Areas of academic research with the impact of COVID-19
Identifieur interne : 000408 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000407; suivant : 000409Areas of academic research with the impact of COVID-19
Auteurs : Abid Haleem ; Mohd Javaid ; Raju Vaishya ; S. G. DeshmukhSource :
- The American Journal of Emergency Medicine [ 0735-6757 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Coronavirus (COVID-19) endemic is growing exponentially in the whole world. Researchers, technologists, doctors and other healthcare workers are working day and night on the development of vaccine and medicinesto control and treat this virus. SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the virus responsible for causing COVID-19 disease, which is highly infectious and lethal.With exponentially increasing infections, proportionate fatalities are being reported both from developed and under developed countries. As of today, more than one million people across the world have been reported infected with this virus, and more than 65,000 people have died of this disease. Hence, there is an urgent requirement for conducting academic research on several aspects of this highly contagious disease, to find effective means of containment and treatment of the disease, for now, and in future. We have identified some opportunities for academic research related to COVID-19 and have also provided suggestions to contain, prevent and treat this viral infection.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.022
PubMed: 32317202
PubMed Central: 7158762
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Areas of academic research with the impact of COVID-19</title><author><name sortKey="Haleem, Abid" sort="Haleem, Abid" uniqKey="Haleem A" first="Abid" last="Haleem">Abid Haleem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af0005">Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Javaid, Mohd" sort="Javaid, Mohd" uniqKey="Javaid M" first="Mohd" last="Javaid">Mohd Javaid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af0005">Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vaishya, Raju" sort="Vaishya, Raju" uniqKey="Vaishya R" first="Raju" last="Vaishya">Raju Vaishya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af0010">Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Sarita Vihar, Mathura Road, 110076 New Delhi, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deshmukh, S G" sort="Deshmukh, S G" uniqKey="Deshmukh S" first="S. G." last="Deshmukh">S. G. Deshmukh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af0015">Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32317202</idno><idno type="pmc">7158762</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158762</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7158762</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.022</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000408</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000408</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Areas of academic research with the impact of COVID-19</title><author><name sortKey="Haleem, Abid" sort="Haleem, Abid" uniqKey="Haleem A" first="Abid" last="Haleem">Abid Haleem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af0005">Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Javaid, Mohd" sort="Javaid, Mohd" uniqKey="Javaid M" first="Mohd" last="Javaid">Mohd Javaid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af0005">Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vaishya, Raju" sort="Vaishya, Raju" uniqKey="Vaishya R" first="Raju" last="Vaishya">Raju Vaishya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af0010">Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Sarita Vihar, Mathura Road, 110076 New Delhi, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deshmukh, S G" sort="Deshmukh, S G" uniqKey="Deshmukh S" first="S. G." last="Deshmukh">S. G. Deshmukh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af0015">Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The American Journal of Emergency Medicine</title><idno type="ISSN">0735-6757</idno><idno type="eISSN">1532-8171</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Coronavirus (COVID-19) endemic is growing exponentially in the whole world. Researchers, technologists, doctors and other healthcare workers are working day and night on the development of vaccine and medicinesto control and treat this virus. SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the virus responsible for causing COVID-19 disease, which is highly infectious and lethal.With exponentially increasing infections, proportionate fatalities are being reported both from developed and under developed countries. As of today, more than one million people across the world have been reported infected with this virus, and more than 65,000 people have died of this disease. Hence, there is an urgent requirement for conducting academic research on several aspects of this highly contagious disease, to find effective means of containment and treatment of the disease, for now, and in future. We have identified some opportunities for academic research related to COVID-19 and have also provided suggestions to contain, prevent and treat this viral infection.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xiang, Y T" uniqKey="Xiang Y">Y.T. Xiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Q" uniqKey="Zhang Q">Q. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Y" uniqKey="Jin Y">Y. Jin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, W W" uniqKey="Rao W">W.W. Rao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zeng, L N" uniqKey="Zeng L">L.N. Zeng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, M" uniqKey="Gilbert M">M. Gilbert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pullano, G" uniqKey="Pullano G">G. Pullano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pinotti, F" uniqKey="Pinotti F">F. Pinotti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valdano, E" uniqKey="Valdano E">E. Valdano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poletto, C" uniqKey="Poletto C">C. Poletto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boelle, P Y" uniqKey="Boelle P">P.Y. Boëlle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gao, J" uniqKey="Gao J">J. Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tian, Z" uniqKey="Tian Z">Z. Tian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, X" uniqKey="Yang X">X. Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilder Smith, A" uniqKey="Wilder Smith A">A. Wilder-Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chiew, C J" uniqKey="Chiew C">C.J. Chiew</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, V J" uniqKey="Lee V">V.J. Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnson, H C" uniqKey="Johnson H">H.C. Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gossner, C M" uniqKey="Gossner C">C.M. Gossner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Colzani, E" uniqKey="Colzani E">E. Colzani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="letter"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Am J Emerg Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Am J Emerg Med</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The American Journal of Emergency Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0735-6757</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1532-8171</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier Inc.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32317202</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7158762</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0735-6757(20)30250-3</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.022</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Areas of academic research with the impact of COVID-19</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0005"><name><surname>Haleem</surname><given-names>Abid</given-names></name><degrees>Prof</degrees><xref rid="af0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0010"><name><surname>Javaid</surname><given-names>Mohd</given-names></name><degrees>Dr</degrees><email>mohdjavaid0786@gmail.com</email><xref rid="af0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="cr0005" ref-type="corresp">⁎</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0015"><name><surname>Vaishya</surname><given-names>Raju</given-names></name><degrees>Prof</degrees><xref rid="af0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0020"><name><surname>Deshmukh</surname><given-names>S.G.</given-names></name><degrees>Prof</degrees><xref rid="af0015" ref-type="aff">c</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af0005"><label>a</label>Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India</aff><aff id="af0010"><label>b</label>Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Sarita Vihar, Mathura Road, 110076 New Delhi, India</aff><aff id="af0015"><label>c</label>Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cr0005"><label>⁎</label>Corresponding author. <email>mohdjavaid0786@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>15</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>6</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>7</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder></copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="ab0005"><p>Coronavirus (COVID-19) endemic is growing exponentially in the whole world. Researchers, technologists, doctors and other healthcare workers are working day and night on the development of vaccine and medicinesto control and treat this virus. SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the virus responsible for causing COVID-19 disease, which is highly infectious and lethal.With exponentially increasing infections, proportionate fatalities are being reported both from developed and under developed countries. As of today, more than one million people across the world have been reported infected with this virus, and more than 65,000 people have died of this disease. Hence, there is an urgent requirement for conducting academic research on several aspects of this highly contagious disease, to find effective means of containment and treatment of the disease, for now, and in future. We have identified some opportunities for academic research related to COVID-19 and have also provided suggestions to contain, prevent and treat this viral infection.</p></abstract><kwd-group id="ks0005"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Coronavirus (COVID-19)</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>Social impacts</kwd><kwd>Academic research</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><p id="p0380">The SARS-CoV-2 virus has significantly affected the health, economy, and socio-economic fabric of the global society. The costs involved in the containment and treatment of this infectious disease are exorbitantly high, which even the wealthiestand developed countries are finding it difficult to sustain. COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the crude, stock market, gold and metals and almost all areas of the global market [<xref rid="bb0005" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]. Large research laboratories and corporate houses are working with a high speed to develop medicines and vaccines for the prevention and treatment of this dreaded disease. To deal with these current health management challenges, we need a comprehensive understanding of the effect on the health system, global business, and culture. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11th March 2020 [<xref rid="bb0010" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]. COVID-19 has become an international emergency in a short period and will have long-lasting effects. There is an urgent need to identify and study the areas of academic research which will be impacted by COVID-19 [<xref rid="bb0015" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>].</p><sec id="s0005"><label>1</label><title>Research objectives</title><p id="p0385">This manuscript highlights potential areas of academic research which are likely to be impacted by COVID-19. The main objectives of this paper are to provide awareness and to identify the research areas related to COVID-19. It may help improve the understanding of this disease and describe the psychological impacts of this pandemic and how these could change as the disease spreads.</p></sec><sec id="s0010"><label>2</label><title>Current limitations and gaps in the knowledge of Coronavirus and its effects</title><p id="p0390">It appears the Coronavirus is zoonotic and originated in China. Scientists have not yet been able to identify the animal source of the infectious agent and have not determined whether a persistent animal reservoir of the infectious agent exists. It is also unclear whether SARS, like influenza, is a seasonal disease that would have receded on its own. It remains to be seen whether it will reemerge on a seasonal basis, and if so, how virulent future manifestations would be. The answers to these questions would undoubtedly advance the world's ability to predict and prepare for a resurgence of COVID-19.</p></sec><sec id="s0015"><label>3</label><title>Significant research areas on COVID-19</title><p id="p0395">COVID-19 has disrupted the economies and the lives of individuals around the world. There are many areas of research needed regarding COVID-19 [<xref rid="bb0025" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>,<xref rid="bb0030" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]. <xref rid="t0005" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>identifies significant research areas which be profoundly impacted by this pandemic. We need to undertake extensive research on these areas.<table-wrap position="float" id="t0005"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Major research areas which will be impacted by COVID-19.</p></caption><alt-text id="al0005">Table 1</alt-text><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>SNo</th><th>Areas</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Vaccine Development</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0005"><list-item id="li0005"><label>•</label><p id="p0005">Development of various antibodies which provide immunity for COVID-19</p></list-item><list-item id="li0010"><label>•</label><p id="p0010">Various research organizations and pharmaceutical companies are trying to develop COVID 19 vaccine</p></list-item><list-item id="li0015"><label>•</label><p id="p0015">The first vaccine may be ready by China at the end of April 2020, and clinical trials have begun</p></list-item><list-item id="li0020"><label>•</label><p id="p0020">TJM2 by I-Mab Biopharma is the vaccine which is developed for the treatment of a patient suffering from the Coronavirus infection</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Medication/Therapy</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0010"><list-item id="li0025"><label>•</label><p id="p0025">Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin have been claimed to be effective in prevention and treatment, in some anecdotal case series and in-vitro</p></list-item><list-item id="li0030"><label>•</label><p id="p0030">Certain retroviral drugs (used for the treatment of HIV) are being considered as a promising therapy</p></list-item><list-item id="li0035"><label>•</label><p id="p0035">Provide education of the disease and medication to ensure having the correct treatment</p></list-item><list-item id="li0040"><label>•</label><p id="p0040">Personal medication record, documentation and its action during medication are required</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Health Care and equipment</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0015"><list-item id="li0045"><label>•</label><p id="p0045">Research is going on for the essential medical equipment to fulfil the crisis of COVID-19</p></list-item><list-item id="li0050"><label>•</label><p id="p0050">Various equipment like surgical masks, protective gear,sanitizer, andventilators must be available to all on time</p></list-item><list-item id="li0055"><label>•</label><p id="p0055">There is a requirement of protective clothing which meets the required medical standards</p></list-item><list-item id="li0060"><label>•</label><p id="p0060">Test kit for this virus must be provided inaccurate time to avoid further delay</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Social</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0020"><list-item id="li0065"><label>•</label><p id="p0065">Social distance should be maintained to avoid the further cause of infection and controlling of this disease</p></list-item><list-item id="li0070"><label>•</label><p id="p0070">People gathering like a party, festival, and marriage must be avoided</p></list-item><list-item id="li0075"><label>•</label><p id="p0075">Social research must be establishedfor the knowledge and conducting a new inquiry</p></list-item><list-item id="li0080"><label>•</label><p id="p0080">Back to joint family systems</p></list-item><list-item id="li0085"><label>•</label><p id="p0085">Avoid cinema, gymnasiums, swimming pools and support clubs</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Economic</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0025"><list-item id="li0090"><label>•</label><p id="p0090">Almost all manufacturing sectors are affected, and the whole supply chain is disrupted among all affected countries</p></list-item><list-item id="li0095"><label>•</label><p id="p0095">Travel & tourism industry</p></list-item><list-item id="li0100"><label>•</label><p id="p0100">Due to the closing of all market, business, and software companies, the economy is directly affected</p></list-item><list-item id="li0105"><label>•</label><p id="p0105">Mostly affected are the people who can earn their money at daily wages, lower middle class</p></list-item><list-item id="li0110"><label>•</label><p id="p0110">Research must be required on how to uplift the economy</p></list-item><list-item id="li0115"><label>•</label><p id="p0115">Poverty and hunger</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Environmental</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0030"><list-item id="li0120"><label>•</label><p id="p0120">Overall air pollution is getting reduced by this virus which has a positive impact on the environment</p></list-item><list-item id="li0125"><label>•</label><p id="p0125">Climate change and industrialization</p></list-item><list-item id="li0130"><label>•</label><p id="p0130">Energy-efficient devices</p></list-item><list-item id="li0135"><label>•</label><p id="p0135">Lower carbon is required in future which can make less drasticchanges in manufacturing requirements</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Sustainability</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0035"><list-item id="li0140"><label>•</label><p id="p0140">Fulfil the environmental, economic and social profit of the people</p></list-item><list-item id="li0145"><label>•</label><p id="p0145">Improve productivity and sustainable medical business and supply chain</p></list-item><list-item id="li0150"><label>•</label><p id="p0150">Sustainable supply chain, organizations, healthcare</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Psychiatric</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0040"><list-item id="li0155"><label>•</label><p id="p0155">COVID-19 creates mental illness among the people who can further cause depression</p></list-item><list-item id="li0160"><label>•</label><p id="p0160">To know how people can keep happy in their homes which can make better treatment of a mental disorder</p></list-item><list-item id="li0165"><label>•</label><p id="p0165">Work to handle the ongoing stress, situation and other psychosocial disabilities</p></list-item><list-item id="li0170"><label>•</label><p id="p0170">Proper positive communication and accurate information required among the people</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>The emergence of a new workplace and work culture</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0045"><list-item id="li0175"><label>•</label><p id="p0175">The proper new workplace is required to complete the ongoing work which can prevent to spread this virus</p></list-item><list-item id="li0180"><label>•</label><p id="p0180">Manage all meeting and events with proper precautions or better to conduct it online</p></list-item><list-item id="li0185"><label>•</label><p id="p0185">Audio, video conferencing, WhatsApp group can be followed for discussion</p></list-item><list-item id="li0190"><label>•</label><p id="p0190">Avoid face to face meeting and successfully replace it with online events or teleconference to prevent any type of infection</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Information Technology revolution</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0050"><list-item id="li0195"><label>•</label><p id="p0195">New learning modules by discussion through email, online forums</p></list-item><list-item id="li0200"><label>•</label><p id="p0200">Conducting online classes from homes through internet facilities</p></list-item><list-item id="li0205"><label>•</label><p id="p0205">Conducting virtual labs through online video and other supporting materials</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Online awareness workshop and capacity building</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0055"><list-item id="li0210"><label>•</label><p id="p0210">Conducting online workshop of COVID-19 to provide awareness among the masses</p></list-item><list-item id="li0215"><label>•</label><p id="p0215">Students teaching and learning process can be conducted online by the teacher to complete their class syllabus</p></list-item><list-item id="li0220"><label>•</label><p id="p0220">Regular touch with internet to update the information, precaution and treatment of this disease</p></list-item><list-item id="li0225"><label>•</label><p id="p0225">Need to train paramedics, secondary/tertiary head worker and ramping up the capacity</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Biological warfare</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0060"><list-item id="li0230"><label>•</label><p id="p0230">In-depth research on infections and biological toxins such as virus, bacteria, insects and fungi</p></list-item><list-item id="li0235"><label>•</label><p id="p0235">Number of other infections, diseases that can affecthuman life and become pandemic</p></list-item><list-item id="li0240"><label>•</label><p id="p0240">Fighting with the biological enemies</p></list-item><list-item id="li0245"><label>•</label><p id="p0245">The emergence of new weaponry and defence systems</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>Psychological issues</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0065"><list-item id="li0250"><label>•</label><p id="p0250">Psychological effects of the virus</p></list-item><list-item id="li0255"><label>•</label><p id="p0255">The mental health of the peoples after lockdown</p></list-item><list-item id="li0260"><label>•</label><p id="p0260">The acute need for counselling</p></list-item><list-item id="li0265"><label>•</label><p id="p0265">The stigma of disease and mechanisms to overcome</p></list-item><list-item id="li0270"><label>•</label><p id="p0270">In this area, there is a lesser amount of data is available, so research must be carried in this area to reduce the depression and psycho diseases</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Industry 4.0</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0070"><list-item id="li0275"><label>•</label><p id="p0275">Industry 4.0 is the fourth industrial revolution used new advance manufacturing and advance technologies</p></list-item><list-item id="li0280"><label>•</label><p id="p0280">Use new technologies for automatic tracking of COVID-19 patient and its analysis</p></list-item><list-item id="li0285"><label>•</label><p id="p0285">Artificial intelligence (AI) based technologies to keep data of the patient to identify the diseases and through geo-fencing, proper tracking</p></list-item><list-item id="li0290"><label>•</label><p id="p0290">Use of AR, VR and Holography for training, and capacity building</p></list-item><list-item id="li0295"><label>•</label><p id="p0295">Helping prevention of unexpected outcome</p></list-item><list-item id="li0300"><label>•</label><p id="p0300">Digital recordkeeping and analysis for healthcare management</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>Importance of home life</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0075"><list-item id="li0305"><label>•</label><p id="p0305">The emergence of work-from-home culture</p></list-item><list-item id="li0310"><label>•</label><p id="p0310">Balance of personal and professional time</p></list-item><list-item id="li0315"><label>•</label><p id="p0315">The family value system and relationships</p></list-item><list-item id="li0320"><label>•</label><p id="p0320">New architecture and design and town planning for sustainable life</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>Global trade, commerce</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0080"><list-item id="li0325"><label>•</label><p id="p0325">Local production vs global sourcing</p></list-item><list-item id="li0330"><label>•</label><p id="p0330">Digital currency, international and national trade</p></list-item><list-item id="li0335"><label>•</label><p id="p0335">New trade partners</p></list-item><list-item id="li0340"><label>•</label><p id="p0340">Fairtrade, ethical trade</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Medical Supply chains</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0085"><list-item id="li0345"><label>•</label><p id="p0345">Evolution of Risk resilient supply chains for PPE (Personal Protection Equipment) like masks, ventilators etc.</p></list-item><list-item id="li0350"><label>•</label><p id="p0350">The emergence of quick response transportation and logistics enabled by IT in PPE</p></list-item><list-item id="li0355"><label>•</label><p id="p0355">Humanitarian logistics with collaborative efforts from various academic entities</p></list-item><list-item id="li0360"><label>•</label><p id="p0360">Role of the disaster management group</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Public health and Policy</td><td><list list-type="simple" id="l0090"><list-item id="li0365"><label>•</label><p id="p0365">Issues of managing public health systems, especially given current infrastructure and our ability to manage the same</p></list-item><list-item id="li0370"><label>•</label><p id="p0370">Role of state vis-à-vis private sector</p></list-item><list-item id="li0375"><label>•</label><p id="p0375">Public Policy on Affordable medical care, especially to disadvantaged sections of society</p></list-item></list></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="p0400">Extensive research is required for the development of a vaccine for the prevention of Coronavirus infection. There is an urgent need for early production and manufacturing of the essential items like personal protective equipment, medicines, and ventilators to combat this pandemic. All measures to keep a social distancing by the public must be ensured by avoiding social-cultural and religious programs and festivals etc. during this pandemic. Along with these, healthcare measures to deal with COVID-19 pandemic, there is also an imminent requirement for theresearch to improvethe global economy, which has taken a tremendous beating and is unlikely to recover in the near future [<xref rid="bb0035" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>,<xref rid="bb0040" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="s0020"><label>4</label><title>Conclusion</title><p id="p0405">COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency of international concern.It has posed new challenges to the global research community. With the help of academic research, there is a need for a better understanding of the COVID-19 and its socio-economic ramifications on society. The future research will be multi-disciplinary and trans-national.We see a new wave of research in the biological and the medical sciences for the well-being of the civilization.</p></sec><sec id="s0025"><title>Uncited reference</title><p id="p0410"><xref rid="bb0020" ref-type="bibr">[4]</xref></p></sec><sec sec-type="COI-statement"><title>Declaration of competing interest</title><p id="p0415">None.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list id="bi0005"><title>References</title><ref id="bb0005"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="rf0005"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Xiang</surname><given-names>Y.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jin</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rao</surname><given-names>W.W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zeng</surname><given-names>L.N.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Timely research papers about COVID-19 in China</article-title><source>The Lancet</source><year>2020</year><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30375-5</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bb0010"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" id="or0005">Coronavirus has become a pandemic, WHO. 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The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Science<italic>.</italic> 2020; DOI: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1126/science.aba9757</pub-id>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bb0035"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="rf0020"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wilder-Smith</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chiew</surname><given-names>C.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>V.J.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Can we contain the COVID-19 outbreak with the same measures as for SARS?</article-title><source>Lancet Infect Dis</source><year>2020</year><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30129-8</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bb0040"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="rf0025"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Johnson</surname><given-names>H.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gossner</surname><given-names>C.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Colzani</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Potential scenarios for the progression of a COVID-19 epidemic in the European Union and the European Economic Area, March 2020</article-title><source>Euro Surveill</source><volume>25</volume><issue>9</issue><year>2020</year><object-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2000202</object-id><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2807/1560-7917</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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