjak, Lea" uniqKey="Hosnjak L" first="Lea" last="Hošnjak">Lea Hošnjak</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luk, Tommy N M" sort="Luk, Tommy N M" uniqKey="Luk T" first="Tommy N. M." last="Luk">Tommy N. M. Luk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Dermatology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dermatology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université chinoise de Hong Kong</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sha Tin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Department of Health, Social Hygiene Service, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Health, Social Hygiene Service, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Marinic, Karina" sort="Marinic, Karina" uniqKey="Marinic K" first="Karina" last="Marinic">Karina Marinic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Histocompatibility and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Julio C. Perrando Hospital, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Histocompatibility and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Julio C. Perrando Hospital, Resistencia, Chaco</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matsukura, Toshihiko" sort="Matsukura, Toshihiko" uniqKey="Matsukura T" first="Toshihiko" last="Matsukura">Toshihiko Matsukura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19">Ganshintetsu Memorial Laboratory, Department of Virology II, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ganshintetsu Memorial Laboratory, Department of Virology II, National Institute of Health, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neumann, Anna" sort="Neumann, Anna" uniqKey="Neumann A" first="Anna" last="Neumann">Anna Neumann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum wagnerstibbe für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathologie GmbH, Hannover, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum wagnerstibbe für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathologie GmbH, Hannover</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region>
<settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ostrbenk, Anja" sort="Ostrbenk, Anja" uniqKey="Ostrbenk A" first="Anja" last="Oštrbenk">Anja Oštrbenk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Picconi, Maria Alejandra" sort="Picconi, Maria Alejandra" uniqKey="Picconi M" first="Maria Alejandra" last="Picconi">Maria Alejandra Picconi</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oncogenic Viruses Service, National Institute of Infectious Diseases-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Richardson, Harriet" sort="Richardson, Harriet" uniqKey="Richardson H" first="Harriet" last="Richardson">Harriet Richardson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sagadin, Martin" sort="Sagadin, Martin" uniqKey="Sagadin M" first="Martin" last="Sagadin">Martin Sagadin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sahli, Roland" sort="Sahli, Roland" uniqKey="Sahli R" first="Roland" last="Sahli">Roland Sahli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seedat, Riaz Y" sort="Seedat, Riaz Y" uniqKey="Seedat R" first="Riaz Y." last="Seedat">Riaz Y. Seedat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bloemfontein</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seme, Katja" sort="Seme, Katja" uniqKey="Seme K" first="Katja" last="Seme">Katja Seme</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Severini, Alberto" sort="Severini, Alberto" uniqKey="Severini A" first="Alberto" last="Severini">Alberto Severini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Manitoba</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sinchi, Jessica L" sort="Sinchi, Jessica L" uniqKey="Sinchi J" first="Jessica L." last="Sinchi">Jessica L. Sinchi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Histocompatibility and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Julio C. Perrando Hospital, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Histocompatibility and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Julio C. Perrando Hospital, Resistencia, Chaco</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chaco</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smahelova, Jana" sort="Smahelova, Jana" uniqKey="Smahelova J" first="Jana" last="Smahelova">Jana Smahelova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff23">Department of Experimental Virology, National Reference Laboratory for Papillomaviruses, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Experimental Virology, National Reference Laboratory for Papillomaviruses, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Prague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Bohême centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tabrizi, Sepehr N" sort="Tabrizi, Sepehr N" uniqKey="Tabrizi S" first="Sepehr N." last="Tabrizi">Sepehr N. Tabrizi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tachezy, Ruth" sort="Tachezy, Ruth" uniqKey="Tachezy R" first="Ruth" last="Tachezy">Ruth Tachezy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff23">Department of Experimental Virology, National Reference Laboratory for Papillomaviruses, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Experimental Virology, National Reference Laboratory for Papillomaviruses, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Prague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Bohême centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tohme, Sarah" sort="Tohme, Sarah" uniqKey="Tohme S" first="Sarah" last="Tohme">Sarah Tohme</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Manitoba</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uloza, Virgilijus" sort="Uloza, Virgilijus" uniqKey="Uloza V" first="Virgilijus" last="Uloza">Virgilijus Uloza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24">Department of Otolaryngology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Kaunas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kaunas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vitkauskiene, Astra" sort="Vitkauskiene, Astra" uniqKey="Vitkauskiene A" first="Astra" last="Vitkauskiene">Astra Vitkauskiene</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25">Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Kaunas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kaunas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wong, Yong Wee" sort="Wong, Yong Wee" uniqKey="Wong Y" first="Yong Wee" last="Wong">Yong Wee Wong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">DNA Laboratories Sdn. Bhd., UKM-MTDC Technology Centre, Universti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>DNA Laboratories Sdn. Bhd., UKM-MTDC Technology Centre, Universti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bangi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zidovec Lepej, Snjezana" sort="Zidovec Lepej, Snjezana" uniqKey="Zidovec Lepej S" first="Snježana" last="Židovec Lepej">Snježana Židovec Lepej</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27">Department of Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Dr. Fran Mihaljević, Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Dr. Fran Mihaljević, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burk, Robert D" sort="Burk, Robert D" uniqKey="Burk R" first="Robert D." last="Burk">Robert D. Burk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Epidemiology and Population Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Epidemiology and Population Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poljak, Mario" sort="Poljak, Mario" uniqKey="Poljak M" first="Mario" last="Poljak">Mario Poljak</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
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<idno type="pmid">24741079</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4054425</idno>
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<idno type="doi">10.1128/JVI.00621-14</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Global Genomic Diversity of Human Papillomavirus 6 Based on 724 Isolates and 190 Complete Genome Sequences</title>
<author><name sortKey="Jelen, Mateja M" sort="Jelen, Mateja M" uniqKey="Jelen M" first="Mateja M." last="Jelen">Mateja M. Jelen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Zigui" sort="Chen, Zigui" uniqKey="Chen Z" first="Zigui" last="Chen">Zigui Chen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kocjan, Bostjan J" sort="Kocjan, Bostjan J" uniqKey="Kocjan B" first="Boštjan J." last="Kocjan">Boštjan J. Kocjan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burt, Felicity J" sort="Burt, Felicity J" uniqKey="Burt F" first="Felicity J." last="Burt">Felicity J. Burt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bloemfontein</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Paul K S" sort="Chan, Paul K S" uniqKey="Chan P" first="Paul K. S." last="Chan">Paul K. S. Chan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université chinoise de Hong Kong</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sha Tin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chouhy, Diego" sort="Chouhy, Diego" uniqKey="Chouhy D" first="Diego" last="Chouhy">Diego Chouhy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Human Virology Group, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Human Virology Group, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology of Rosario, Rosario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Rosario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Combrinck, Catharina E" sort="Combrinck, Catharina E" uniqKey="Combrinck C" first="Catharina E." last="Combrinck">Catharina E. Combrinck</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bloemfontein</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coutlee, Francois" sort="Coutlee, Francois" uniqKey="Coutlee F" first="François" last="Coutlée">François Coutlée</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame-Pavillon Deschamps, Montréal, Québec, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame-Pavillon Deschamps, Montréal, Québec</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Québec</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Estrade, Christine" sort="Estrade, Christine" uniqKey="Estrade C" first="Christine" last="Estrade">Christine Estrade</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferenczy, Alex" sort="Ferenczy, Alex" uniqKey="Ferenczy A" first="Alex" last="Ferenczy">Alex Ferenczy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Pathology, McGill University and Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, McGill University and Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Québec</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fiander, Alison" sort="Fiander, Alison" uniqKey="Fiander A" first="Alison" last="Fiander">Alison Fiander</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cardiff</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franco, Eduardo L" sort="Franco, Eduardo L" uniqKey="Franco E" first="Eduardo L." last="Franco">Eduardo L. Franco</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université McGill</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement>
<region type="state">Québec</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garland, Suzanne M" sort="Garland, Suzanne M" uniqKey="Garland S" first="Suzanne M." last="Garland">Suzanne M. Garland</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giri, Adriana A" sort="Giri, Adriana A" uniqKey="Giri A" first="Adriana A." last="Giri">Adriana A. Giri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Human Virology Group, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Human Virology Group, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology of Rosario, Rosario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Rosario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, Joaquin Victor" sort="Gonzalez, Joaquin Victor" uniqKey="Gonzalez J" first="Joaquín Víctor" last="González">Joaquín Víctor González</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Oncogenic Viruses Service, National Institute of Infectious Diseases-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oncogenic Viruses Service, National Institute of Infectious Diseases-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Groning, Arndt" sort="Groning, Arndt" uniqKey="Groning A" first="Arndt" last="Gröning">Arndt Gröning</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum wagnerstibbe für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathologie GmbH, Hannover, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum wagnerstibbe für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathologie GmbH, Hannover</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region>
<settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heidrich, Kerstin" sort="Heidrich, Kerstin" uniqKey="Heidrich K" first="Kerstin" last="Heidrich">Kerstin Heidrich</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum wagnerstibbe für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathologie GmbH, Hannover, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum wagnerstibbe für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathologie GmbH, Hannover</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region>
<settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hibbitts, Sam" sort="Hibbitts, Sam" uniqKey="Hibbitts S" first="Sam" last="Hibbitts">Sam Hibbitts</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cardiff</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hosnjak, Lea" sort="Hosnjak, Lea" uniqKey="Hosnjak L" first="Lea" last="Hošnjak">Lea Hošnjak</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luk, Tommy N M" sort="Luk, Tommy N M" uniqKey="Luk T" first="Tommy N. M." last="Luk">Tommy N. M. Luk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Dermatology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dermatology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université chinoise de Hong Kong</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sha Tin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Department of Health, Social Hygiene Service, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Health, Social Hygiene Service, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marinic, Karina" sort="Marinic, Karina" uniqKey="Marinic K" first="Karina" last="Marinic">Karina Marinic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Histocompatibility and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Julio C. Perrando Hospital, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Histocompatibility and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Julio C. Perrando Hospital, Resistencia, Chaco</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chaco</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matsukura, Toshihiko" sort="Matsukura, Toshihiko" uniqKey="Matsukura T" first="Toshihiko" last="Matsukura">Toshihiko Matsukura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19">Ganshintetsu Memorial Laboratory, Department of Virology II, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ganshintetsu Memorial Laboratory, Department of Virology II, National Institute of Health, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neumann, Anna" sort="Neumann, Anna" uniqKey="Neumann A" first="Anna" last="Neumann">Anna Neumann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum wagnerstibbe für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathologie GmbH, Hannover, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum wagnerstibbe für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathologie GmbH, Hannover</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region>
<settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ostrbenk, Anja" sort="Ostrbenk, Anja" uniqKey="Ostrbenk A" first="Anja" last="Oštrbenk">Anja Oštrbenk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Picconi, Maria Alejandra" sort="Picconi, Maria Alejandra" uniqKey="Picconi M" first="Maria Alejandra" last="Picconi">Maria Alejandra Picconi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Oncogenic Viruses Service, National Institute of Infectious Diseases-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oncogenic Viruses Service, National Institute of Infectious Diseases-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Richardson, Harriet" sort="Richardson, Harriet" uniqKey="Richardson H" first="Harriet" last="Richardson">Harriet Richardson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sagadin, Martin" sort="Sagadin, Martin" uniqKey="Sagadin M" first="Martin" last="Sagadin">Martin Sagadin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sahli, Roland" sort="Sahli, Roland" uniqKey="Sahli R" first="Roland" last="Sahli">Roland Sahli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seedat, Riaz Y" sort="Seedat, Riaz Y" uniqKey="Seedat R" first="Riaz Y." last="Seedat">Riaz Y. Seedat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bloemfontein</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seme, Katja" sort="Seme, Katja" uniqKey="Seme K" first="Katja" last="Seme">Katja Seme</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Severini, Alberto" sort="Severini, Alberto" uniqKey="Severini A" first="Alberto" last="Severini">Alberto Severini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Manitoba</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sinchi, Jessica L" sort="Sinchi, Jessica L" uniqKey="Sinchi J" first="Jessica L." last="Sinchi">Jessica L. Sinchi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Histocompatibility and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Julio C. Perrando Hospital, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Histocompatibility and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Julio C. Perrando Hospital, Resistencia, Chaco</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chaco</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smahelova, Jana" sort="Smahelova, Jana" uniqKey="Smahelova J" first="Jana" last="Smahelova">Jana Smahelova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff23">Department of Experimental Virology, National Reference Laboratory for Papillomaviruses, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Experimental Virology, National Reference Laboratory for Papillomaviruses, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Prague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Bohême centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tabrizi, Sepehr N" sort="Tabrizi, Sepehr N" uniqKey="Tabrizi S" first="Sepehr N." last="Tabrizi">Sepehr N. Tabrizi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tachezy, Ruth" sort="Tachezy, Ruth" uniqKey="Tachezy R" first="Ruth" last="Tachezy">Ruth Tachezy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff23">Department of Experimental Virology, National Reference Laboratory for Papillomaviruses, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Experimental Virology, National Reference Laboratory for Papillomaviruses, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Prague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Bohême centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tohme, Sarah" sort="Tohme, Sarah" uniqKey="Tohme S" first="Sarah" last="Tohme">Sarah Tohme</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Manitoba</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uloza, Virgilijus" sort="Uloza, Virgilijus" uniqKey="Uloza V" first="Virgilijus" last="Uloza">Virgilijus Uloza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24">Department of Otolaryngology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Kaunas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kaunas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vitkauskiene, Astra" sort="Vitkauskiene, Astra" uniqKey="Vitkauskiene A" first="Astra" last="Vitkauskiene">Astra Vitkauskiene</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25">Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Kaunas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kaunas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wong, Yong Wee" sort="Wong, Yong Wee" uniqKey="Wong Y" first="Yong Wee" last="Wong">Yong Wee Wong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">DNA Laboratories Sdn. Bhd., UKM-MTDC Technology Centre, Universti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>DNA Laboratories Sdn. Bhd., UKM-MTDC Technology Centre, Universti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bangi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zidovec Lepej, Snjezana" sort="Zidovec Lepej, Snjezana" uniqKey="Zidovec Lepej S" first="Snježana" last="Židovec Lepej">Snježana Židovec Lepej</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27">Department of Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Dr. Fran Mihaljević, Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Dr. Fran Mihaljević, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burk, Robert D" sort="Burk, Robert D" uniqKey="Burk R" first="Robert D." last="Burk">Robert D. Burk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Epidemiology and Population Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Epidemiology and Population Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poljak, Mario" sort="Poljak, Mario" uniqKey="Poljak M" first="Mario" last="Poljak">Mario Poljak</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of Virology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-538X</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1098-5514</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
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</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>Human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV6) is the major etiological agent of anogenital warts and laryngeal papillomas and has been included in both the quadrivalent and nonavalent prophylactic HPV vaccines. This study investigated the global genomic diversity of HPV6, using 724 isolates and 190 complete genomes from six continents, and the association of HPV6 genomic variants with geographical location, anatomical site of infection/disease, and gender. Initially, a 2,800-bp E5a-E5b-L1-LCR fragment was sequenced from 492/530 (92.8%) HPV6-positive samples collected for this study. Among them, 130 exhibited at least one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), indel, or amino acid change in the E5a-E5b-L1-LCR fragment and were sequenced in full. A global alignment and maximum likelihood tree of 190 complete HPV6 genomes (130 fully sequenced in this study and 60 obtained from sequence repositories) revealed two variant lineages, A and B, and five B sublineages: B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5. HPV6 (sub)lineage-specific SNPs and a 960-bp representative region for whole-genome-based phylogenetic clustering within the L2 open reading frame were identified. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that lineage B predominated globally. Sublineage B3 was more common in Africa and North and South America, and lineage A was more common in Asia. Sublineages B1 and B3 were associated with anogenital infections, indicating a potential lesion-specific predilection of some HPV6 sublineages. Females had higher odds for infection with sublineage B3 than males. In conclusion, a global HPV6 phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of two variant lineages and five sublineages, showing some degree of ethnogeographic, gender, and/or disease predilection in their distribution.</p>
<p><bold>IMPORTANCE</bold>
This study established the largest database of globally circulating HPV6 genomic variants and contributed a total of 130 new, complete HPV6 genome sequences to available sequence repositories. Two HPV6 variant lineages and five sublineages were identified and showed some degree of association with geographical location, anatomical site of infection/disease, and/or gender. We additionally identified several HPV6 lineage- and sublineage-specific SNPs to facilitate the identification of HPV6 variants and determined a representative region within the L2 gene that is suitable for HPV6 whole-genome-based phylogenetic analysis. This study complements and significantly expands the current knowledge of HPV6 genetic diversity and forms a comprehensive basis for future epidemiological, evolutionary, functional, pathogenicity, vaccination, and molecular assay development studies.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</record>
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