Influenza and obesity: its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic
Identifieur interne : 000104 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000103; suivant : 000105Influenza and obesity: its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic
Auteurs : Livio Luzi [Italie] ; Maria Grazia Radaelli [Italie]Source :
- Acta Diabetologica [ 0940-5429 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Analyze the relationship between obesity and influenza.
Basal hormone milieu, defective response of both innate and adaptive immune system and sedentariness are major determinants in the severity of influenza viral infection in obese patients. Being overweight not only increases the risk of infection and of complications for the single obese person, but a large prevalence of obese individuals within the population might increase the chance of appearance of more virulent viral strain, prolongs the virus shedding throughout the total population and eventually might increase overall mortality rate of an influenza pandemic.
Waiting for the development of a vaccination against COVID-19, isolation of positive cases and social distancing are the primary interventions. Nonetheless, evidence from previous influenza pandemics suggests the following interventions aimed at improving immune response: (1) lose weight with a mild caloric restriction; (2) include AMPK activators and PPAR gamma activators in the drug treatment for obesity associated with diabetes; and (3) practice mild-to-moderate physical exercise.
Due to prolonged viral shedding, quarantine in obese subjects should likely be longer than normal weight individuals.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01522-8
PubMed: 32249357
PubMed Central: 7130453
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institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1784 7240</institution-id><institution>Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases,</institution><institution>IRCCS MultiMedica,</institution></institution-wrap>Milan, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Milan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4708.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1757 2822</institution-id><institution>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Health,</institution><institution>Università degli Studi di Milano,</institution></institution-wrap>Milan, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Milan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Radaelli, Maria Grazia" sort="Radaelli, Maria Grazia" uniqKey="Radaelli M" first="Maria Grazia" last="Radaelli">Maria Grazia Radaelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.420421.1</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1784 7240</institution-id><institution>Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases,</institution><institution>IRCCS MultiMedica,</institution></institution-wrap>Milan, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Milan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Acta Diabetologica</title><idno type="ISSN">0940-5429</idno><idno type="eISSN">1432-5233</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Analyze the relationship between obesity and influenza.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Basal hormone milieu, defective response of both innate and adaptive immune system and sedentariness are major determinants in the severity of influenza viral infection in obese patients. Being overweight not only increases the risk of infection and of complications for the single obese person, but a large prevalence of obese individuals within the population might increase the chance of appearance of more virulent viral strain, prolongs the virus shedding throughout the total population and eventually might increase overall mortality rate of an influenza pandemic.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Waiting for the development of a vaccination against COVID-19, isolation of positive cases and social distancing are the primary interventions. Nonetheless, evidence from previous influenza pandemics suggests the following interventions aimed at improving immune response: (1) lose weight with a mild caloric restriction; (2) include AMPK activators and PPAR gamma activators in the drug treatment for obesity associated with diabetes; and (3) practice mild-to-moderate physical exercise.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p id="Par1">Due to prolonged viral shedding, quarantine in obese subjects should likely be longer than normal weight individuals.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Short, Kr" uniqKey="Short K">KR Short</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kedziereska, K" uniqKey="Kedziereska K">K Kedziereska</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van De Sandt, Ce" uniqKey="Van De Sandt C">CE van de Sandt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, L" uniqKey="Yang L">L Yang</name></author><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Acta Diabetol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Acta Diabetol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Acta Diabetologica</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0940-5429</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1432-5233</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Springer Milan</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Milan</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32249357</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7130453</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1522</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00592-020-01522-8</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Perspectives</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Influenza and obesity: its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Luzi</surname><given-names>Livio</given-names></name><address><email>livio.luzi@multimedica.it</email><email>livio.luzi@unimi.it</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Radaelli</surname><given-names>Maria Grazia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.420421.1</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1784 7240</institution-id><institution>Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases,</institution><institution>IRCCS MultiMedica,</institution></institution-wrap>Milan, Italy</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4708.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1757 2822</institution-id><institution>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Health,</institution><institution>Università degli Studi di Milano,</institution></institution-wrap>Milan, Italy</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><fn fn-type="com"><p>Managed By Antonio Secchi.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>5</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>6</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>18</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., part of Springer Nature 2020</copyright-statement><license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Analyze the relationship between obesity and influenza.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Basal hormone milieu, defective response of both innate and adaptive immune system and sedentariness are major determinants in the severity of influenza viral infection in obese patients. Being overweight not only increases the risk of infection and of complications for the single obese person, but a large prevalence of obese individuals within the population might increase the chance of appearance of more virulent viral strain, prolongs the virus shedding throughout the total population and eventually might increase overall mortality rate of an influenza pandemic.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Waiting for the development of a vaccination against COVID-19, isolation of positive cases and social distancing are the primary interventions. Nonetheless, evidence from previous influenza pandemics suggests the following interventions aimed at improving immune response: (1) lose weight with a mild caloric restriction; (2) include AMPK activators and PPAR gamma activators in the drug treatment for obesity associated with diabetes; and (3) practice mild-to-moderate physical exercise.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p id="Par1">Due to prolonged viral shedding, quarantine in obese subjects should likely be longer than normal weight individuals.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Obese subjects</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>Influenza</kwd><kwd>Immune-modulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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