Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control.
Identifieur interne : 000021 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000020; suivant : 000022Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control.
Auteurs : Zhenyu Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Jingwu Ge [République populaire de Chine] ; Meiling Yang [République populaire de Chine] ; Jianping Feng [République populaire de Chine] ; Mei Qiao [République populaire de Chine] ; Riyue Jiang [République populaire de Chine] ; Jiangjiang Bi [République populaire de Chine] ; Gaofeng Zhan [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiaolin Xu [République populaire de Chine] ; Long Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Qin Zhou [République populaire de Chine] ; Chenliang Zhou [République populaire de Chine] ; Yinbing Pan [République populaire de Chine] ; Shijiang Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Haiwei Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Jianjun Yang [République populaire de Chine] ; Bin Zhu [République populaire de Chine] ; Yimin Hu [République populaire de Chine] ; Kenji Hashimoto [Japon] ; Yan Jia [République populaire de Chine] ; Haofei Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Rong Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Cunming Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Chun Yang [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Brain, behavior, and immunity [ 1090-2139 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Since December 2019, more than 79,000 people have been diagnosed with infection of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). A large number of medical staff was sent to Wuhan city and Hubei province to aid COVID-19 control. Psychological stress, especially vicarious traumatization caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, should not be ignored. To address this concern, the study employed a total of 214 general public and 526 nurses (i.e., 234 front-line nurses and 292 non-front-line nurses) to evaluate vicarious traumatization scores via a mobile app-based questionnaire. Front-line nurses are engaged in the process of providing care for patients with COVID-19. The results showed that the vicarious traumatization scores for front-line nurses including scores for physiological and psychological responses, were significantly lower than those of non-front-line nurses (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the vicarious traumatization scores of the general public were significantly higher than those of the front-line nurses (P < 0.001); however, no statistical difference was observed compared to the scores of non-front-line nurses (P > 0.05). Therefore, increased attention should be paid to the psychological problems of the medical staff, especially non-front-line nurses, and general public under the situation of the spread and control of COVID-19. Early strategies that aim to prevent and treat vicarious traumatization in medical staff and general public are extremely necessary.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.007
PubMed: 32169498
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<author><name sortKey="Bi, Jiangjiang" sort="Bi, Jiangjiang" uniqKey="Bi J" first="Jiangjiang" last="Bi">Jiangjiang Bi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhan, Gaofeng" sort="Zhan, Gaofeng" uniqKey="Zhan G" first="Gaofeng" last="Zhan">Gaofeng Zhan</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Wang, Long" sort="Wang, Long" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Long" last="Wang">Long Wang</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Chenliang" sort="Zhou, Chenliang" uniqKey="Zhou C" first="Chenliang" last="Zhou">Chenliang Zhou</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Jia, Yan" sort="Jia, Yan" uniqKey="Jia Y" first="Yan" last="Jia">Yan Jia</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Wang, Haofei" sort="Wang, Haofei" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Haofei" last="Wang">Haofei Wang</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Wang, Rong" sort="Wang, Rong" uniqKey="Wang R" first="Rong" last="Wang">Rong Wang</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Liu, Cunming" sort="Liu, Cunming" uniqKey="Liu C" first="Cunming" last="Liu">Cunming Liu</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Yang, Chun" sort="Yang, Chun" uniqKey="Yang C" first="Chun" last="Yang">Chun Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. Electronic address: chunyang@njmu.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Ge, Jingwu" sort="Ge, Jingwu" uniqKey="Ge J" first="Jingwu" last="Ge">Jingwu Ge</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Qiao, Mei" sort="Qiao, Mei" uniqKey="Qiao M" first="Mei" last="Qiao">Mei Qiao</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Jiang, Riyue" sort="Jiang, Riyue" uniqKey="Jiang R" first="Riyue" last="Jiang">Riyue Jiang</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bi, Jiangjiang" sort="Bi, Jiangjiang" uniqKey="Bi J" first="Jiangjiang" last="Bi">Jiangjiang Bi</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430030</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement>
<region type="région">Hubei</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhan, Gaofeng" sort="Zhan, Gaofeng" uniqKey="Zhan G" first="Gaofeng" last="Zhan">Gaofeng Zhan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430030</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement>
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<author><name sortKey="Xu, Xiaolin" sort="Xu, Xiaolin" uniqKey="Xu X" first="Xiaolin" last="Xu">Xiaolin Xu</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430030</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement>
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<author><name sortKey="Wang, Long" sort="Wang, Long" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Long" last="Wang">Long Wang</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Qin" sort="Zhou, Qin" uniqKey="Zhou Q" first="Qin" last="Zhou">Qin Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement>
<region type="région">Hubei</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Chenliang" sort="Zhou, Chenliang" uniqKey="Zhou C" first="Chenliang" last="Zhou">Chenliang Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement>
<region type="région">Hubei</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pan, Yinbing" sort="Pan, Yinbing" uniqKey="Pan Y" first="Yinbing" last="Pan">Yinbing Pan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Shijiang" sort="Liu, Shijiang" uniqKey="Liu S" first="Shijiang" last="Liu">Shijiang Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Haiwei" sort="Zhang, Haiwei" uniqKey="Zhang H" first="Haiwei" last="Zhang">Haiwei Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Jianjun" sort="Yang, Jianjun" uniqKey="Yang J" first="Jianjun" last="Yang">Jianjun Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Zhengzhou 450052</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, Bin" sort="Zhu, Bin" uniqKey="Zhu B" first="Bin" last="Zhu">Bin Zhu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, Yimin" sort="Hu, Yimin" uniqKey="Hu Y" first="Yimin" last="Hu">Yimin Hu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Changzhou 213000</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hashimoto, Kenji" sort="Hashimoto, Kenji" uniqKey="Hashimoto K" first="Kenji" last="Hashimoto">Kenji Hashimoto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chiba 260-8670</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jia, Yan" sort="Jia, Yan" uniqKey="Jia Y" first="Yan" last="Jia">Yan Jia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Haofei" sort="Wang, Haofei" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Haofei" last="Wang">Haofei Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Rong" sort="Wang, Rong" uniqKey="Wang R" first="Rong" last="Wang">Rong Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. Electronic address: wangrong_nj@163.com.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Cunming" sort="Liu, Cunming" uniqKey="Liu C" first="Cunming" last="Liu">Cunming Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. Electronic address: mingliu870@sohu.com.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Chun" sort="Yang, Chun" uniqKey="Yang C" first="Chun" last="Yang">Chun Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. Electronic address: chunyang@njmu.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210029</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Brain, behavior, and immunity</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1090-2139</idno>
<imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date>
</imprint>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Since December 2019, more than 79,000 people have been diagnosed with infection of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). A large number of medical staff was sent to Wuhan city and Hubei province to aid COVID-19 control. Psychological stress, especially vicarious traumatization caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, should not be ignored. To address this concern, the study employed a total of 214 general public and 526 nurses (i.e., 234 front-line nurses and 292 non-front-line nurses) to evaluate vicarious traumatization scores via a mobile app-based questionnaire. Front-line nurses are engaged in the process of providing care for patients with COVID-19. The results showed that the vicarious traumatization scores for front-line nurses including scores for physiological and psychological responses, were significantly lower than those of non-front-line nurses (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the vicarious traumatization scores of the general public were significantly higher than those of the front-line nurses (P < 0.001); however, no statistical difference was observed compared to the scores of non-front-line nurses (P > 0.05). Therefore, increased attention should be paid to the psychological problems of the medical staff, especially non-front-line nurses, and general public under the situation of the spread and control of COVID-19. Early strategies that aim to prevent and treat vicarious traumatization in medical staff and general public are extremely necessary.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32169498</PMID>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>01</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1090-2139</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>Mar</Month>
<Day>10</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Brain, behavior, and immunity</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Brain Behav. Immun.</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control.</ArticleTitle>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0889-1591(20)30309-3</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.007</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>Since December 2019, more than 79,000 people have been diagnosed with infection of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). A large number of medical staff was sent to Wuhan city and Hubei province to aid COVID-19 control. Psychological stress, especially vicarious traumatization caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, should not be ignored. To address this concern, the study employed a total of 214 general public and 526 nurses (i.e., 234 front-line nurses and 292 non-front-line nurses) to evaluate vicarious traumatization scores via a mobile app-based questionnaire. Front-line nurses are engaged in the process of providing care for patients with COVID-19. The results showed that the vicarious traumatization scores for front-line nurses including scores for physiological and psychological responses, were significantly lower than those of non-front-line nurses (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the vicarious traumatization scores of the general public were significantly higher than those of the front-line nurses (P < 0.001); however, no statistical difference was observed compared to the scores of non-front-line nurses (P > 0.05). Therefore, increased attention should be paid to the psychological problems of the medical staff, especially non-front-line nurses, and general public under the situation of the spread and control of COVID-19. Early strategies that aim to prevent and treat vicarious traumatization in medical staff and general public are extremely necessary.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName>
<ForeName>Zhenyu</ForeName>
<Initials>Z</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ge</LastName>
<ForeName>Jingwu</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName>
<ForeName>Meiling</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feng</LastName>
<ForeName>Jianping</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Qiao</LastName>
<ForeName>Mei</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jiang</LastName>
<ForeName>Riyue</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bi</LastName>
<ForeName>Jiangjiang</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430030, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhan</LastName>
<ForeName>Gaofeng</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430030, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xu</LastName>
<ForeName>Xiaolin</ForeName>
<Initials>X</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430030, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName>
<ForeName>Long</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhou</LastName>
<ForeName>Qin</ForeName>
<Initials>Q</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhou</LastName>
<ForeName>Chenliang</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pan</LastName>
<ForeName>Yinbing</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName>
<ForeName>Shijiang</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName>
<ForeName>Haiwei</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName>
<ForeName>Jianjun</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhu</LastName>
<ForeName>Bin</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hu</LastName>
<ForeName>Yimin</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hashimoto</LastName>
<ForeName>Kenji</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jia</LastName>
<ForeName>Yan</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName>
<ForeName>Haofei</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName>
<ForeName>Rong</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. Electronic address: wangrong_nj@163.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName>
<ForeName>Cunming</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. Electronic address: mingliu870@sohu.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName>
<ForeName>Chun</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. Electronic address: chunyang@njmu.edu.cn.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>10</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country>
<MedlineTA>Brain Behav Immun</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>8800478</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0889-1591</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Front-line nurses</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">General public</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Non-front-line nurses</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Vicarious traumatization</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
<CoiStatement>Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</CoiStatement>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>07</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>09</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>09</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>3</Month>
<Day>15</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>3</Month>
<Day>15</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>3</Month>
<Day>15</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
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<PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus>
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<ArticleId IdType="pii">S0889-1591(20)30309-3</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.007</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7102670</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
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<affiliations><list><country><li>Japon</li>
<li>République populaire de Chine</li>
</country>
<region><li>Hubei</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Wuhan</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Li, Zhenyu" sort="Li, Zhenyu" uniqKey="Li Z" first="Zhenyu" last="Li">Zhenyu Li</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bi, Jiangjiang" sort="Bi, Jiangjiang" uniqKey="Bi J" first="Jiangjiang" last="Bi">Jiangjiang Bi</name>
<name sortKey="Feng, Jianping" sort="Feng, Jianping" uniqKey="Feng J" first="Jianping" last="Feng">Jianping Feng</name>
<name sortKey="Ge, Jingwu" sort="Ge, Jingwu" uniqKey="Ge J" first="Jingwu" last="Ge">Jingwu Ge</name>
<name sortKey="Hu, Yimin" sort="Hu, Yimin" uniqKey="Hu Y" first="Yimin" last="Hu">Yimin Hu</name>
<name sortKey="Jia, Yan" sort="Jia, Yan" uniqKey="Jia Y" first="Yan" last="Jia">Yan Jia</name>
<name sortKey="Jiang, Riyue" sort="Jiang, Riyue" uniqKey="Jiang R" first="Riyue" last="Jiang">Riyue Jiang</name>
<name sortKey="Liu, Cunming" sort="Liu, Cunming" uniqKey="Liu C" first="Cunming" last="Liu">Cunming Liu</name>
<name sortKey="Liu, Shijiang" sort="Liu, Shijiang" uniqKey="Liu S" first="Shijiang" last="Liu">Shijiang Liu</name>
<name sortKey="Pan, Yinbing" sort="Pan, Yinbing" uniqKey="Pan Y" first="Yinbing" last="Pan">Yinbing Pan</name>
<name sortKey="Qiao, Mei" sort="Qiao, Mei" uniqKey="Qiao M" first="Mei" last="Qiao">Mei Qiao</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Haofei" sort="Wang, Haofei" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Haofei" last="Wang">Haofei Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Long" sort="Wang, Long" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Long" last="Wang">Long Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Rong" sort="Wang, Rong" uniqKey="Wang R" first="Rong" last="Wang">Rong Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Xu, Xiaolin" sort="Xu, Xiaolin" uniqKey="Xu X" first="Xiaolin" last="Xu">Xiaolin Xu</name>
<name sortKey="Yang, Chun" sort="Yang, Chun" uniqKey="Yang C" first="Chun" last="Yang">Chun Yang</name>
<name sortKey="Yang, Jianjun" sort="Yang, Jianjun" uniqKey="Yang J" first="Jianjun" last="Yang">Jianjun Yang</name>
<name sortKey="Yang, Meiling" sort="Yang, Meiling" uniqKey="Yang M" first="Meiling" last="Yang">Meiling Yang</name>
<name sortKey="Zhan, Gaofeng" sort="Zhan, Gaofeng" uniqKey="Zhan G" first="Gaofeng" last="Zhan">Gaofeng Zhan</name>
<name sortKey="Zhang, Haiwei" sort="Zhang, Haiwei" uniqKey="Zhang H" first="Haiwei" last="Zhang">Haiwei Zhang</name>
<name sortKey="Zhou, Chenliang" sort="Zhou, Chenliang" uniqKey="Zhou C" first="Chenliang" last="Zhou">Chenliang Zhou</name>
<name sortKey="Zhou, Qin" sort="Zhou, Qin" uniqKey="Zhou Q" first="Qin" last="Zhou">Qin Zhou</name>
<name sortKey="Zhu, Bin" sort="Zhu, Bin" uniqKey="Zhu B" first="Bin" last="Zhu">Bin Zhu</name>
</country>
<country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hashimoto, Kenji" sort="Hashimoto, Kenji" uniqKey="Hashimoto K" first="Kenji" last="Hashimoto">Kenji Hashimoto</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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