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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Unaddressed Behavioral Health Aspect During the Coronavirus Pandemic</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32328363</idno><idno type="pmc">7170020</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7170020</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7170020</idno><idno type="doi">10.7759/cureus.7351</idno><date when="????">????</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000353</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000353</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Unaddressed Behavioral Health Aspect During the Coronavirus Pandemic</title></analytic><series><title level="j">Cureus</title><idno type="eISSN">2168-8184</idno><imprint><date when="????">????</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia has been declared a pandemic, citing more than 118,000 cases of the coronavirus illness in more than 110 countries and territories around the world. Public health emergencies have been demonstrated to have an impact on the behavioral health of the affected population as they may experience fear, anxiety, anger and post-traumatic stress disorder as consequences of their experiences. These effects may persist among affected individuals long after the outbreak has been controlled. To date, data on the behavioral distress and psychiatric morbidity of those suspected or diagnosed with the 2019-nCoV and their treating health professionals are lacking. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has outlined some behavioral health guide for affected individuals, how best to respond to psychological challenges during the crisis is not known. There is an urgent need to provide robust and timely psychosocial support in the face of such an outbreak.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cdc, Cdc" uniqKey="Cdc C">CDC CDC</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mak, Iw" uniqKey="Mak I">IW Mak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Cm" uniqKey="Chu C">CM Chu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pan, Pc" uniqKey="Pan P">PC Pan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yiu, Mg" uniqKey="Yiu M">MG Yiu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Vl" uniqKey="Chan V">VL Chan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brooks, Sk" uniqKey="Brooks S">SK Brooks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Webster, Rk" uniqKey="Webster R">RK Webster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Le" uniqKey="Smith L">LE Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jeong, H" uniqKey="Jeong H">H Jeong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yim, Hw" uniqKey="Yim H">HW Yim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Yj" uniqKey="Song Y">YJ Song</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wu, P" uniqKey="Wu P">P Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fang, Y" uniqKey="Fang Y">Y Fang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guan, Z" uniqKey="Guan Z">Z Guan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="editorial"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Cureus</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Cureus</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2168-8184</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Cureus</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2168-8184</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Cureus</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Palo Alto (CA)</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32328363</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7170020</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7759/cureus.7351</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Infectious Disease</subject></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Public Health</subject></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Epidemiology/Public Health</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Unaddressed Behavioral Health Aspect During the Coronavirus Pandemic</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Muacevic</surname><given-names>Alexander</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Adler</surname><given-names>John R</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Onyeaka</surname><given-names>Henry K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zahid</surname><given-names>Shaheer</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Patel</surname><given-names>Rikinkumar S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3">3</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff-1"><label>1</label> Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA</aff><aff id="aff-2"><label>2</label> Psychiatry, Saint James School of Medicine, Park Ridge, USA</aff><aff id="aff-3"><label>3</label> Psychiatry, Griffin Memorial Hospital, Norman, USA</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Rikinkumar S. Patel <email>rpatel_09@arcadia.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic"><month>3</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>e7351</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>18</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>21</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2020, Onyeaka et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Onyeaka et al.</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.cureus.com/articles/29428-the-unaddressed-behavioral-health-aspect-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic">This article is available from https://www.cureus.com/articles/29428-the-unaddressed-behavioral-health-aspect-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic</self-uri><abstract><p>The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia has been declared a pandemic, citing more than 118,000 cases of the coronavirus illness in more than 110 countries and territories around the world. Public health emergencies have been demonstrated to have an impact on the behavioral health of the affected population as they may experience fear, anxiety, anger and post-traumatic stress disorder as consequences of their experiences. These effects may persist among affected individuals long after the outbreak has been controlled. To date, data on the behavioral distress and psychiatric morbidity of those suspected or diagnosed with the 2019-nCoV and their treating health professionals are lacking. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has outlined some behavioral health guide for affected individuals, how best to respond to psychological challenges during the crisis is not known. There is an urgent need to provide robust and timely psychosocial support in the face of such an outbreak.</p></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>corona virus</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>behavioral disorder</kwd><kwd>psychiatric co-morbidity</kwd><kwd>social and behavioral epidemiology</kwd><kwd>covid-2019</kwd><kwd>covid-19</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta><notes><p content-type="disclaimer">The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research and reference purposes. Additionally, articles published within Cureus should not be deemed a suitable substitute for the advice of a qualified health care professional. Do not disregard or avoid professional medical advice due to content published within Cureus.</p></notes></front><body><sec sec-type="editorial"><title>Editorial</title><p>The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia, which originated in the Hubei province in China at the end of 2019, has gained intense attention nationwide and globally. In the United States, since the first case was detected in Washington, DC, in mid-January 2020, the virus has continued to spread. As of March 19, 2020, a total of 10,442 confirmed cases have been reported in 54 jurisdictions (50 states, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam and US Virgin Islands) and has resulted in 150 deaths [<xref rid="REF1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]. On March 11, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared 2019-nCoV a pandemic, citing more than 118,000 cases of the coronavirus illness in more than 110 countries and territories around the world and the sustained risk of further global spread.</p><p>While the exact origin remains largely unknown, the virus has been shown to cause respiratory illness ranging from mild to severe and is spread via human to human transmission. At the moment, the therapeutic strategies to deal with the infection are only supportive and preventive. Based on the available information regarding the virus, upgraded quarantine and isolation measures have been suggested to resist the spread of the virus. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued detailed guidelines and recommendations to stem community spread of the virus.</p><p>Public health emergencies have been demonstrated to have an impact on the behavioral health of the affected population [<xref rid="REF2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]. Individuals and their families with confirmed or suspected 2019-nCoV may experience fear, anxiety, anger and post-traumatic stress disorder as consequences of their experiences. These effects may persist among affected individuals long after the outbreak has been controlled. Furthermore, contact tracing and the mandatory quarantine isolation for two weeks, which is a crucial part of the public health responses to the 2019-nCoV pneumonia outbreak, could be a precursor for increased psychological distress such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and anger among suspected or confirmed cases [<xref rid="REF3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>,<xref rid="REF4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>]. Also, the estimated global economic shutdown and recession is expected to heighten fears and anxiety.</p><p>Health professionals, especially those directly caring for people with confirmed or suspected 2019-nCoV pneumonia, are susceptible to both high risk of infection and behavioral health distress. The literature has documented high levels of psychological distress among healthcare workers in previous outbreaks. They may experience fear of contracting and spreading the virus to their families, friends or colleagues. In a cross-sectional study by Wu et al., the healthcare workers who had been quarantined, or worked in the high-risk location such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) wards, or had friends or close relatives who contracted SARS, were significantly more likely to have high post-traumatic stress symptom levels than those without these exposures [<xref rid="REF5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>].</p><p>To date, data on the behavioral distress and psychiatric morbidity of those suspected or diagnosed with the 2019-nCoV and their treating health professionals are lacking. Although the CDC has outlined some behavioral health guide for affected individuals, how best to respond to psychological challenges during the crisis is not known. There is an urgent need to provide robust and timely psychosocial support in the face of such an outbreak.</p><p>Therefore, using lessons learned from prior epidemics like SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome and the ongoing 2019-nCoV in China, some potential methods to mitigate the psychosocial impact of the pandemic should be emphasized. First, it is the provision of clear, accurate and updated information about the virus to both health workers and patients in order to allay their anxiety and fear. Second, robust behavioral health services should be deployed to deliver behavioral health support to patients and health workers with additional training of more healthcare professionals in psychological first aid delivery to the high-risk population. Lastly, given the present challenge of cross-infection from the onsite and face-to-face delivery of healthcare, telehealth and other remote forms of behavioral health delivery should be encouraged.</p><p>The current 2019-nCoV outbreak may stretch the already limited behavioral health services, and prompt measures must be instituted to avert the potential acute and long-term psychological sequela that may ensue.</p></sec></body><back><fn-group content-type="competing-interests"><fn fn-type="COI-statement"><p>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="REF1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="website"><article-title>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)</article-title><date-in-citation content-type="access-date"><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date-in-citation><person-group><name><surname>CDC</surname><given-names>CDC</given-names></name></person-group><year>2020</year><uri xlink:href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-in-us.html">https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-in-us.html</uri></element-citation></ref><ref id="REF2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><article-title>Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors</article-title><source>Gen Hosp Psychiatry</source><person-group><name><surname>Mak</surname><given-names>IW</given-names></name><name><surname>Chu</surname><given-names>CM</given-names></name><name><surname>Pan</surname><given-names>PC</given-names></name><name><surname>Yiu</surname><given-names>MG</given-names></name><name><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>VL</given-names></name></person-group><fpage>318</fpage><lpage>326</lpage><volume>31</volume><year>2009</year><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19555791</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="REF3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><article-title>The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence</article-title><source>Lancet</source><person-group><name><surname>Brooks</surname><given-names>SK</given-names></name><name><surname>Webster</surname><given-names>RK</given-names></name><name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>LE</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><fpage>912</fpage><lpage>920</lpage><volume>395</volume><year>2020</year><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32112714</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="REF4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><article-title>Mental health status of people isolated due to Middle East respiratory syndrome</article-title><source>Epidemiol Health</source><person-group><name><surname>Jeong</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Yim</surname><given-names>HW</given-names></name><name><surname>Song</surname><given-names>YJ</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><fpage>0</fpage><volume>38</volume><year>2016</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="REF5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><article-title>The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk</article-title><source>Can J Psychiatry</source><person-group><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Fang</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Guan</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><fpage>302</fpage><lpage>311</lpage><volume>54</volume><year>2009</year><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19497162</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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