Toxoplasma gondii and other risk factors for schizophrenia: an update.
Identifieur interne : 001281 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001280; suivant : 001282Toxoplasma gondii and other risk factors for schizophrenia: an update.
Auteurs : E Fuller Torrey [États-Unis] ; John J. Bartko ; Robert H. YolkenSource :
- Schizophrenia bulletin [ 1745-1701 ] ; 2012.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- biosynthèse : Anticorps antiprotozoaires.
- génétique : Schizophrénie, Toxoplasmose.
- immunologie : Toxoplasma.
- parasitologie : Schizophrénie.
- pathogénicité : Toxoplasma.
- psychologie : Toxoplasmose.
- étiologie : Schizophrénie.
- Facteurs de risque, Humains, Toxoplasmose.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , biosynthesis : Antibodies, Protozoan.
- complications : Toxoplasmosis.
- etiology : Schizophrenia.
- genetics : Schizophrenia, Toxoplasmosis.
- immunology : Toxoplasma.
- parasitology : Schizophrenia.
- pathogenicity : Toxoplasma.
- psychology : Toxoplasmosis.
- Humans, Risk Factors.
Abstract
The failure to find genes of major effect in schizophrenia has refocused attention on nongenetic, including infectious factors. In a previous study, antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were found to be elevated in 23 studies of schizophrenia (OR 2.73; 95% CI 2.10-3.60). The current study replicates this finding with 15 additional studies (OR 2.71; 95% CI 1.93-3.80) and compares this with other identified schizophrenia risk factors. The highest risk factors are having an affected mother (relative risks [RR] 9.31; 95% CI 7.24-11.96), father (RR 7.20; 95% CI 5.10-10.16), or sibling (RR 6.99; 95% CI 5.38-9.08) or being the offspring of immigrants from selected countries (RR 4.5; 95% CI 1.5-13.1). Intermediate risk factors, in addition to infection with T. gondii, include being an immigrant from and to selected countries (RR 2.7; 95% CI 2.3-3.2), being born in (RR 2.24; 95% CI 1.92-2.61) or raised in (RR 2.75; 95% CI 2.31-3.28) an urban area, cannabis use (OR 2.10-2.93; 95% CI 1.08-6.13), having minor physical anomalies (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.42-3.58), or having a father 55 or older (OR 2.21-5.92; 95% CI 1.46-17.02). Low-risk factors include a history of traumatic brain injury (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.17-2.32), sex abuse in childhood (OR 1.46; 95% CI 0.84-2.52), obstetrical complications (OR 1.29-1.38; 95% CI 1.00-1.84), having a father 45 or older (OR 1.21-1.66; 95% CI 1.09-2.01), specific genetic polymorphisms (OR 1.09-1.24; 95% CI 1.06-1.45), birth seasonality (OR 1.07-1.95; 95% CI 1.05-2.91), maternal exposure to influenza (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.98-1.12), or prenatal stress (RR 0.98-1.00; 95% CI 0.85-1.16).
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbs043
PubMed: 22446566
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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<term>Schizophrenia (genetics)</term>
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<term>Schizophrénie (parasitologie)</term>
<term>Schizophrénie (étiologie)</term>
<term>Toxoplasma (immunologie)</term>
<term>Toxoplasma (pathogénicité)</term>
<term>Toxoplasmose ()</term>
<term>Toxoplasmose (génétique)</term>
<term>Toxoplasmose (psychologie)</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The failure to find genes of major effect in schizophrenia has refocused attention on nongenetic, including infectious factors. In a previous study, antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were found to be elevated in 23 studies of schizophrenia (OR 2.73; 95% CI 2.10-3.60). The current study replicates this finding with 15 additional studies (OR 2.71; 95% CI 1.93-3.80) and compares this with other identified schizophrenia risk factors. The highest risk factors are having an affected mother (relative risks [RR] 9.31; 95% CI 7.24-11.96), father (RR 7.20; 95% CI 5.10-10.16), or sibling (RR 6.99; 95% CI 5.38-9.08) or being the offspring of immigrants from selected countries (RR 4.5; 95% CI 1.5-13.1). Intermediate risk factors, in addition to infection with T. gondii, include being an immigrant from and to selected countries (RR 2.7; 95% CI 2.3-3.2), being born in (RR 2.24; 95% CI 1.92-2.61) or raised in (RR 2.75; 95% CI 2.31-3.28) an urban area, cannabis use (OR 2.10-2.93; 95% CI 1.08-6.13), having minor physical anomalies (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.42-3.58), or having a father 55 or older (OR 2.21-5.92; 95% CI 1.46-17.02). Low-risk factors include a history of traumatic brain injury (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.17-2.32), sex abuse in childhood (OR 1.46; 95% CI 0.84-2.52), obstetrical complications (OR 1.29-1.38; 95% CI 1.00-1.84), having a father 45 or older (OR 1.21-1.66; 95% CI 1.09-2.01), specific genetic polymorphisms (OR 1.09-1.24; 95% CI 1.06-1.45), birth seasonality (OR 1.07-1.95; 95% CI 1.05-2.91), maternal exposure to influenza (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.98-1.12), or prenatal stress (RR 0.98-1.00; 95% CI 0.85-1.16).</div>
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