Coronavirus (COVID-19), First Indication of Efficacy of Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin in SARS-CoV-2 Infections
Identifieur interne : 000470 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000469; suivant : 000471Coronavirus (COVID-19), First Indication of Efficacy of Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin in SARS-CoV-2 Infections
Auteurs : Hanan Polansky ; Gillad LoriSource :
- International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents [ 0924-8579 ] ; 2020.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105971
PubMed: 32283177
PubMed Central: 7146686
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Coronavirus (COVID-19), First Indication of Efficacy of Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin in SARS-CoV-2 Infections</title><author><name sortKey="Polansky, Hanan" sort="Polansky, Hanan" uniqKey="Polansky H" first="Hanan" last="Polansky">Hanan Polansky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lori, Gillad" sort="Lori, Gillad" uniqKey="Lori G" first="Gillad" last="Lori">Gillad Lori</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32283177</idno><idno type="pmc">7146686</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7146686</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7146686</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105971</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000470</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000470</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Coronavirus (COVID-19), First Indication of Efficacy of Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin in SARS-CoV-2 Infections</title><author><name sortKey="Polansky, Hanan" sort="Polansky, Hanan" uniqKey="Polansky H" first="Hanan" last="Polansky">Hanan Polansky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lori, Gillad" sort="Lori, Gillad" uniqKey="Lori G" first="Gillad" last="Lori">Gillad Lori</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents</title><idno type="ISSN">0924-8579</idno><idno type="eISSN">1872-7913</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lu, R" uniqKey="Lu R">R. Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, X" uniqKey="Zhao X">X. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, J" uniqKey="Li J">J. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niu, P" uniqKey="Niu P">P. Niu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, B" uniqKey="Yang B">B. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, H" uniqKey="Wu H">H. Wu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stoermer, M" uniqKey="Stoermer M">M. Stoermer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Polansky, H" uniqKey="Polansky H">H. Polansky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Itzkovitz, E" uniqKey="Itzkovitz E">E. Itzkovitz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Javaherian, A" uniqKey="Javaherian A">A. Javaherian</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Polansky, H" uniqKey="Polansky H">H. Polansky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Javaherian, A" uniqKey="Javaherian A">A. Javaherian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Itzkovitz, E" uniqKey="Itzkovitz E">E. Itzkovitz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, T Y H" uniqKey="Nguyen T">T.Y.H. Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woo, H J" uniqKey="Woo H">H.J. Woo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, H K" uniqKey="Kang H">H.K. Kang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, V D" uniqKey="Nguyen V">V.D. Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Y M" uniqKey="Kim Y">Y.M. Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, D W" uniqKey="Kim D">D.W. Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahn, S A" uniqKey="Ahn S">S.A Ahn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xia, Y" uniqKey="Xia Y">Y. Xia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, D" uniqKey="Kim D">D. Kim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Park, J Y" uniqKey="Park J">J.Y. Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuk, H J" uniqKey="Yuk H">H.J. Yuk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ryu, H W" uniqKey="Ryu H">H.W. Ryu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, S H" uniqKey="Lim S">S.H. Lim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, K S" uniqKey="Kim K">K.S. Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, K H" uniqKey="Park K">K.H. Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ryu, Y B" uniqKey="Ryu Y">Y.B. Ryu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, W S" uniqKey="Lee W">W.S. Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nabirotchkin, S" uniqKey="Nabirotchkin S">S. Nabirotchkin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peluffo1, A" uniqKey="Peluffo1 A">A. Peluffo1</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bouaziz1, J" uniqKey="Bouaziz1 J">J. Bouaziz1</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, D" uniqKey="Cohen D">D. Cohen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brush, J" uniqKey="Brush J">J. Brush</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mendenhall, E" uniqKey="Mendenhall E">E. Mendenhall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guggenheim, A" uniqKey="Guggenheim A">A. Guggenheim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, T" uniqKey="Chan T">T. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Connelly, E" uniqKey="Connelly E">E. Connelly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soumyanath, A" uniqKey="Soumyanath A">A. Soumyanath</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buresh, R" uniqKey="Buresh R">R. Buresh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barrett, R" uniqKey="Barrett R">R. Barrett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zwickey, H" uniqKey="Zwickey H">H. Zwickey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guillin, O" uniqKey="Guillin O">O. Guillin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vindry, C" uniqKey="Vindry C">C. Vindry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ohlmann, T" uniqKey="Ohlmann T">T. Ohlmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chavatte, L" uniqKey="Chavatte L">L. Chavatte</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harthill, M" uniqKey="Harthill M">M. Harthill</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="letter"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Antimicrob Agents</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0924-8579</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1872-7913</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32283177</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7146686</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0924-8579(20)30128-X</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105971</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">105971</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Coronavirus (COVID-19), First Indication of Efficacy of Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin in SARS-CoV-2 Infections</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0001"><name><surname>Polansky</surname><given-names>Hanan</given-names></name><email>hpolansky@cbcd.net</email><xref rid="cor0001" ref-type="corresp">⁎</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0002"><name><surname>Lori</surname><given-names>Gillad</given-names></name><email>gillad@cbcd.net</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff0001">The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease (CBCD), 616 Corporate Way, Suite 2-3665, Valley Cottage, NY 10989, 607-256-6070</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor0001"><label>⁎</label>Corresponding author. <email>hpolansky@cbcd.net</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>10</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><elocation-id>105971</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>19</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>1</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2020 Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder></copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions></article-meta></front><body><p content-type="salutation">Sir,</p><p id="para0002">The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak imposes a significant threat to global health with an estimated R<sub>0</sub> of 2.24-4.08 and fatality rate of 3.4%. Samples collected from COVID-19 patients revealed that the novel virus is a betacoronavirus, closely related to the human Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) with 79.5% sequence identity <xref rid="bib0001" ref-type="bibr">[1]</xref>. In addition, SARS-CoV and COVID-19 have an almost identical 3-Chymotrypsine-Like protease (3CLpro) amino acid sequences, with 96% identity and 99% similarity <xref rid="bib0002" ref-type="bibr">[2]</xref>. To expedite the development of new treatments, several existing drugs, which were found effective against RNA viruses and particularly against SARS, are currently tested for their effect on the COVID-19 virus.</p><p id="para0003">Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin is a patented herbal broad-spectrum antiviral treatment. Its formula includes five ingredients: a 100 mg extract of quercetin, a 150 mg extract of green tea, a 50 mg extract of cinnamon, a 25 mg extract of licorice, and 100 μg of selenium. Clinical trials showed that Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin is effective against several viruses, including the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) <xref rid="bib0003" ref-type="bibr">[3]</xref>, Herpes Simplex Virus <xref rid="bib0004" ref-type="bibr">[4]</xref> (HSV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human Cytomegalovirus (hCMV). In the next section, we review evidence on the effect of the Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin five ingredients on betacoronaviruses, and specifically, the SARS-CoV virus.</p><p id="para0004">Quercetin and the active ingredients in green tea, called catechins, are polyphenols known as flavonoids. They have a variety of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-enzymatic activities. Quercetin and its derivatives as well as different catechins found in green tea were found to inhibit the SARS proteases <xref rid="bib0005" ref-type="bibr">[5]</xref>. Specifically, Thi Nguyen et al. Found that both Epigallocatechin Gallate and Quecertin inhibit the SARS main protease, 3CLpro with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 73uM in vitro. In addition, Ji Young Park et al. reported that Quercetin inhibits both the SARS Proteases, 3CLpro and PLpro, and the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome virus (MERS) 3CLpro protease with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 52.7uM, 8.6uM and 34.8uM respectively, in vitro <xref rid="bib0006" ref-type="bibr">[6]</xref>. Quecertin also modulates the cellular unfolded protein response (UPR). As coronaviruses can utilize the UPR to complete different stages of the viral life cycle during infection, Nabirotchkin et al. suggested that quercetin may have anti-coronavirus effects through its modulation of this pathway <xref rid="bib0007" ref-type="bibr">[7]</xref>.</p><p id="para0005">Cinnamon extract has anti RNA viral effects <xref rid="bib0008" ref-type="bibr">[8]</xref>. Min Zuang et al. showed that the extract inhibited wild type SARS infection <italic>in vitro</italic> with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 43uM. The proposed possible mechanism was blocking cell entry via endocytosis.</p><p id="para0006">Licorice extract, derived from the root of Glycyrrhiza Glabra, has both broad antiviral and immunostimulating effects <xref rid="bib0009" ref-type="bibr">[9]</xref>. The plant was also reported to have specific anti-SARS effects. Brush et al. demonstrated that the herb stimulates the proliferation and activation of lymphocytes in human subjects. This can be of major importance in the coronavirus infections, since immunocompromised patients may be particularly at risk.</p><p id="para0007">Selenium (Se) is an important trace element in redox regulation. Its antioxidative function is exerted via its incorporation, in the form of selenocysteine, into a group of proteins called selenoproteins <xref rid="bib0010" ref-type="bibr">[10]</xref>. Se deficiency leads to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, and results in a decreased response of the immune system to viruses, and an increased rate of mutation of RNA viruses. The combination of an increase in viral rate of mutation with a decrease in the immune response, has been linked to increased virulence, as it may give rise to a larger population of quasispecies, of which new, more pathogenic quasispecies may emerge. M. Harthill <xref rid="bib0011" ref-type="bibr">[11]</xref> suggested that this mechanism, which has been observed for other RNA viruses in Se deficient mice models, also occurred in the SARS-CoV outbreak, which emerged in areas of low Se soil in China, such as Wuhan city. Studies showed that Se supplementation to Se deficient patients increased the immune response to viral infections, and decreased the virulence of several viruses, in some cases to the point of complete prevention of the disease <xref rid="bib0010" ref-type="bibr">[10]</xref>.</p><p id="para0008">In summary, in this paper we described the effects of Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin ingredients on betacoronaviruses, and specifically SARS-CoV. We chose SARS-CoV because of its high level of sequence identity to COVID-19. We showed that Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin ingredients exert a variety of antiviral effects on betacoronaviruses, and SARS-CoV, including inhibition of cell entry and infection, inhibition of replication, inhibition of the viral proteases, enhancing the antiviral immune response, and reducing virulent quasispecies formation. We regard the evidence presented in this paper as first indication of efficacy. Next, we are planning to collect clinical data on the effect of Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin on the SARS-CoV-2 virus from users of the treatments. 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Res.</source><volume>20</volume><issue>8</issue><year>2006</year><fpage>687</fpage><lpage>695</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16807880</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib0010"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref0009"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Guillin</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><name><surname>Vindry</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ohlmann</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chavatte</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral Infection</article-title><source>Nutrients.</source><volume>11</volume><year>2019</year><fpage>2101</fpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib0011"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref0010"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Harthill</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Review: Micronutrient Selenium Deficiency Influences Evolution of Some Viral Infectious Diseases</article-title><source>Biological Trace Element Research</source><volume>143</volume><year>2011</year><fpage>1325</fpage><lpage>1336</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21318622</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list><ack id="ack0001"><title>Declarations</title><p><bold>Funding:</bold> No funding</p><p><bold>Competing Interests</bold>: Hanan Polansky is the inventor of the Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin formula. Gillad Lori has no conflict of interest.</p><p><bold>Ethical Approval:</bold> Not required</p></ack></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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