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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Timely blood glucose management for the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is urgently needed</title><author><name sortKey="Wang, Aihong" sort="Wang, Aihong" uniqKey="Wang A" first="Aihong" last="Wang">Aihong Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af005">Department of Endocrinology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of PLA), Beijing, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Weibo" sort="Zhao, Weibo" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Weibo" last="Zhao">Weibo Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af005">Department of Endocrinology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of PLA), Beijing, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Zhangrong" sort="Xu, Zhangrong" uniqKey="Xu Z" first="Zhangrong" last="Xu">Zhangrong Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af005">Department of Endocrinology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of PLA), Beijing, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, Jianwen" sort="Gu, Jianwen" uniqKey="Gu J" first="Jianwen" last="Gu">Jianwen Gu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af010">Prevention and Control Group of COVID-19, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32179126</idno><idno type="pmc">7102524</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102524</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7102524</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108118</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000644</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000644</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Timely blood glucose management for the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is urgently needed</title><author><name sortKey="Wang, Aihong" sort="Wang, Aihong" uniqKey="Wang A" first="Aihong" last="Wang">Aihong Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af005">Department of Endocrinology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of PLA), Beijing, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Weibo" sort="Zhao, Weibo" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Weibo" last="Zhao">Weibo Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af005">Department of Endocrinology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of PLA), Beijing, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Zhangrong" sort="Xu, Zhangrong" uniqKey="Xu Z" first="Zhangrong" last="Xu">Zhangrong Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af005">Department of Endocrinology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of PLA), Beijing, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, Jianwen" sort="Gu, Jianwen" uniqKey="Gu J" first="Jianwen" last="Gu">Jianwen Gu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af010">Prevention and Control Group of COVID-19, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice</title><idno type="ISSN">0168-8227</idno><idno type="eISSN">1872-8227</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, D" uniqKey="Wang D">D. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, B" uniqKey="Hu B">B. Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, C" uniqKey="Hu C">C. Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, F" uniqKey="Zhu F">F. Zhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, X" uniqKey="Liu X">X. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, J" uniqKey="Zhang J">J. Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, N" uniqKey="Chen N">N. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, M" uniqKey="Zhou M">M. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, X" uniqKey="Dong X">X. Dong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qu, J" uniqKey="Qu J">J. Qu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gong, F" uniqKey="Gong F">F. Gong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Y" uniqKey="Han Y">Y. Han</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huang, C" uniqKey="Huang C">C. Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, X" uniqKey="Li X">X. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, L" uniqKey="Ren L">L. Ren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J" uniqKey="Zhao J">J. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Y" uniqKey="Hu Y">Y. Hu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, J J D X" uniqKey="Zhang J">J.J.D.X. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, Y Y" uniqKey="Cao Y">Y.Y. Cao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, Y D" uniqKey="Yuan Y">Y.D. Yuan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Y B" uniqKey="Yang Y">Y.B. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Y Q" uniqKey="Yan Y">Y.Q. Yan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akdis, C A" uniqKey="Akdis C">C.A. Akdis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Song, F" uniqKey="Song F">F. Song</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, N" uniqKey="Shi N">N. Shi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shan, F" uniqKey="Shan F">F. Shan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Z" uniqKey="Zhang Z">Z. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shen, J" uniqKey="Shen J">J. Shen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, H" uniqKey="Lu H">H. Lu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Diabetes Res Clin Pract</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0168-8227</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1872-8227</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier B.V.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32179126</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7102524</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0168-8227(20)30368-5</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108118</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">108118</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Timely blood glucose management for the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is urgently needed</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au005"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Aihong</given-names></name><email>wah306@sohu.com</email><xref rid="af005" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">⁎</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au010"><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Weibo</given-names></name><xref rid="af005" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au015"><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>Zhangrong</given-names></name><xref rid="af005" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au020"><name><surname>Gu</surname><given-names>Jianwen</given-names></name><email>gujianwen5000@sina.com</email><xref rid="af010" ref-type="aff">b</xref><xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">⁎</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af005"><label>a</label>Department of Endocrinology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of PLA), Beijing, China</aff><aff id="af010"><label>b</label>Prevention and Control Group of COVID-19, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>⁎</label>Corresponding authors at: Department of Endocrinology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of PLA), Beijing 100101, China (A. Wang). Prevention and Control Group of COVID-19, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China (J. Gu). <email>wah306@sohu.com</email><email>gujianwen5000@sina.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>13</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>162</volume><fpage>108118</fpage><lpage>108118</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>4</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>6</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Elsevier B.V.</copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions></article-meta></front><body><p id="p0005">Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was emerged in Wuhan, China. Due to sustained human-to-human transmission, the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 results in a formidable outbreak in many cities in China and expanding internationally, including Japan, South Korea and the United States. As of 24 February 2020, this new emerging virus had caused a total of 79,331 confirmed cases with 2618 deaths globally. The population is generally susceptible to this coronavirus, and the elderly and those with certain underlying diseases are more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, including hypertension and diabetes <xref rid="b0005" ref-type="bibr">[1]</xref>, <xref rid="b0010" ref-type="bibr">[2]</xref>. It was reported that the overall proportion of diabetes in COVID-19 was from 5.3% to 20% <xref rid="b0005" ref-type="bibr">[1]</xref>, <xref rid="b0010" ref-type="bibr">[2]</xref>, <xref rid="b0015" ref-type="bibr">[3]</xref>, <xref rid="b0020" ref-type="bibr">[4]</xref>, <xref rid="b0025" ref-type="bibr">[5]</xref>, <xref rid="b0030" ref-type="bibr">[6]</xref>. Due to compromised innate immune response, diabetic patients exist increased susceptibility and enhanced disease severity following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, COVID-19 with diabetes has much more potential to progress rapidly with acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock, which may be eventually followed by multiple organ failure. Comorbid diabetes was associated with much more intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Compared with patients who did not receive ICU care, ICU patients with virus infection were more likely to have underlying diabetes (22.2% vs 5.9%) <xref rid="b0005" ref-type="bibr">[1]</xref>. Clinical data shown that the mortality of COVID-19 patients was from 2.3% to 15% <xref rid="b0005" ref-type="bibr">[1]</xref>, <xref rid="b0010" ref-type="bibr">[2]</xref>, <xref rid="b0015" ref-type="bibr">[3]</xref>, <xref rid="b0030" ref-type="bibr">[6]</xref>. Remarkably, presence of diabetes is associated with increased mortality. At this stage, the largest epidemiological investigation in China indicated that the mortality of COVID-19 with diabetes up to 7.3% (80/1102), which is dramatically higher than that of the patients without any comorbidities (0.9%, 133/15,536) <xref rid="b0030" ref-type="bibr">[6]</xref>. Infection of SARS-CoV-2 with diabetes might trigger stress condition and increased secretion of hyperglycemic hormones, such as glucocorticoid and catecholamines, which results in elevated blood glucose, abnormal glucose variability and diabetic complications. Moreover, in order to raise admission capacity of local hospitals, huge amount of Chinese medical personnels went to Wuhan, the epicenter of the outbreak, to battle against this epidemic. However, compared with professional endocrinologists, most of front-line respirologists and critical care specialists in Wuhan may be lack of the concern of blood glucose and insufficient of clinical experience of diabetes therapy, which may lead to blood glucose fluctuation for patients with diabetes. Therefore, timely and standardized blood glucose management for diabetic patients with COVID-19 is urgently needed.</p><p id="p0010">For the COVID-19 patients with diabetes, tailored therapeutic strategy and optimal goal of glucose control should be formulated based on clinical classification, coexisting comorbidities, age and other risk factors. Blood glucose should be controlled for all patients during hospitalization to monitor the progress of illness and avoid aggravation. For critical cases, early identification and timely reduction adverse drug reaction (for instance, glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia) could prevent worse symptoms. During the 4-week follow-up period after discharge, blood glucose homeostasis should be maintained continuously and patients need to avoid infectious diseases due to a lower immune response. Long-term follow-up is still essential for diabetic patients to reduce diabetes-related complications and mortality.</p><p id="p0015">With the aim of preventing person-to-person transmission, a variety of online services of glucose management have been implemented widely for diabetic patients and general population during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. The popularization of Internet and smartphones, as well as emerging fifth generation networks, have ensured endocrinologists to provide remote medical consultation for the patients who are not advised to go to the hospital during the COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, free educational videos and e-books on diabetes self-management and COVID-19 prevention have been provided for the public via WeChat mobile app. To date, these online services and resources have played remarkable roles in the nationwide COVID-19 control in China.</p><sec id="s0005"><title>Funding</title><p id="p0020">This work was funded by <funding-source id="gp005">Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission</funding-source> (Z181100001718027).</p></sec><sec sec-type="COI-statement"><title>Declaration of Competing Interest</title><p id="p0025">The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list id="bi005"><title>References</title><ref id="b0005"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="h0005"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hu</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhu</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China</article-title><source>JAMA</source><volume>2020</volume><year>2019</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="b0010"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="h0010"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Dong</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Qu</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gong</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Han</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study</article-title><source>Lancet</source><volume>395</volume><year>2020</year><fpage>507</fpage><lpage>513</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32007143</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="b0015"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="h0015"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ren</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hu</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China</article-title><source>Lancet</source><volume>395</volume><year>2020</year><fpage>497</fpage><lpage>506</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31986264</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="b0020"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="h0020"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>J.J.D.X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>Y.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yuan</surname><given-names>Y.D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Y.B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yan</surname><given-names>Y.Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Akdis</surname><given-names>C.A.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China</article-title><source>Allergy</source><year>2020</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="b0025"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="h0025"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Song</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shi</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shan</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shen</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lu</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Emerging coronavirus 2019-nCoV pneumonia</article-title><source>Radiology</source><year>2020</year><comment>200274.https://doi: org/10.1148/radiol. 2020200274</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="b0030"><label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" id="h0030">The novel coronavirus pneumonia emergency response epidemiology team. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) —China, 2020. China CDC Weekly. 2020;2:113-22.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list><sec id="s0015" sec-type="supplementary-material"><label>Appendix A</label><title>Supplementary data</title><p id="p0035">The following are the Supplementary data to this article:<supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="m0005"><caption><title>Supplementary data 1</title></caption><media xlink:href="mmc1.xml"></media></supplementary-material></p></sec><fn-group><fn id="s0010" fn-type="supplementary-material"><label>Appendix A</label><p id="p0030">Supplementary data to this article can be found online at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108118" id="ir005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108118</ext-link>.</p></fn></fn-group></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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