The Generation, Detection, and Effects of Reactive Drug Metabolites
Identifieur interne : 001B66 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001B65; suivant : 001B67The Generation, Detection, and Effects of Reactive Drug Metabolites
Auteurs : Andrew V. Stachulski ; Thomas A. Baillie ; B. Kevin Park ; R. Scott Obach ; Deepak K. Dalvie ; Dominic P. Williams ; Abhishek Srivastava ; Sophie L. Regan ; Daniel J. Antoine ; Christopher E. P. Goldring ; Alvin J. L. Chia ; Neil R. Kitteringham ; Laura E. Randle ; Hayley Callan ; J. Luis Castrejon ; John Farrell ; Dean J. Naisbitt ; Martin S. LennardSource :
- Medicinal Research Reviews [ 0198-6325 ] ; 2013-09.
Abstract
The decline in approval of new drugs during the past decade has led to a close analysis of the drug discovery process. One of the main reasons for attrition is preclinical toxicity, frequently attributed to the generation of protein‐reactive drug metabolites. In this review, we present a critique of such reactive metabolites and evaluate the evidence linking them to observed toxic effects. Methodology for the characterization of reactive metabolites has advanced greatly in recent years, and is summarized first. Next, we consider the inhibition of key metabolic enzymes by electrophilic metabolites, as well as unfavorable drug–drug interactions that may ensue. One important class of protein‐reactive metabolites, not linked conclusively to a toxic event, is acyl glucuronides. Their properties are discussed in light of the safety characteristics of carboxylic acid containing drugs. Many adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are known collectively as idiosyncratic events, that is, not predictable from knowledge of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of the parent compound. Observed ADRs may take various forms. Specific organ injury, particularly of the liver, is the most direct: we examine this in some detail. Moving to the cellular level, we also consider the upregulation of induced cellular processes. The related, but distinct, issue of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to drugs and their metabolites, possibly via the immune system, is considered next. Finally, we discuss the impact of such data on the drug discovery process, both through early detection of reactive metabolites and informed synthetic design, which eliminates unfavorable functionality from drug candidates.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/med.21273
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:5B8B84BF28C756A32B9EF6F3E864219FC5600AC0Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Generation, Detection, and Effects of Reactive Drug Metabolites</title><author><name sortKey="Stachulski, Andrew V" sort="Stachulski, Andrew V" uniqKey="Stachulski A" first="Andrew V." last="Stachulski">Andrew V. Stachulski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Chemistry, Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZD, Liverpool, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: stachuls@liv.ac.uk</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baillie, Thomas A" sort="Baillie, Thomas A" uniqKey="Baillie T" first="Thomas A." last="Baillie">Thomas A. Baillie</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Box 357631, Washington, 98195‐7631, Seattle</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kevin Park, B" sort="Kevin Park, B" uniqKey="Kevin Park B" first="B." last="Kevin Park">B. Kevin Park</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott Obach, R" sort="Scott Obach, R" uniqKey="Scott Obach R" first="R." last="Scott Obach">R. Scott Obach</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Connecticut 06340, Groton</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dalvie, Deepak K" sort="Dalvie, Deepak K" uniqKey="Dalvie D" first="Deepak K." last="Dalvie">Deepak K. Dalvie</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, California 94121, La Jolla</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Dominic P" sort="Williams, Dominic P" uniqKey="Williams D" first="Dominic P." last="Williams">Dominic P. Williams</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Srivastava, Abhishek" sort="Srivastava, Abhishek" uniqKey="Srivastava A" first="Abhishek" last="Srivastava">Abhishek Srivastava</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Regan, Sophie L" sort="Regan, Sophie L" uniqKey="Regan S" first="Sophie L." last="Regan">Sophie L. Regan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antoine, Daniel J" sort="Antoine, Daniel J" uniqKey="Antoine D" first="Daniel J." last="Antoine">Daniel J. Antoine</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goldring, Christopher E P" sort="Goldring, Christopher E P" uniqKey="Goldring C" first="Christopher E. P." last="Goldring">Christopher E. P. Goldring</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chia, Alvin J L" sort="Chia, Alvin J L" uniqKey="Chia A" first="Alvin J. L." last="Chia">Alvin J. L. Chia</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kitteringham, Neil R" sort="Kitteringham, Neil R" uniqKey="Kitteringham N" first="Neil R." last="Kitteringham">Neil R. Kitteringham</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Randle, Laura E" sort="Randle, Laura E" uniqKey="Randle L" first="Laura E." last="Randle">Laura E. Randle</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Callan, Hayley" sort="Callan, Hayley" uniqKey="Callan H" first="Hayley" last="Callan">Hayley Callan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castrejon, J Luis" sort="Castrejon, J Luis" uniqKey="Castrejon J" first="J. Luis" last="Castrejon">J. Luis Castrejon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farrell, John" sort="Farrell, John" uniqKey="Farrell J" first="John" last="Farrell">John Farrell</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naisbitt, Dean J" sort="Naisbitt, Dean J" uniqKey="Naisbitt D" first="Dean J." last="Naisbitt">Dean J. Naisbitt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lennard, Martin S" sort="Lennard, Martin S" uniqKey="Lennard M" first="Martin S." last="Lennard">Martin S. Lennard</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Academic Unit of Medical Education, University of Sheffield, 85 Wilkinson Street, Sheffield S10 2GJ, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:5B8B84BF28C756A32B9EF6F3E864219FC5600AC0</idno><date when="2013" year="2013">2013</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/med.21273</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-SNL1QDCP-7/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001B66</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001B66</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The Generation, Detection, and Effects of Reactive Drug Metabolites</title><author><name sortKey="Stachulski, Andrew V" sort="Stachulski, Andrew V" uniqKey="Stachulski A" first="Andrew V." last="Stachulski">Andrew V. Stachulski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Chemistry, Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZD, Liverpool, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: stachuls@liv.ac.uk</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baillie, Thomas A" sort="Baillie, Thomas A" uniqKey="Baillie T" first="Thomas A." last="Baillie">Thomas A. Baillie</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Box 357631, Washington, 98195‐7631, Seattle</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kevin Park, B" sort="Kevin Park, B" uniqKey="Kevin Park B" first="B." last="Kevin Park">B. Kevin Park</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott Obach, R" sort="Scott Obach, R" uniqKey="Scott Obach R" first="R." last="Scott Obach">R. Scott Obach</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Connecticut 06340, Groton</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dalvie, Deepak K" sort="Dalvie, Deepak K" uniqKey="Dalvie D" first="Deepak K." last="Dalvie">Deepak K. Dalvie</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, California 94121, La Jolla</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Dominic P" sort="Williams, Dominic P" uniqKey="Williams D" first="Dominic P." last="Williams">Dominic P. Williams</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Srivastava, Abhishek" sort="Srivastava, Abhishek" uniqKey="Srivastava A" first="Abhishek" last="Srivastava">Abhishek Srivastava</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Regan, Sophie L" sort="Regan, Sophie L" uniqKey="Regan S" first="Sophie L." last="Regan">Sophie L. Regan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antoine, Daniel J" sort="Antoine, Daniel J" uniqKey="Antoine D" first="Daniel J." last="Antoine">Daniel J. Antoine</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goldring, Christopher E P" sort="Goldring, Christopher E P" uniqKey="Goldring C" first="Christopher E. P." last="Goldring">Christopher E. P. Goldring</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chia, Alvin J L" sort="Chia, Alvin J L" uniqKey="Chia A" first="Alvin J. L." last="Chia">Alvin J. L. Chia</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kitteringham, Neil R" sort="Kitteringham, Neil R" uniqKey="Kitteringham N" first="Neil R." last="Kitteringham">Neil R. Kitteringham</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Randle, Laura E" sort="Randle, Laura E" uniqKey="Randle L" first="Laura E." last="Randle">Laura E. Randle</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Callan, Hayley" sort="Callan, Hayley" uniqKey="Callan H" first="Hayley" last="Callan">Hayley Callan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castrejon, J Luis" sort="Castrejon, J Luis" uniqKey="Castrejon J" first="J. Luis" last="Castrejon">J. Luis Castrejon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farrell, John" sort="Farrell, John" uniqKey="Farrell J" first="John" last="Farrell">John Farrell</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naisbitt, Dean J" sort="Naisbitt, Dean J" uniqKey="Naisbitt D" first="Dean J." last="Naisbitt">Dean J. Naisbitt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lennard, Martin S" sort="Lennard, Martin S" uniqKey="Lennard M" first="Martin S." last="Lennard">Martin S. Lennard</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Academic Unit of Medical Education, University of Sheffield, 85 Wilkinson Street, Sheffield S10 2GJ, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Medicinal Research Reviews</title><title level="j" type="alt">MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS</title><idno type="ISSN">0198-6325</idno><idno type="eISSN">1098-1128</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">33</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="985">985</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1080">1080</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">96</biblScope><date type="published" when="2013-09">2013-09</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0198-6325</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0198-6325</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">The decline in approval of new drugs during the past decade has led to a close analysis of the drug discovery process. One of the main reasons for attrition is preclinical toxicity, frequently attributed to the generation of protein‐reactive drug metabolites. In this review, we present a critique of such reactive metabolites and evaluate the evidence linking them to observed toxic effects. Methodology for the characterization of reactive metabolites has advanced greatly in recent years, and is summarized first. Next, we consider the inhibition of key metabolic enzymes by electrophilic metabolites, as well as unfavorable drug–drug interactions that may ensue. One important class of protein‐reactive metabolites, not linked conclusively to a toxic event, is acyl glucuronides. Their properties are discussed in light of the safety characteristics of carboxylic acid containing drugs. Many adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are known collectively as idiosyncratic events, that is, not predictable from knowledge of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of the parent compound. Observed ADRs may take various forms. Specific organ injury, particularly of the liver, is the most direct: we examine this in some detail. Moving to the cellular level, we also consider the upregulation of induced cellular processes. The related, but distinct, issue of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to drugs and their metabolites, possibly via the immune system, is considered next. Finally, we discuss the impact of such data on the drug discovery process, both through early detection of reactive metabolites and informed synthetic design, which eliminates unfavorable functionality from drug candidates.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>reactive</json:string><json:string>chem</json:string><json:string>toxicity</json:string><json:string>adduct</json:string><json:string>covalent</json:string><json:string>bioactivation</json:string><json:string>pathway</json:string><json:string>toxicol</json:string><json:string>nrf2</json:string><json:string>reactive metabolite</json:string><json:string>stachulski</json:string><json:string>pharmacol</json:string><json:string>medicinal research review</json:string><json:string>hepatotoxicity</json:string><json:string>covalent binding</json:string><json:string>reactive drug metabolite</json:string><json:string>biol</json:string><json:string>apap</json:string><json:string>medicinal</json:string><json:string>metab</json:string><json:string>acyl</json:string><json:string>nrf1</json:string><json:string>oxidative</json:string><json:string>antioxidant</json:string><json:string>hepatic</json:string><json:string>receptor</json:string><json:string>allergy</json:string><json:string>glutathione</json:string><json:string>crms</json:string><json:string>cytochrome</json:string><json:string>pichler</json:string><json:string>hypersensitivity</json:string><json:string>metabolic activation</json:string><json:string>immune</json:string><json:string>naisbitt</json:string><json:string>clin</json:string><json:string>keap1</json:string><json:string>cysteine</json:string><json:string>biol chem</json:string><json:string>glucuronides</json:string><json:string>biochem</json:string><json:string>pharmacology</json:string><json:string>metabolism</json:string><json:string>dispos</json:string><json:string>acetaminophen</json:string><json:string>immunol</json:string><json:string>pirmohamed</json:string><json:string>reactive intermediate</json:string><json:string>yamamoto</json:string><json:string>sulfamethoxazole</json:string><json:string>glucuronide</json:string><json:string>toxicology</json:string><json:string>drug metabolism</json:string><json:string>drug metab dispos</json:string><json:string>datum</json:string><json:string>assay</json:string><json:string>carboxylic</json:string><json:string>covalently</json:string><json:string>nrf3</json:string><json:string>metabolite</json:string><json:string>defence</json:string><json:string>clone</json:string><json:string>kinase</json:string><json:string>electrophiles</json:string><json:string>hapten</json:string><json:string>pharmacokinetics</json:string><json:string>detoxification</json:string><json:string>hepatocytes</json:string><json:string>oxidative stress</json:string><json:string>microsome</json:string><json:string>napqi</json:string><json:string>inhibitor</json:string><json:string>transcription factor</json:string><json:string>adrs</json:string><json:string>drug discovery</json:string><json:string>spectrometry</json:string><json:string>electrophilic</json:string><json:string>metabolic</json:string><json:string>radiolabeled</json:string><json:string>kitteringham</json:string><json:string>acyl glucuronides</json:string><json:string>curr</json:string><json:string>heme</json:string><json:string>uetrecht</json:string><json:string>analog</json:string><json:string>transcription</json:string><json:string>hsps</json:string><json:string>transporter</json:string><json:string>dermatol</json:string><json:string>obach</json:string><json:string>zhang</json:string><json:string>substituent</json:string><json:string>cell biol</json:string><json:string>adduct formation</json:string><json:string>metabolizing</json:string><json:string>neutrophil</json:string><json:string>nucleophiles</json:string><json:string>apoptosis</json:string><json:string>cellular defence</json:string><json:string>drug candidate</json:string><json:string>quinone</json:string><json:string>hepatotoxic</json:string><json:string>xenobiotics</json:string><json:string>xenobiotic</json:string><json:string>baillie</json:string><json:string>keratinocytes</json:string><json:string>macrophage</json:string><json:string>opin</json:string><json:string>chan</json:string><json:string>appl</json:string><json:string>itoh</json:string><json:string>maggs</json:string><json:string>phosphorylation</json:string><json:string>biotransformation</json:string><json:string>glucuronidation</json:string><json:string>ibuprofen</json:string><json:string>electrophile</json:string><json:string>liver injury</json:string><json:string>moiety</json:string><json:string>enzyme</json:string><json:string>aldehyde</json:string><json:string>schnyder</json:string><json:string>kalgutkar</json:string><json:string>drug design</json:string><json:string>drug interaction</json:string><json:string>cyps</json:string><json:string>transcriptional</json:string><json:string>greyerz</json:string><json:string>steric</json:string><json:string>wang</json:string><json:string>dendritic</json:string><json:string>hypersensitivity reaction</json:string><json:string>lymphocyte</json:string><json:string>natl</json:string><json:string>derivative</json:string><json:string>acad</json:string><json:string>epoxide</json:string><json:string>postdoctoral</json:string><json:string>burkhart</json:string><json:string>proc</json:string><json:string>antigenic</json:string><json:string>adverse drug reaction</json:string><json:string>nitroso</json:string><json:string>functionality</json:string><json:string>proc natl acad</json:string><json:string>hepatology</json:string><json:string>curr drug metab</json:string><json:string>cellular</json:string><json:string>amino</json:string><json:string>peptide</json:string><json:string>penicillin</json:string><json:string>lipid</json:string><json:string>kinetics</json:string><json:string>carbamazepine</json:string><json:string>structural modification</json:string><json:string>phenotype</json:string><json:string>zanni</json:string><json:string>depta</json:string><json:string>subunit</json:string><json:string>preincubation</json:string><json:string>macromolecule</json:string><json:string>pfizer</json:string><json:string>nucleophile</json:string><json:string>sensitization</json:string><json:string>physiol</json:string><json:string>nevirapine</json:string><json:string>peroxidase</json:string><json:string>reactive metabolite formation</json:string><json:string>test compound</json:string><json:string>inducible</json:string><json:string>mrna</json:string><json:string>toxicological</json:string><json:string>isoform</json:string><json:string>hplc</json:string><json:string>lett</json:string><json:string>immune response</json:string><json:string>conjugation</json:string><json:string>liverpool</json:string><json:string>allergic</json:string><json:string>reticulum</json:string><json:string>weltzien</json:string><json:string>cyanide</json:string><json:string>drug metab</json:string><json:string>thiazole</json:string><json:string>ligase</json:string><json:string>redox</json:string><json:string>transferase</json:string><json:string>dermatitis</json:string><json:string>ester</json:string><json:string>paroxetine</json:string><json:string>lactam</json:string><json:string>arene</json:string><json:string>parent compound</json:string><json:string>endoplasmic</json:string><json:string>human liver microsome</json:string><json:string>lennard</json:string><json:string>epidermal</json:string><json:string>apap toxicity</json:string><json:string>inactivation</json:string><json:string>modification</json:string><json:string>merk</json:string><json:string>carboxylic acid</json:string><json:string>zhao</json:string><json:string>liver microsome</json:string><json:string>ionization</json:string><json:string>propensity</json:string><json:string>basketter</json:string><json:string>jenkinson</json:string><json:string>thiol</json:string><json:string>cytokine</json:string><json:string>functional group</json:string><json:string>monocyte</json:string><json:string>chemical stress</json:string><json:string>transacylation</json:string><json:string>radiometric</json:string><json:string>toxicol appl pharmacol</json:string><json:string>protein reactivity</json:string><json:string>myeloperoxidase</json:string><json:string>isoforms</json:string><json:string>imine</json:string><json:string>tienilic</json:string><json:string>hydroxylamine</json:string><json:string>cytotoxicity</json:string><json:string>catalyze</json:string><json:string>cribb</json:string><json:string>padovan</json:string><json:string>enzyme activity</json:string><json:string>carcinogenicity</json:string><json:string>clinical development</json:string><json:string>biophys</json:string><json:string>drug safety science</json:string><json:string>sulfotransferase</json:string><json:string>drug development</json:string><json:string>goldring</json:string><json:string>spectrom</json:string><json:string>polymorphism</json:string><json:string>hepatotoxin</json:string><json:string>oncogene</json:string><json:string>brander</json:string><json:string>nonhepatotoxic</json:string><json:string>determinant</json:string><json:string>activation</json:string><json:string>dos</json:string><json:string>covalent modification</json:string><json:string>gene expression</json:string><json:string>allergy clin immun</json:string><json:string>cell survival</json:string><json:string>parent drug</json:string><json:string>active site</json:string><json:string>nrf2 activation</json:string><json:string>human hepatocytes</json:string><json:string>biochem pharmacol</json:string><json:string>hepatic necrosis</json:string><json:string>important role</json:string><json:string>protein expression</json:string><json:string>structure alert</json:string><json:string>early stage</json:string><json:string>nitroso metabolite</json:string><json:string>cause toxicity</json:string><json:string>specie</json:string><json:string>drug</json:string><json:string>mechanistic</json:string><json:string>protein</json:string><json:string>compound</json:string><json:string>vivo</json:string><json:string>microsomal</json:string><json:string>reactive drug metabolite figure</json:string><json:string>cysteine residue</json:string><json:string>bioactivation pathway</json:string><json:string>transcription factor nrf2</json:string><json:string>immune system</json:string><json:string>direct transacylation</json:string><json:string>inhibitor concentration</json:string><json:string>experimental design</json:string><json:string>dendritic cell</json:string><json:string>drug hypersensitivity</json:string><json:string>protein modification</json:string><json:string>cell clone</json:string><json:string>incubation mixture</json:string><json:string>allergic reaction</json:string><json:string>plasma protein</json:string><json:string>expert opin drug metab toxicol</json:string><json:string>allergic patient</json:string><json:string>antioxidant response element</json:string><json:string>plasma concentration</json:string><json:string>consensus sequence</json:string><json:string>skin rash</json:string><json:string>medicinal chemistry</json:string><json:string>cellular protein</json:string><json:string>protein kinase</json:string><json:string>thiazole ring</json:string><json:string>penicillin allergy</json:string><json:string>toxic</json:string><json:string>inhibition</json:string><json:string>idiosyncratic</json:string><json:string>kobayashi</json:string><json:string>optimization</json:string><json:string>excretion</json:string><json:string>degradation</json:string><json:string>endogenous</json:string><json:string>human cytochrome</json:string><json:string>immune cell</json:string><json:string>cell line</json:string><json:string>gene transcription</json:string><json:string>mass spectrometry</json:string><json:string>reactive oxygen specie</json:string><json:string>research interest</json:string><json:string>postdoctoral research</json:string><json:string>heat shock protein</json:string><json:string>clinical pharmacology</json:string><json:string>cellular defence response</json:string><json:string>cell defence</json:string><json:string>protein adduct</json:string><json:string>mycophenolic acid</json:string><json:string>phenylacetic acid</json:string><json:string>chemical reactivity</json:string><json:string>chemical synthesis</json:string><json:string>kupffer cell</json:string><json:string>cause hepatotoxicity</json:string><json:string>major histocompatibility complex</json:string><json:string>contact dermatitis</json:string><json:string>recent study</json:string><json:string>mass spectrom</json:string><json:string>drug toxicity</json:string><json:string>lactam ring</json:string><json:string>liquid mass spectrometry</json:string><json:string>drug bioactivation</json:string><json:string>liver protein</json:string><json:string>endoplasmic reticulum</json:string><json:string>therapeutic dos</json:string><json:string>allergic individual</json:string><json:string>high level</json:string><json:string>clin pharmacol</json:string><json:string>kinetic constant</json:string><json:string>idiosyncratic drug reaction</json:string><json:string>grapefruit juice</json:string><json:string>risk assessment</json:string><json:string>chem lett</json:string><json:string>enzyme inactivation</json:string><json:string>tienilic acid</json:string><json:string>acetaminophen hepatotoxicity</json:string><json:string>radiolabeled drug</json:string><json:string>biochem biophys</json:string><json:string>important determinant</json:string><json:string>antigen presentation</json:string><json:string>daily dose</json:string><json:string>drug research</json:string><json:string>hard electrophiles</json:string><json:string>recent advance</json:string><json:string>protein conjugate</json:string><json:string>covalent protein binding</json:string><json:string>recent year</json:string><json:string>medicinal chemist</json:string><json:string>soft spot</json:string><json:string>foreign compound</json:string><json:string>case study</json:string><json:string>drug discovery process</json:string><json:string>drug metabolite</json:string><json:string>fluorine atom</json:string><json:string>toxic effect</json:string><json:string>senior lecturer</json:string><json:string>electrophilic metabolite</json:string><json:string>selectivity</json:string><json:string>fluorine</json:string><json:string>antibiotic</json:string><json:string>incubation</json:string><json:string>acid</json:string><json:string>induction</json:string><json:string>liver</json:string><json:string>decrease electron density</json:string><json:string>chemokine receptor</json:string><json:string>cell death</json:string><json:string>animal model</json:string><json:string>chemical entity</json:string><json:string>protein reactive</json:string><json:string>comprehensive listing</json:string><json:string>organic functional group</json:string><json:string>skin reaction</json:string><json:string>free radical</json:string><json:string>potential role</json:string><json:string>covalently bind</json:string><json:string>idiosyncratic reaction</json:string><json:string>hepatic protein</json:string><json:string>direct evidence</json:string><json:string>acyl migration</json:string><json:string>arylacetic acid</json:string><json:string>cell proliferation</json:string><json:string>such datum</json:string><json:string>biological activity</json:string><json:string>inactive complex</json:string><json:string>cellular stress</json:string><json:string>soft electrophiles</json:string><json:string>common site</json:string><json:string>neutral endopeptidase inhibitor</json:string><json:string>major pathway</json:string><json:string>rapid commun mass spectrom</json:string><json:string>binding site</json:string><json:string>antigen processing</json:string><json:string>idiosyncratic drug toxicity</json:string><json:string>protein binding</json:string><json:string>toxic epidermal necrolysis</json:string><json:string>detoxification pathway</json:string><json:string>cell receptor</json:string><json:string>specie difference</json:string><json:string>oxidative metabolism</json:string><json:string>sulfhydryl group</json:string><json:string>structural feature</json:string><json:string>more likely</json:string><json:string>mouse liver</json:string><json:string>wellcome trust</json:string><json:string>stable adduct</json:string><json:string>hepatic metabolism</json:string><json:string>drug allergy</json:string><json:string>total daily dose</json:string><json:string>hapten hypothesis</json:string><json:string>reactive specie</json:string><json:string>human subject</json:string><json:string>nucleic acid</json:string><json:string>degradation reaction</json:string><json:string>acyl glucuronide metabolite</json:string><json:string>antigenic determinant</json:string><json:string>proliferative response</json:string><json:string>amino acid</json:string><json:string>trend biochem</json:string><json:string>liverpool john moore university</json:string><json:string>allergic contact dermatitis</json:string><json:string>therapeutic dose</json:string><json:string>lactam antibiotic</json:string><json:string>adverse reaction</json:string><json:string>antioxidant responsive element</json:string><json:string>innate immune system</json:string><json:string>human keratinocytes</json:string><json:string>antioxidant induction</json:string><json:string>oxidoreductase1 gene</json:string><json:string>kevin park</json:string><json:string>mass balance</json:string><json:string>appl toxicol</json:string><json:string>other study</json:string><json:string>large number</json:string><json:string>clinical relevance</json:string><json:string>chemical structure</json:string><json:string>drug hypersensitivity reaction</json:string><json:string>skin cell</json:string><json:string>apap hepatotoxicity</json:string><json:string>hydroxylamine metabolite</json:string><json:string>zone classification system</json:string><json:string>allergy clin immunol</json:string><json:string>steric hindrance</json:string><json:string>drug transporter</json:string><json:string>drug metabolizing enzyme</json:string><json:string>metabolic oxidation</json:string><json:string>structural change</json:string><json:string>cellular response</json:string><json:string>human skin</json:string><json:string>protein haptenation</json:string><json:string>drug safety</json:string><json:string>second tier</json:string><json:string>necrosis</json:string><json:string>gene</json:string><json:string>binding</json:string><json:string>centre</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Andrew V. Stachulski</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Chemistry, Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZD, Liverpool, UK</json:string><json:string>E-mail: stachuls@liv.ac.uk</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Thomas A. Baillie</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Box 357631, Washington, 98195‐7631, Seattle</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>B. Kevin Park</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. Scott Obach</name><affiliations><json:string>Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Connecticut 06340, Groton</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Deepak K. Dalvie</name><affiliations><json:string>Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, California 94121, La Jolla</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Dominic P. Williams</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Abhishek Srivastava</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Sophie L. Regan</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Daniel J. Antoine</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Christopher E. P. Goldring</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Alvin J. L. Chia</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Neil R. Kitteringham</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Laura E. Randle</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hayley Callan</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. Luis Castrejon</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>John Farrell</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Dean J. Naisbitt</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Martin S. Lennard</name><affiliations><json:string>Academic Unit of Medical Education, University of Sheffield, 85 Wilkinson Street, Sheffield S10 2GJ, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>reactive drug metabolites</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>covalent binding</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>drug‐induced toxicity</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>drug–drug interactions</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cytochromes P‐450</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>enzyme inhibition</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>acyl glucuronides</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>immunology</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>drug design</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>MED21273</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-SNL1QDCP-7</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>reviewArticle</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The decline in approval of new drugs during the past decade has led to a close analysis of the drug discovery process. One of the main reasons for attrition is preclinical toxicity, frequently attributed to the generation of protein‐reactive drug metabolites. In this review, we present a critique of such reactive metabolites and evaluate the evidence linking them to observed toxic effects. Methodology for the characterization of reactive metabolites has advanced greatly in recent years, and is summarized first. Next, we consider the inhibition of key metabolic enzymes by electrophilic metabolites, as well as unfavorable drug–drug interactions that may ensue. One important class of protein‐reactive metabolites, not linked conclusively to a toxic event, is acyl glucuronides. Their properties are discussed in light of the safety characteristics of carboxylic acid containing drugs. Many adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are known collectively as idiosyncratic events, that is, not predictable from knowledge of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of the parent compound. Observed ADRs may take various forms. Specific organ injury, particularly of the liver, is the most direct: we examine this in some detail. Moving to the cellular level, we also consider the upregulation of induced cellular processes. The related, but distinct, issue of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to drugs and their metabolites, possibly via the immune system, is considered next. Finally, we discuss the impact of such data on the drug discovery process, both through early detection of reactive metabolites and informed synthetic design, which eliminates unfavorable functionality from drug candidates.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>9.976</score><pdfWordCount>45060</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>287700</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>96</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>504 x 720 pts</pdfPageSize><pdfWordsPerPage>469</pdfWordsPerPage><pdfText>true</pdfText><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>248</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1696</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>9</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>The Generation, Detection, and Effects of Reactive Drug Metabolites</title><pmid><json:string>23090860</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>review-article</json:string></genre><host><title>Medicinal Research Reviews</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1098-1128</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>0198-6325</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1098-1128</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>MED</json:string></publisherId><volume>33</volume><issue>5</issue><pages><first>985</first><last>1080</last><total>96</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Review Article</value></json:item><json:item><value>Review Articles</value></json:item></subject></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2000</json:string><json:string>2001</json:string><json:string>2012-09-07</json:string><json:string>1998</json:string></date><geogName><json:string>AhR</json:string></geogName><orgName><json:string>Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</json:string><json:string>UK of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Box</json:string><json:string>WHO</json:string><json:string>Medicinal Research Reviews</json:string><json:string>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</json:string><json:string>Liverpool John Moores University</json:string><json:string>Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool</json:string><json:string>University of Shef</json:string><json:string>US Food and Drug</json:string><json:string>MyiLibrary</json:string><json:string>Medicinal Research Reviews DOI</json:string><json:string>Department of Chemistry, Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool</json:string><json:string>UK National Health Service</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>C. Assays</json:string><json:string>D. Role</json:string><json:string>E. Acetaminophen</json:string><json:string>F. Summary</json:string><json:string>C. Nevirapine</json:string><json:string>Martin S. Lennard</json:string><json:string>E. Conclusions</json:string><json:string>B. Glutathione</json:string><json:string>Hayley Callan</json:string><json:string>Andrew V. Stachulski</json:string><json:string>Kevin Park</json:string><json:string>Jaiswal</json:string><json:string>E. P. Goldring</json:string><json:string>Scott Obach</json:string><json:string>Dean J. Naisbitt</json:string><json:string>F. Conclusions</json:string><json:string>A. Introduction</json:string><json:string>B. Sulfamethoxazole</json:string><json:string>In</json:string><json:string>John Farrell</json:string><json:string>The</json:string><json:string>Luis Castrejon</json:string><json:string>IVa Type</json:string><json:string>Laura E. Randle</json:string><json:string>Neil R. Kitteringham</json:string><json:string>Glutathione-Dependent</json:string><json:string>K. Dalvie</json:string><json:string>Phase</json:string><json:string>J. L. Chia</json:string><json:string>V. Relationship</json:string><json:string>D. Relevance</json:string><json:string>Thomas A. Baillie</json:string><json:string>E. Postscript</json:string><json:string>E. Summary</json:string><json:string>La Jolla</json:string><json:string>Sankaranarayanan</json:string><json:string>Sophie L. Regan</json:string><json:string>Daniel J. Antoine</json:string><json:string>Dominic P. Williams</json:string><json:string>C. Description</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Cytotoxicity</json:string><json:string>United States</json:string><json:string>UK</json:string><json:string>Toxicity</json:string><json:string>Liverpool</json:string><json:string>DILI</json:string><json:string>Hepatotoxicity</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Zhang et al.</json:string><json:string>Shore et al.</json:string><json:string>Popovic et al.</json:string><json:string>Obach et al.</json:string><json:string>Blazka et al.</json:string><json:string>Ju et al.</json:string><json:string>Claes et al.</json:string><json:string>Kobayashi et al.</json:string><json:string>Mayhew et al.</json:string><json:string>Inoue et al.</json:string><json:string>Evans et al.</json:string><json:string>Miura et al.</json:string><json:string>Ghanbari et al.</json:string><json:string>Van et al.</json:string><json:string>Bolze et al.</json:string><json:string>Venkatakrishnan et al.</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-SNL1QDCP-7</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - pharmacology & pharmacy</json:string><json:string>2 - chemistry, medicinal</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - natural sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - chemistry</json:string><json:string>3 - medicinal & biomolecular chemistry</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics</json:string><json:string>3 - Drug Discovery</json:string><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics</json:string><json:string>3 - Pharmacology</json:string><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology</json:string><json:string>3 - Molecular Medicine</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2013</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2013</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/med.21273</json:string></doi><id>5B8B84BF28C756A32B9EF6F3E864219FC5600AC0</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-SNL1QDCP-7/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-SNL1QDCP-7/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-SNL1QDCP-7/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">The Generation, Detection, and Effects of Reactive Drug Metabolites</title><title level="a" type="short">REACTIVE DRUG METABOLITES</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher ref="https://scientific-publisher.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/H02-QW5Q88H5-V">Wiley Publishing Ltd</publisher><availability><licence>© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2013-09"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="review-article" source="reviewArticle" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="review-article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The Generation, Detection, and Effects of Reactive Drug Metabolites</title><title level="a" type="short">REACTIVE DRUG METABOLITES</title><author xml:id="author-0000" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Andrew V.</forename><surname>Stachulski</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">Andrew Stachulski</hi> graduated from the University of Cambridge in 1971 and completed his PhD there in 1974. Following postdoctoral research with the MRC and at the University of Oxford, he joined Beecham Pharmaceuticals (later SmithKline Beecham) in 1978, becoming a Principal Scientific Officer and team leader. In 1991, he joined Ultrafine Chemicals (Manchester) and became their Research Manager (1993). In 2001, he took up a lectureship at the University of Liverpool, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2003. From 2010, he took up a Senior Research Fellowship, initially at the University of Oxford, to work in antiviral research but returned to the University of Liverpool in 2011. His research interests are in organic synthesis, natural product chemistry with a particular interest in carbohydrates, medicinal chemistry, and drug metabolism and toxicity, with an emphasis on the synthetic challenges involved. He has published 90 research papers and review articles and has been an FRSC since 1998. He is a member of the Biological and Medicinal Sector and Carbohydrate Group committees of the RSC.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Chemistry, Robert Robinson Laboratories</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Liverpool</orgName><address><settlement>Liverpool</settlement><postCode>L69 7ZD</postCode><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Thomas A.</forename><surname>Baillie</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">Thomas A. Baillie</hi> currently is Dean of the School of Pharmacy at the University of Washington in Seattle, WA. He was born in Scotland and educated at the University of Glasgow, where he earned BSc (Hons) and PhD degrees in Chemistry in 1970 and 1973, respectively. He also holds an MSc degree in Biochemistry from the University of London (1978) and was awarded the degree of DSc in Chemistry from the University of Glasgow in 1992. Following postdoctoral research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden (1973–1975), Dr. Baillie held successive faculty positions at the University of London (1975–1978), University of California San Francisco (1978–1981), and University of Washington (1981–1994). He then joined Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, PA, where he was Global Vice President of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics until 2008, when he returned to the University of Washington to assume his present responsibilities. Dr. Baillie's research interests center on the application of mass spectrometry and allied techniques to mechanistic studies on the metabolism of foreign compounds, with particular emphasis on the generation of chemically reactive, potentially toxic products of biotransformation. He has coauthored some 200 peer‐reviewed publications, serves on the Advisory Boards of a number of journals and academic research centers, and acts as a consultant to several companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">School of Pharmacy</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Washington</orgName><address><street>Box 357631</street><settlement>Seattle</settlement><region>Washington</region><postCode>98195‐7631</postCode></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">B.</forename><surname>Kevin Park</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">B. Kevin Park</hi> became a Lecturer in 1976 in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the University of Liverpool, where he is now a Professor of Pharmacology and Head of the School of Biomedical Sciences. He was awarded Honorary Membership of the Royal College of Physicians in 1995 and became a Fellow in 2009. He is also a Commissioner on Human Medicines, an Executive Officer in the British Toxicology Society, a member of the MRC Physiological Medicines and Infections Board, and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences. He has authored more than 400 peer‐reviewed publications. He was a Wellcome Principal Research Fellow from 1989 to 1999. Other distinctions include the Sandoz Prize for Pharmacology, the Pfizer Medal for Innovative Science, the SmithKline and Beecham Prize for Clinical Pharmacology, and The Werner Kalow Lectureship (Canada). More recently he has established the MRC Centre for Drug Safety Studies, of which he is Director, at Liverpool. His research continues to center on addressing the problem of adverse drug reactions with the twin aims of improving drug design and delivering individualized medicines.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</orgName><orgName type="division">MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science</orgName><orgName type="division">Institute of Translational Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Liverpool</orgName><address><street>Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street</street><settlement>Liverpool L69 3GE</settlement><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">R.</forename><surname>Scott Obach</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">R. Scott Obach</hi> is a Senior Research Fellow in the Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Drug Metabolism Department at Pfizer in Groton, CT. He earned his PhD in Biochemistry from Brandeis University in 1990, followed by a postdoctoral fellowship in 1990–1992 at the New York State Department of Health Research Laboratories. In 1992, Scott joined the Drug Metabolism Department at Pfizer Inc. as a Research Scientist. He currently serves on the editorial boards of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Chemical Research in Toxicology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Xenobiotica. He is an author or coauthor of more than 130 research publications and has given invited oral presentations at more than 40 scientific conferences. His research interests include application of in vitro approaches to study drug metabolism, prediction of human pharmacokinetics and drug interactions, mechanisms of cytochrome P‐450 catalysis, and other biotransformation reactions, including generation of chemically reactive metabolites.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism</orgName><orgName type="institution">Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development</orgName><address><settlement>Groton</settlement><region>Connecticut 06340</region></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Deepak K.</forename><surname>Dalvie</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">Deepak K. Dalvie</hi> is a Research Fellow at Pfizer Global Research and Development in the Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism in La Jolla, CA. He received his BSc in Chemistry and MScin the Technology of Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemicals at the University of Bombay, India, and his PhD in Medicinal Chemistry at SUNY Buffalo, NY. Following postdoctoral research in the areas of chemistry and metabolism under the supervision of first Professor Richard Sundberg at the University of Virginia and then Professor Neal Castagnoli at Virginia Tech; he joined Pfizer as a research scientist in 1992. His research interests include the biotransformation and bioactivation of xenobiotics and understanding the molecular mechanisms of drug metabolism and metabolic activation. He has authored and coauthored several papers in this area and has published several reviews in these fields. He is an Associate Editor for Drug Metabolism and Disposition and serves on the editorial board of Xenobiotica. He is also a reviewer of manuscripts for journals such as Chemical Research in Toxicology and Current Drug Metabolism.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism</orgName><orgName type="institution">Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development</orgName><address><settlement>La Jolla</settlement><region>California 94121</region></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Dominic P.</forename><surname>Williams</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">Dominic P. Williams’</hi> research involves qualification and quantification of the nature of the chemical stress relating to pharmacokinetics and organelle, cell, tissue and in vivo response to the insult. He was appointed to the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Liverpool in 2001, as the Pfizer New Blood Lecturer in Drug Metabolism. He gained tenureship in 2004 and a senior lectureship in 2008 and currently works within the MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science (CDSS). He won the 2006 BTS Young Investigator Award, currently sits in the Scientific Subcommittee of the BTS and has more than 50 publications in the field of Drug Safety. He is a member of the ABRHP, an MHRA Expert Advisory Group. Since 2001, DW has brought in over £7M of research funding. Through the CDSS, he is part of a number of EU initiatives (SAFE‐T, SafeSciMET and MIP‐DILI). DW has close links with the public communication charities Sense About Science, the Science Media Centre and Understanding Animal Research.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</orgName><orgName type="division">MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science</orgName><orgName type="division">Institute of Translational Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Liverpool</orgName><address><street>Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street</street><settlement>Liverpool L69 3GE</settlement><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">Abhishek</forename><surname>Srivastava</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">Abhishek Srivastava</hi> completed his PhD in Pharmacology at The University of Liverpool in 2009. His PhD project mainly involved the investigation of metabolism and bioactivation of the anti‐HIV drug nevirapine. Currently, Abhishek is working as a postdoctoral research assistant in the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Abhishek's research interests lie in development and validation of various analytical methods such as LC‐MS/MS for analysis of proteins, drugs, and metabolites in various biological compartments.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</orgName><orgName type="division">MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science</orgName><orgName type="division">Institute of Translational Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Liverpool</orgName><address><street>Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street</street><settlement>Liverpool L69 3GE</settlement><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">Sophie L.</forename><surname>Regan</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">Sophie L. Regan</hi> Dr. Sophie L. Regan obtained her PhD in Pharmacology and Toxicology in 2009 at the University of Liverpool following completion of a BSc (Hons) Pharmacology degree at the University of Liverpool in 2005. Her research area encompasses investigations into the role of drug bioactivation in the underlying pathogenesis of drug‐induced liver injury, assessing the downstream consequences. Her PhD research specifically focused on the use of in vitro systems for the investigation of hepatotoxicity and hepatocarcinogenesis. On completion of the PhD, she took up a position as a postdoctoral research scientist in the Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology at the University of Liverpool. Interests in drug‐induced liver injury were further extended, investigating the physiological and toxicological implications of acyl glucuronide formation, using both in vitro and in vivo models in parallel.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</orgName><orgName type="division">MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science</orgName><orgName type="division">Institute of Translational Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Liverpool</orgName><address><street>Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street</street><settlement>Liverpool L69 3GE</settlement><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0008"><persName><forename type="first">Daniel J.</forename><surname>Antoine</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">Dan J. Antoine</hi> (BSc (Hons), PhD) is a postdoctoral Research Fellow based at the MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science at the University of Liverpool. His research focuses on the investigation and development of biomarkers that sensitively identify and inform the mechanistic basis of drug‐induced liver and kidney injury and aid the development of therapeutic interventions. Following his undergraduate training, Dr Antoine completed his PhD (Pharmacology—2008) in Professor Kevin Park's laboratory at the University of Liverpool. Dr Antoine is currently the Chairman of the British Toxicology Society's (BTS) Early Career Toxicologists Subcommittee (ECTSC) and is Treasurer for the In Vitro Toxicology Society (IVTS). Dr. Antoine has previously worked in research posts within molecular toxicology and drug safety evaluation at AstraZeneca and within renal toxicology at the Harvard Medical School (Boston, MA). Dr. Antoine has coauthored a number of peer‐reviewed publications in the field of drug safety science and has received a number of awards including the GlaxoSmithKline undergraduate research prize from the University of Liverpool, the BTS Norman Aldridge traveling fellowship and an International Travelling Fellowship from the Royal Society.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</orgName><orgName type="division">MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science</orgName><orgName type="division">Institute of Translational Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Liverpool</orgName><address><street>Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street</street><settlement>Liverpool L69 3GE</settlement><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0009"><persName><forename type="first">Christopher E. P.</forename><surname>Goldring</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">Christopher E. P. Goldring</hi> completed his BSc in Biochemistry at Liverpool John Moores University in 1986 and his PhD in Biochemistry at Guy's Hospital, London, in 1991. He was a Wellcome Trust Travelling Research Scholar to Xi'an University, China, in 1988–1989 and an Erasmus Visiting Scholar at the University of Siena, Italy, 1991. Following further research and teaching at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Bourgogne, France, and the Department of Nephrology, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland he moved to The Drug Safety Group at the University of Liverpool, in 1999, that has now developed into the United Kingdom's first MRC Centre specializing in the science of drug safety. He is currently a Senior Lecturer in the abovementioned Centre and a member of the Stem Cells for Safer Medicines consortium. He is also supported by BBSRC, Wellcome Trust, and MRC funding.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</orgName><orgName type="division">MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science</orgName><orgName type="division">Institute of Translational Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Liverpool</orgName><address><street>Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street</street><settlement>Liverpool L69 3GE</settlement><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0010"><persName><forename type="first">Alvin J. L.</forename><surname>Chia</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">Alvin J. L. Chia</hi> obtained a first‐class BSc in Pharmacology at the University of Liverpool in 2006 and completed his PhD in the MRC Centre of Drug Safety Science at the Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool in 2011. He was funded by an Overseas Research Students Awards Scheme (ORSAS), UK recipient, from 2008 to 2011. Currently, he is a Research Fellow in the School of Biological Sciences at the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</orgName><orgName type="division">MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science</orgName><orgName type="division">Institute of Translational Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Liverpool</orgName><address><street>Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street</street><settlement>Liverpool L69 3GE</settlement><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0011"><persName><forename type="first">Neil R.</forename><surname>Kitteringham</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">Neil R. Kitteringham</hi> is a Senior Lecturer in the MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science at the University of Liverpool. He graduated with a BSc in Pharmacology, Aberdeen University, 1977 and was awarded a PhD in Pharmacology, University of Aberdeen, in 1981. Following a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Essen, Germany, from 1981 to 1983, he took up a Lectureship at Liverpool in 1983. He currently works in the MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science at Liverpool, where he is in charge of Bioanalysis. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the British Society for Proteome Research and is Membership Secretary of the Society; he is also a Member of the Stem Cells for Safer Medicines consortium. He is also supported by CR‐UK, Wellcome Trust and MRC funding.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</orgName><orgName type="division">MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science</orgName><orgName type="division">Institute of Translational Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Liverpool</orgName><address><street>Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street</street><settlement>Liverpool L69 3GE</settlement><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0012"><persName><forename type="first">Laura E.</forename><surname>Randle</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">Laura E. Randle</hi> graduated from the University of Liverpool in 2001 with a BSc in Pharmacology and remained there to study for a PhD, which she completed in 2005. Following two spells of postdoctoral research she took up a lectureship at Liverpool John Moores University, Department of Pharmacy in 2009. Her research is centered on the understanding of adverse drug reactions especially as manifested in liver disease, with an emphasis on the study of signaling pathways using proteomic methods. She also has a research involvement in the metabolism of new antimalarial agents. She has published a number or research papers in high‐impact journals and made contributions at many conferences.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science</orgName><orgName type="institution">Liverpool John Moores University</orgName><address><street>James Parsons Building, Byrom Street</street><settlement>Liverpool L3 3AF</settlement><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0013"><persName><forename type="first">Hayley</forename><surname>Callan</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">Hayley Callan</hi> recently completed her PhD thesis entitled “Proteomic analysis of drug metabolite protein binding and the functional consequences of adduct formation” at the University of Liverpool. She is currently a postdoctoral Research Fellow at The University of Manchester.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</orgName><orgName type="division">MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science</orgName><orgName type="division">Institute of Translational Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Liverpool</orgName><address><street>Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street</street><settlement>Liverpool L69 3GE</settlement><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0014"><persName><forename type="first">J. Luis</forename><surname>Castrejon</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">J. Luis Castrejon</hi> recently completed his PhD thesis entitled “The chemical synthesis of sulphonamide metabolites and their role in drug hypersensitivity” at the University of Liverpool. He is currently a Lecturer at Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnologia, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, México DF, México.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</orgName><orgName type="division">MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science</orgName><orgName type="division">Institute of Translational Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Liverpool</orgName><address><street>Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street</street><settlement>Liverpool L69 3GE</settlement><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0015"><persName><forename type="first">John</forename><surname>Farrell</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">John Farrell</hi> is a Senior Technician at the University of Liverpool with over 15 years experience in cellular immunological methods. He has published extensively in the field of drug allergy.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</orgName><orgName type="division">MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science</orgName><orgName type="division">Institute of Translational Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Liverpool</orgName><address><street>Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street</street><settlement>Liverpool L69 3GE</settlement><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0016"><persName><forename type="first">Dean J.</forename><surname>Naisbitt</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">Dean J. Naisbitt</hi> graduated with a BSc in Chemistry with Pharmacology in 1994 and completed a PhD in Pharmacology in 1998, both at the University of Liverpool. Subsequently, he worked at the Institute of Allergy and Immunology in Bern, Switzerland. Currently he is a Senior Lecturer in Pharmacology at The University of Liverpool. His main research involves investigations into the chemical and cellular basis of hypersensitivity reactions to drugs and chemicals. He has published more than 70 peer‐reviewed articles, with over 2000 citations and an H‐index of 27. He has been awarded 13 prizes for achievements in research and academia, notably a Wellcome Trust Research Career development Fellowship. He is a full member of The British Pharmacology Society, The British Toxicology Society and the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</orgName><orgName type="division">MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science</orgName><orgName type="division">Institute of Translational Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Liverpool</orgName><address><street>Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street</street><settlement>Liverpool L69 3GE</settlement><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0017"><persName><forename type="first">Martin S.</forename><surname>Lennard</surname></persName><state type="biography"><desc><hi rend="bold">Martin S. Lennard</hi> received BSc and MSc degrees from the University of Birmingham, UK studying chemistry, and was then awarded a PhD degree in pharmacology at the University of Sheffield, UK in 1981. He was appointed to a lectureship in pharmacology at the University of Sheffield in 1988 and promoted to Reader in 1994. Dr. Lennard's major field of interest is the study of the fate of drugs in humans and, its role in drug action and toxicity and susceptibility to disease. Specific areas of research include pharmacogenetics, stereochemical, and ethnic aspects of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, drug–drug interactions, and structure–activity relationships for cytochrome P‐450 enzymes. He has published about 130 peer‐reviewed articles in these fields. Dr. Lennard is a former Editor of the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, and a Fellow of the British Pharmacological Society.
</desc></state><affiliation><orgName type="division">Academic Unit of Medical Education</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Sheffield</orgName><address><street>85 Wilkinson Street</street><settlement>Sheffield S10 2GJ</settlement><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">5B8B84BF28C756A32B9EF6F3E864219FC5600AC0</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-SNL1QDCP-7</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/med.21273</idno><idno type="unit">MED21273</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:MED.MED21273.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Medicinal Research Reviews</title><title level="j" type="alt">MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS</title><idno type="pISSN">0198-6325</idno><idno type="eISSN">1098-1128</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1098-1128</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1002/med.2013.33.issue-5</idno><idno type="product">MED</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">33</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="985">985</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1080">1080</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">96</biblScope><date type="published" when="2013-09"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><encodingDesc><schemaRef type="ODD" url="https://xml-schema.delivery.istex.fr/tei-istex.odd"></schemaRef><appInfo><application ident="pub2tei" version="1.0.10" when="2019-12-20"><label>pub2TEI-ISTEX</label><desc>A set of style sheets for converting XML documents encoded in various scientific publisher formats into a common TEI format.
<ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/">We use TEI</ref></desc></application></appInfo></encodingDesc><profileDesc><abstract style="main"><head>Abstract</head><p>The decline in approval of new drugs during the past decade has led to a close analysis of the drug discovery process. One of the main reasons for attrition is preclinical toxicity, frequently attributed to the generation of protein‐reactive drug metabolites. In this review, we present a critique of such reactive metabolites and evaluate the evidence linking them to observed toxic effects. Methodology for the characterization of reactive metabolites has advanced greatly in recent years, and is summarized first. Next, we consider the inhibition of key metabolic enzymes by electrophilic metabolites, as well as unfavorable drug–drug interactions that may ensue. One important class of protein‐reactive metabolites, not linked conclusively to a toxic event, is acyl glucuronides. Their properties are discussed in light of the safety characteristics of carboxylic acid containing drugs. Many adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are known collectively as idiosyncratic events, that is, not predictable from knowledge of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of the parent compound. Observed ADRs may take various forms. Specific organ injury, particularly of the liver, is the most direct: we examine this in some detail. Moving to the cellular level, we also consider the upregulation of induced cellular processes. The related, but distinct, issue of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to drugs and their metabolites, possibly via the immune system, is considered next. Finally, we discuss the impact of such data on the drug discovery process, both through early detection of reactive metabolites and informed synthetic design, which eliminates unfavorable functionality from drug candidates.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords><term xml:id="med21273-kwd-0001">reactive drug metabolites</term><term xml:id="med21273-kwd-0002">covalent binding</term><term xml:id="med21273-kwd-0003">drug‐induced toxicity</term><term xml:id="med21273-kwd-0004">drug–drug interactions</term><term xml:id="med21273-kwd-0005">cytochromes P‐450</term><term xml:id="med21273-kwd-0006">enzyme inhibition</term><term xml:id="med21273-kwd-0007">acyl glucuronides</term><term xml:id="med21273-kwd-0008">immunology</term><term xml:id="med21273-kwd-0009">drug design</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Review Article</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Review Articles</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2019-12-20" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-SNL1QDCP-7/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en" xml:id="med21273"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1098-1128</doi><issn type="print">0198-6325</issn><issn type="electronic">1098-1128</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MED"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS">Medicinal Research Reviews</title><title type="short">Med. Res. Rev.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="09105"><doi>10.1002/med.2013.33.issue-5</doi><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="33">33</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">5</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2013-09">September 2013</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="30" type="reviewArticle" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1002/med.21273</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="MED21273"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="96"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Review Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Review Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="xmlCreated" agent="Aptara" date="2012-09-07"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2012-10-22"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2012-10-22"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2013-08-02"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-02"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.6.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-10-03"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">985</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">1080</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo><i>Correspondence to</i>: Andrew V. Stachulski, Department of Chemistry, Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK. E‐mail: <email>stachuls@liv.ac.uk</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:MED.MED21273.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">The Generation, Detection, and Effects of Reactive Drug Metabolites</title><title type="shortAuthors">STACHULSKI ET AL.</title><title type="short">REACTIVE DRUG METABOLITES</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0001" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0001" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Andrew V.</givenNames><familyName>Stachulski</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0001"><p><b>Andrew Stachulski</b> graduated from the University of Cambridge in 1971 and completed his PhD there in 1974. Following postdoctoral research with the MRC and at the University of Oxford, he joined Beecham Pharmaceuticals (later SmithKline Beecham) in 1978, becoming a Principal Scientific Officer and team leader. In 1991, he joined Ultrafine Chemicals (Manchester) and became their Research Manager (1993). In 2001, he took up a lectureship at the University of Liverpool, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2003. From 2010, he took up a Senior Research Fellowship, initially at the University of Oxford, to work in antiviral research but returned to the University of Liverpool in 2011. His research interests are in organic synthesis, natural product chemistry with a particular interest in carbohydrates, medicinal chemistry, and drug metabolism and toxicity, with an emphasis on the synthetic challenges involved. He has published 90 research papers and review articles and has been an FRSC since 1998. He is a member of the Biological and Medicinal Sector and Carbohydrate Group committees of the RSC.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0002" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>Thomas A.</givenNames><familyName>Baillie</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0002"><p><b>Thomas A. Baillie</b> currently is Dean of the School of Pharmacy at the University of Washington in Seattle, WA. He was born in Scotland and educated at the University of Glasgow, where he earned BSc (Hons) and PhD degrees in Chemistry in 1970 and 1973, respectively. He also holds an MSc degree in Biochemistry from the University of London (1978) and was awarded the degree of DSc in Chemistry from the University of Glasgow in 1992. Following postdoctoral research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden (1973–1975), Dr. Baillie held successive faculty positions at the University of London (1975–1978), University of California San Francisco (1978–1981), and University of Washington (1981–1994). He then joined Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, PA, where he was Global Vice President of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics until 2008, when he returned to the University of Washington to assume his present responsibilities. Dr. Baillie's research interests center on the application of mass spectrometry and allied techniques to mechanistic studies on the metabolism of foreign compounds, with particular emphasis on the generation of chemically reactive, potentially toxic products of biotransformation. He has coauthored some 200 peer‐reviewed publications, serves on the Advisory Boards of a number of journals and academic research centers, and acts as a consultant to several companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0003" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>B.</givenNames><familyName>Kevin Park</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0003"><p><b>B. Kevin Park</b> became a Lecturer in 1976 in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the University of Liverpool, where he is now a Professor of Pharmacology and Head of the School of Biomedical Sciences. He was awarded Honorary Membership of the Royal College of Physicians in 1995 and became a Fellow in 2009. He is also a Commissioner on Human Medicines, an Executive Officer in the British Toxicology Society, a member of the MRC Physiological Medicines and Infections Board, and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences. He has authored more than 400 peer‐reviewed publications. He was a Wellcome Principal Research Fellow from 1989 to 1999. Other distinctions include the Sandoz Prize for Pharmacology, the Pfizer Medal for Innovative Science, the SmithKline and Beecham Prize for Clinical Pharmacology, and The Werner Kalow Lectureship (Canada). More recently he has established the MRC Centre for Drug Safety Studies, of which he is Director, at Liverpool. His research continues to center on addressing the problem of adverse drug reactions with the twin aims of improving drug design and delivering individualized medicines.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0004" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0004"><personName><givenNames>R.</givenNames><familyName>Scott Obach</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0004"><p><b>R. Scott Obach</b> is a Senior Research Fellow in the Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Drug Metabolism Department at Pfizer in Groton, CT. He earned his PhD in Biochemistry from Brandeis University in 1990, followed by a postdoctoral fellowship in 1990–1992 at the New York State Department of Health Research Laboratories. In 1992, Scott joined the Drug Metabolism Department at Pfizer Inc. as a Research Scientist. He currently serves on the editorial boards of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Chemical Research in Toxicology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Xenobiotica. He is an author or coauthor of more than 130 research publications and has given invited oral presentations at more than 40 scientific conferences. His research interests include application of in vitro approaches to study drug metabolism, prediction of human pharmacokinetics and drug interactions, mechanisms of cytochrome P‐450 catalysis, and other biotransformation reactions, including generation of chemically reactive metabolites.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0005" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0005"><personName><givenNames>Deepak K.</givenNames><familyName>Dalvie</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0005"><p><b>Deepak K. Dalvie</b> is a Research Fellow at Pfizer Global Research and Development in the Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism in La Jolla, CA. He received his BSc in Chemistry and MScin the Technology of Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemicals at the University of Bombay, India, and his PhD in Medicinal Chemistry at SUNY Buffalo, NY. Following postdoctoral research in the areas of chemistry and metabolism under the supervision of first Professor Richard Sundberg at the University of Virginia and then Professor Neal Castagnoli at Virginia Tech; he joined Pfizer as a research scientist in 1992. His research interests include the biotransformation and bioactivation of xenobiotics and understanding the molecular mechanisms of drug metabolism and metabolic activation. He has authored and coauthored several papers in this area and has published several reviews in these fields. He is an Associate Editor for Drug Metabolism and Disposition and serves on the editorial board of Xenobiotica. He is also a reviewer of manuscripts for journals such as Chemical Research in Toxicology and Current Drug Metabolism.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0006" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Dominic P.</givenNames><familyName>Williams</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0006"><p><b>Dominic P. Williams’</b> research involves qualification and quantification of the nature of the chemical stress relating to pharmacokinetics and organelle, cell, tissue and in vivo response to the insult. He was appointed to the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Liverpool in 2001, as the Pfizer New Blood Lecturer in Drug Metabolism. He gained tenureship in 2004 and a senior lectureship in 2008 and currently works within the MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science (CDSS). He won the 2006 BTS Young Investigator Award, currently sits in the Scientific Subcommittee of the BTS and has more than 50 publications in the field of Drug Safety. He is a member of the ABRHP, an MHRA Expert Advisory Group. Since 2001, DW has brought in over £7M of research funding. Through the CDSS, he is part of a number of EU initiatives (SAFE‐T, SafeSciMET and MIP‐DILI). DW has close links with the public communication charities Sense About Science, the Science Media Centre and Understanding Animal Research.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0007" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Abhishek</givenNames><familyName>Srivastava</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0007"><p><b>Abhishek Srivastava</b> completed his PhD in Pharmacology at The University of Liverpool in 2009. His PhD project mainly involved the investigation of metabolism and bioactivation of the anti‐HIV drug nevirapine. Currently, Abhishek is working as a postdoctoral research assistant in the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Abhishek's research interests lie in development and validation of various analytical methods such as LC‐MS/MS for analysis of proteins, drugs, and metabolites in various biological compartments.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0008" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Sophie L.</givenNames><familyName>Regan</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0008"><p><b>Sophie L. Regan</b> Dr. Sophie L. Regan obtained her PhD in Pharmacology and Toxicology in 2009 at the University of Liverpool following completion of a BSc (Hons) Pharmacology degree at the University of Liverpool in 2005. Her research area encompasses investigations into the role of drug bioactivation in the underlying pathogenesis of drug‐induced liver injury, assessing the downstream consequences. Her PhD research specifically focused on the use of in vitro systems for the investigation of hepatotoxicity and hepatocarcinogenesis. On completion of the PhD, she took up a position as a postdoctoral research scientist in the Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology at the University of Liverpool. Interests in drug‐induced liver injury were further extended, investigating the physiological and toxicological implications of acyl glucuronide formation, using both in vitro and in vivo models in parallel.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0009" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Daniel J.</givenNames><familyName>Antoine</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0009"><p><b>Dan J. Antoine</b> (BSc (Hons), PhD) is a postdoctoral Research Fellow based at the MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science at the University of Liverpool. His research focuses on the investigation and development of biomarkers that sensitively identify and inform the mechanistic basis of drug‐induced liver and kidney injury and aid the development of therapeutic interventions. Following his undergraduate training, Dr Antoine completed his PhD (Pharmacology—2008) in Professor Kevin Park's laboratory at the University of Liverpool. Dr Antoine is currently the Chairman of the British Toxicology Society's (BTS) Early Career Toxicologists Subcommittee (ECTSC) and is Treasurer for the In Vitro Toxicology Society (IVTS). Dr. Antoine has previously worked in research posts within molecular toxicology and drug safety evaluation at AstraZeneca and within renal toxicology at the Harvard Medical School (Boston, MA). Dr. Antoine has coauthored a number of peer‐reviewed publications in the field of drug safety science and has received a number of awards including the GlaxoSmithKline undergraduate research prize from the University of Liverpool, the BTS Norman Aldridge traveling fellowship and an International Travelling Fellowship from the Royal Society.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0010" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Christopher E. P.</givenNames><familyName>Goldring</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0010"><p><b>Christopher E. P. Goldring</b> completed his BSc in Biochemistry at Liverpool John Moores University in 1986 and his PhD in Biochemistry at Guy's Hospital, London, in 1991. He was a Wellcome Trust Travelling Research Scholar to Xi'an University, China, in 1988–1989 and an Erasmus Visiting Scholar at the University of Siena, Italy, 1991. Following further research and teaching at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Bourgogne, France, and the Department of Nephrology, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland he moved to The Drug Safety Group at the University of Liverpool, in 1999, that has now developed into the United Kingdom's first MRC Centre specializing in the science of drug safety. He is currently a Senior Lecturer in the abovementioned Centre and a member of the Stem Cells for Safer Medicines consortium. He is also supported by BBSRC, Wellcome Trust, and MRC funding.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0011" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Alvin J. L.</givenNames><familyName>Chia</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0011"><p><b>Alvin J. L. Chia</b> obtained a first‐class BSc in Pharmacology at the University of Liverpool in 2006 and completed his PhD in the MRC Centre of Drug Safety Science at the Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool in 2011. He was funded by an Overseas Research Students Awards Scheme (ORSAS), UK recipient, from 2008 to 2011. Currently, he is a Research Fellow in the School of Biological Sciences at the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0012" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Neil R.</givenNames><familyName>Kitteringham</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0012"><p><b>Neil R. Kitteringham</b> is a Senior Lecturer in the MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science at the University of Liverpool. He graduated with a BSc in Pharmacology, Aberdeen University, 1977 and was awarded a PhD in Pharmacology, University of Aberdeen, in 1981. Following a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Essen, Germany, from 1981 to 1983, he took up a Lectureship at Liverpool in 1983. He currently works in the MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science at Liverpool, where he is in charge of Bioanalysis. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the British Society for Proteome Research and is Membership Secretary of the Society; he is also a Member of the Stem Cells for Safer Medicines consortium. He is also supported by CR‐UK, Wellcome Trust and MRC funding.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0013" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0006"><personName><givenNames>Laura E.</givenNames><familyName>Randle</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0013"><p><b>Laura E. Randle</b> graduated from the University of Liverpool in 2001 with a BSc in Pharmacology and remained there to study for a PhD, which she completed in 2005. Following two spells of postdoctoral research she took up a lectureship at Liverpool John Moores University, Department of Pharmacy in 2009. Her research is centered on the understanding of adverse drug reactions especially as manifested in liver disease, with an emphasis on the study of signaling pathways using proteomic methods. She also has a research involvement in the metabolism of new antimalarial agents. She has published a number or research papers in high‐impact journals and made contributions at many conferences.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0014" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Hayley</givenNames><familyName>Callan</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0014"><p><b>Hayley Callan</b> recently completed her PhD thesis entitled “Proteomic analysis of drug metabolite protein binding and the functional consequences of adduct formation” at the University of Liverpool. She is currently a postdoctoral Research Fellow at The University of Manchester.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0015" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>J. Luis</givenNames><familyName>Castrejon</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0015"><p><b>J. Luis Castrejon</b> recently completed his PhD thesis entitled “The chemical synthesis of sulphonamide metabolites and their role in drug hypersensitivity” at the University of Liverpool. He is currently a Lecturer at Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnologia, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, México DF, México.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0016" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>John</givenNames><familyName>Farrell</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0016"><p><b>John Farrell</b> is a Senior Technician at the University of Liverpool with over 15 years experience in cellular immunological methods. He has published extensively in the field of drug allergy.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0017" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Dean J.</givenNames><familyName>Naisbitt</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0017"><p><b>Dean J. Naisbitt</b> graduated with a BSc in Chemistry with Pharmacology in 1994 and completed a PhD in Pharmacology in 1998, both at the University of Liverpool. Subsequently, he worked at the Institute of Allergy and Immunology in Bern, Switzerland. Currently he is a Senior Lecturer in Pharmacology at The University of Liverpool. His main research involves investigations into the chemical and cellular basis of hypersensitivity reactions to drugs and chemicals. He has published more than 70 peer‐reviewed articles, with over 2000 citations and an H‐index of 27. He has been awarded 13 prizes for achievements in research and academia, notably a Wellcome Trust Research Career development Fellowship. He is a full member of The British Pharmacology Society, The British Toxicology Society and the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology.</p></biographyInfo></creator><creator xml:id="med21273-cr-0018" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#med21273-aff-0007"><personName><givenNames>Martin S.</givenNames><familyName>Lennard</familyName></personName><biographyInfo xml:id="med21273-biog-0018"><p><b>Martin S. Lennard</b> received BSc and MSc degrees from the University of Birmingham, UK studying chemistry, and was then awarded a PhD degree in pharmacology at the University of Sheffield, UK in 1981. He was appointed to a lectureship in pharmacology at the University of Sheffield in 1988 and promoted to Reader in 1994. Dr. Lennard's major field of interest is the study of the fate of drugs in humans and, its role in drug action and toxicity and susceptibility to disease. Specific areas of research include pharmacogenetics, stereochemical, and ethnic aspects of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, drug–drug interactions, and structure–activity relationships for cytochrome P‐450 enzymes. He has published about 130 peer‐reviewed articles in these fields. Dr. Lennard is a former Editor of the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, and a Fellow of the British Pharmacological Society.</p></biographyInfo></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="med21273-aff-0001" countryCode="GB"><orgDiv>Department of Chemistry, Robert Robinson Laboratories</orgDiv><orgName>University of Liverpool</orgName><address><city>Liverpool</city><postCode>L69 7ZD</postCode><country>UK</country></address></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="med21273-aff-0002"><orgDiv>School of Pharmacy</orgDiv><orgName>University of Washington</orgName><address><street>Box 357631</street><city>Seattle</city><countryPart>Washington</countryPart><postCode>98195‐7631</postCode></address></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="med21273-aff-0003" countryCode="GB"><orgDiv>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</orgDiv><orgDiv>MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science</orgDiv><orgDiv>Institute of Translational Medicine</orgDiv><orgName>University of Liverpool</orgName><address><street>Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street</street><city>Liverpool L69 3GE</city><country>UK</country></address></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="med21273-aff-0004"><orgDiv>Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism</orgDiv><orgName>Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development</orgName><address><city>Groton</city><countryPart>Connecticut 06340</countryPart></address></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="med21273-aff-0005"><orgDiv>Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism</orgDiv><orgName>Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development</orgName><address><city>La Jolla</city><countryPart>California 94121</countryPart></address></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="med21273-aff-0006" countryCode="GB"><orgDiv>School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science</orgDiv><orgName>Liverpool John Moores University</orgName><address><street>James Parsons Building, Byrom Street</street><city>Liverpool L3 3AF</city><country>UK</country></address></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="med21273-aff-0007" countryCode="GB"><orgDiv>Academic Unit of Medical Education</orgDiv><orgName>University of Sheffield</orgName><address><street>85 Wilkinson Street</street><city>Sheffield S10 2GJ</city><country>UK</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="med21273-kwd-0001">reactive drug metabolites</keyword><keyword xml:id="med21273-kwd-0002">covalent binding</keyword><keyword xml:id="med21273-kwd-0003">drug‐induced toxicity</keyword><keyword xml:id="med21273-kwd-0004">drug–drug interactions</keyword><keyword xml:id="med21273-kwd-0005">cytochromes P‐450</keyword><keyword xml:id="med21273-kwd-0006">enzyme inhibition</keyword><keyword xml:id="med21273-kwd-0007">acyl glucuronides</keyword><keyword xml:id="med21273-kwd-0008">immunology</keyword><keyword xml:id="med21273-kwd-0009">drug design</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>The decline in approval of new drugs during the past decade has led to a close analysis of the drug discovery process. One of the main reasons for attrition is preclinical toxicity, frequently attributed to the generation of protein‐reactive drug metabolites. In this review, we present a critique of such reactive metabolites and evaluate the evidence linking them to observed toxic effects. Methodology for the characterization of reactive metabolites has advanced greatly in recent years, and is summarized first. Next, we consider the inhibition of key metabolic enzymes by electrophilic metabolites, as well as unfavorable drug–drug interactions that may ensue. One important class of protein‐reactive metabolites, not linked conclusively to a toxic event, is acyl glucuronides. Their properties are discussed in light of the safety characteristics of carboxylic acid containing drugs. Many adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are known collectively as idiosyncratic events, that is, not predictable from knowledge of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of the parent compound. Observed ADRs may take various forms. Specific organ injury, particularly of the liver, is the most direct: we examine this in some detail. Moving to the cellular level, we also consider the upregulation of induced cellular processes. The related, but distinct, issue of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to drugs and their metabolites, possibly via the immune system, is considered next. Finally, we discuss the impact of such data on the drug discovery process, both through early detection of reactive metabolites and informed synthetic design, which eliminates unfavorable functionality from drug candidates.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>The Generation, Detection, and Effects of Reactive Drug Metabolites</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>REACTIVE DRUG METABOLITES</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>The Generation, Detection, and Effects of Reactive Drug Metabolites</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andrew V.</namePart><namePart type="family">Stachulski</namePart><affiliation>Department of Chemistry, Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZD, Liverpool, UK</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: stachuls@liv.ac.uk</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Thomas A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Baillie</namePart><affiliation>School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Box 357631, Washington, 98195‐7631, Seattle</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kevin Park</namePart><affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Scott Obach</namePart><affiliation>Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Connecticut 06340, Groton</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Deepak K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dalvie</namePart><affiliation>Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, California 94121, La Jolla</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dominic P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Abhishek</namePart><namePart type="family">Srivastava</namePart><affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sophie L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Regan</namePart><affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Daniel J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Antoine</namePart><affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Christopher E. P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Goldring</namePart><affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alvin J. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chia</namePart><affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Neil R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Laura E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Randle</namePart><affiliation>School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hayley</namePart><namePart type="family">Callan</namePart><affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. Luis</namePart><namePart type="family">Castrejon</namePart><affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrell</namePart><affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dean J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Martin S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lennard</namePart><affiliation>Academic Unit of Medical Education, University of Sheffield, 85 Wilkinson Street, Sheffield S10 2GJ, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="review-article" displayLabel="reviewArticle" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2013-09</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2012-09-07</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2013</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract>The decline in approval of new drugs during the past decade has led to a close analysis of the drug discovery process. One of the main reasons for attrition is preclinical toxicity, frequently attributed to the generation of protein‐reactive drug metabolites. In this review, we present a critique of such reactive metabolites and evaluate the evidence linking them to observed toxic effects. Methodology for the characterization of reactive metabolites has advanced greatly in recent years, and is summarized first. Next, we consider the inhibition of key metabolic enzymes by electrophilic metabolites, as well as unfavorable drug–drug interactions that may ensue. One important class of protein‐reactive metabolites, not linked conclusively to a toxic event, is acyl glucuronides. Their properties are discussed in light of the safety characteristics of carboxylic acid containing drugs. Many adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are known collectively as idiosyncratic events, that is, not predictable from knowledge of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of the parent compound. Observed ADRs may take various forms. Specific organ injury, particularly of the liver, is the most direct: we examine this in some detail. Moving to the cellular level, we also consider the upregulation of induced cellular processes. The related, but distinct, issue of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to drugs and their metabolites, possibly via the immune system, is considered next. Finally, we discuss the impact of such data on the drug discovery process, both through early detection of reactive metabolites and informed synthetic design, which eliminates unfavorable functionality from drug candidates.</abstract><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>reactive drug metabolites</topic><topic>covalent binding</topic><topic>drug‐induced toxicity</topic><topic>drug–drug interactions</topic><topic>cytochromes P‐450</topic><topic>enzyme inhibition</topic><topic>acyl glucuronides</topic><topic>immunology</topic><topic>drug design</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Medicinal Research Reviews</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Med. Res. Rev.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Review Article</topic><topic>Review Articles</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0198-6325</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1098-1128</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1098-1128</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">MED</identifier><part><date>2013</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>33</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>5</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>985</start><end>1080</end><total>96</total></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0001"><titleInfo><title>Property‐based design: Optimization of drug absorption and pharmacokinetics</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">De Waterbeemd</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Beaumont</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DK</namePart><namePart type="family">Walker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">De Waterbeemd H, Smith DA, Beaumont K, Walker DK. Property‐based design: Optimization of drug absorption and pharmacokinetics. J Med Chem 2001;44:1313–1333.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>44</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1313</start><end>1333</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Med Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>44</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1313</start><end>1333</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0002"><titleInfo><title>Can the pharmaceutical industry reduce attrition rates?</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Kola</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Landis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kola I, Landis J. Can the pharmaceutical industry reduce attrition rates? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2004;3:711–715.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>711</start><end>715</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Nat Rev Drug Discov</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>711</start><end>715</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0003"><titleInfo><title>Improving the decision‐making process in structural modification of drug candidates: Reducing toxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Nassar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AM</namePart><namePart type="family">Kamel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Clarimont</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Nassar AE, Kamel AM, Clarimont C. Improving the decision‐making process in structural modification of drug candidates: Reducing toxicity. Drug Discov Today 2004;9:1055–1064.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1055</start><end>1064</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Discov Today</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1055</start><end>1064</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0004"><titleInfo><title>A comprehensive listing of bioactivation pathways of organic functional groups</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalgutkar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Gardner</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart><namePart type="family">Obach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CL</namePart><namePart type="family">Shaffer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Callegari</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KR</namePart><namePart type="family">Henne</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Mutlib</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DK</namePart><namePart type="family">Dalvie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">O'Donnell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Boer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SP</namePart><namePart type="family">Harriman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kalgutkar AS, Gardner I, Obach RS, Shaffer CL, Callegari E, Henne KR, Mutlib AE, Dalvie DK, Lee JS, Nakai Y, O'Donnell JP, Boer J, Harriman SP. A comprehensive listing of bioactivation pathways of organic functional groups. Curr Drug Metab 2005;6:161–225.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>161</start><end>225</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Drug Metab</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>161</start><end>225</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0005"><titleInfo><title>Investigation of toxic metabolites during drug development</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Park BK, Williams DP, Naisbitt DJ, Kitteringham NR, Pirmohamed M. Investigation of toxic metabolites during drug development. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005;207:425–434.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>207</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>425</start><end>434</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicol Appl Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>207</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>425</start><end>434</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0006"><titleInfo><title>Drug‐protein adducts: An industry perspective on minimizing the potential for drug bioactivation in drug discovery and development</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DC</namePart><namePart type="family">Evans</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AP</namePart><namePart type="family">Watt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Nicol‐Griffith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TA</namePart><namePart type="family">Baillie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Evans DC, Watt AP, Nicol‐Griffith DA, Baillie TA. Drug‐protein adducts: An industry perspective on minimizing the potential for drug bioactivation in drug discovery and development. Chem Res Toxicol 2004;17:3–16.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3</start><end>16</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3</start><end>16</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0007"><titleInfo><title>Understanding the role of reactive metabolites in drug induced hepatotoxicity—State of science</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Antoine</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Antoine DJ, Williams DP, Park BK. Understanding the role of reactive metabolites in drug induced hepatotoxicity—State of science. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008;4:1415–1427.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1415</start><end>1427</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1415</start><end>1427</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0008"><titleInfo><title>Future of toxicology—Metabolic activation and drug design: Challenges and opportunities in chemical toxicology</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TA</namePart><namePart type="family">Baillie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Baillie, TA. Future of toxicology—Metabolic activation and drug design: Challenges and opportunities in chemical toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2006;19:889–893.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>889</start><end>893</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>889</start><end>893</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0009"><titleInfo><title>Acyl glucuronides: Biological activity, chemical reactivity, and chemical synthesis</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AV</namePart><namePart type="family">Stachulski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Harding</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart><namePart type="family">Lindon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Maggs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ID</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Stachulski AV, Harding JR, Lindon JC, Maggs JL, Park BK, Wilson ID. Acyl glucuronides: Biological activity, chemical reactivity, and chemical synthesis. J Med Chem 2006;49:6931–6945.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>49</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6931</start><end>6945</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Med Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>49</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6931</start><end>6945</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0010"><titleInfo><title>Role of biotransformation studies in minimizing metabolism‐related liabilities in drug discovery</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YZ</namePart><namePart type="family">Shu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BM</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Yang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Shu YZ, Johnson BM, Yang TJ. Role of biotransformation studies in minimizing metabolism‐related liabilities in drug discovery. AAPS J 2008;10:178–192.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>178</start><end>192</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>AAPS J</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>178</start><end>192</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0011"><titleInfo><title>The presence and significance of bound aminoazo dyes in the livers of rats fed p‐dimethylaminoazobenzene</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EC</namePart><namePart type="family">Miller</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Miller</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Miller EC, Miller JA. The presence and significance of bound aminoazo dyes in the livers of rats fed p‐dimethylaminoazobenzene. Cancer Res 1947;7:468–480.</note><part><date>1947</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>468</start><end>480</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Cancer Res</title></titleInfo><part><date>1947</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>468</start><end>480</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0012"><titleInfo><title>Reactive electrophiles and metabolic activation. Chapter 1.15</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart><namePart type="family">Obach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalguthkar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>book-chapter</genre><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>General Principles, in Comprehensive Toxicology</title></titleInfo><originInfo><publisher>Elsevier</publisher></originInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>1</number></detail></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0013"><titleInfo><title>A comprehensive listing of bioactivation pathways of organic functional groups</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalgutkar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Gardner</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart><namePart type="family">Obach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CL</namePart><namePart type="family">Shaffer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Callegari</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KR</namePart><namePart type="family">Henne</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Mutlib</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DK</namePart><namePart type="family">Dalvie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">O'Donnell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Boer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SP</namePart><namePart type="family">Harrinan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kalgutkar AS, Gardner I, Obach RS, Shaffer CL, Callegari E, Henne KR, Mutlib AE, Dalvie DK, Lee JS, Nakai Y, O'Donnell JP, Boer J, Harrinan SP. A comprehensive listing of bioactivation pathways of organic functional groups. Curr Drug Metab 2005;6:161–225.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>161</start><end>225</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Drug Metab</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>161</start><end>225</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0014"><titleInfo><title>Structure‐based methods for predicting mutagenicity and carcinogenicity: Are we there yet?</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AM</namePart><namePart type="family">Richard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Richard AM. Structure‐based methods for predicting mutagenicity and carcinogenicity: Are we there yet? Mut Res 1998;400:493–507.</note><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>400</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>493</start><end>507</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mut Res</title></titleInfo><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>400</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>493</start><end>507</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0015"><titleInfo><title>NADPH‐Dependent covalent binding of [3H]paroxetine to human liver microsomes and S‐9 fractions: Identification of an electrophilic quinone metabolite of paroxetine</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SX</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DK</namePart><namePart type="family">Dalvie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Kelly</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Soglia</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KS</namePart><namePart type="family">Frederick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EB</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart><namePart type="family">Obach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalgutkar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zhao SX, Dalvie DK, Kelly JM, Soglia JR, Frederick KS, Smith EB, Obach RS, Kalgutkar AS. NADPH‐Dependent covalent binding of [3H]paroxetine to human liver microsomes and S‐9 fractions: Identification of an electrophilic quinone metabolite of paroxetine. Chem Res Toxicol 2007;20:1649–1657.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1649</start><end>1657</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1649</start><end>1657</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0016"><titleInfo><title>Reactive metabolite screen for reducing candidate attrition in drug discovery</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WG</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Avery</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HG</namePart><namePart type="family">Fouda</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Chen WG, Zhang C, Avery MJ, Fouda HG. Reactive metabolite screen for reducing candidate attrition in drug discovery. Adv Exp Med Biol 2001;500:521–524.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>500</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>521</start><end>524</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Adv Exp Med Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>500</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>521</start><end>524</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0017"><titleInfo><title>Addressing the metabolic activation potential of new leads in drug discovery: A case study using ion trap mass spectrometry and tritium labeling techniques</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Samuel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart><namePart type="family">Yin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RA</namePart><namePart type="family">Stearns</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YS</namePart><namePart type="family">Tang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AG</namePart><namePart type="family">Chaudhary</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Jewell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Lanza</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LS</namePart><namePart type="family">Lin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WK</namePart><namePart type="family">Hagmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DC</namePart><namePart type="family">Evans</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Kumar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Samuel K, Yin W, Stearns RA, Tang YS, Chaudhary AG, Jewell JP, Lanza T, Lin LS, Hagmann WK, Evans DC, Kumar S. Addressing the metabolic activation potential of new leads in drug discovery: A case study using ion trap mass spectrometry and tritium labeling techniques. J Mass Spectrom 2003;38:211–221.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>38</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>211</start><end>221</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Mass Spectrom</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>38</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>211</start><end>221</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0018"><titleInfo><title>Cytochrome P450‐mediated epoxidation of 2‐aminothiazole‐based AKT inhibitors: Identification of novel GSH adducts and reduction of metabolic activation through structural changes guided by in silico and in vitro screening</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Subramanian</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MR</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JG</namePart><namePart type="family">Allen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MP</namePart><namePart type="family">Bourbeau</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Fotsch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FT</namePart><namePart type="family">Hong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Tadesse</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Yao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CC</namePart><namePart type="family">Yuan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Surapaneni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GL</namePart><namePart type="family">Skiles</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GE</namePart><namePart type="family">Wohlhieter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Q</namePart><namePart type="family">Zeng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Li</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Subramanian R, Lee MR, Allen, JG, Bourbeau MP, Fotsch C, Hong FT, Tadesse S, Yao G, Yuan CC, Surapaneni S, Skiles GL, Wang X, Wohlhieter GE, Zeng Q, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Li C. Cytochrome P450‐mediated epoxidation of 2‐aminothiazole‐based AKT inhibitors: Identification of novel GSH adducts and reduction of metabolic activation through structural changes guided by in silico and in vitro screening. Chem Res Toxicol 2010;23:653–663.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>653</start><end>663</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>653</start><end>663</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0019"><titleInfo><title>Trifluoromethylpyrimidine‐based inhibitors of proline‐rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2): Structure‐activity relationships and strategies for the elimination of reactive metabolite formation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Walker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FC</namePart><namePart type="family">Bi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalgutkar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JN</namePart><namePart type="family">Bauman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SX</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Soglia</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GE</namePart><namePart type="family">Aspnes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DW</namePart><namePart type="family">Kung</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Klug‐McLeod</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MP</namePart><namePart type="family">Zawistoski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MA</namePart><namePart type="family">McGlynn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Oliver</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Dunn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart><namePart type="family">Li</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DT</namePart><namePart type="family">Richter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BA</namePart><namePart type="family">Cooper</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart><namePart type="family">Kath</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CA</namePart><namePart type="family">Hulford</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CL</namePart><namePart type="family">Autry</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Luzzio</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Ung</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WG</namePart><namePart type="family">Roberts</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PC</namePart><namePart type="family">Bonnette</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Buckbinder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Mistry</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MC</namePart><namePart type="family">Griffor</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Han</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Guzman‐Perez</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Walker DP, Bi FC, Kalgutkar AS, Bauman, JN, Zhao SX, Soglia JR, Aspnes GE, Kung DW, Klug‐McLeod J, Zawistoski MP, McGlynn MA, Oliver R, Dunn M, Li JC, Richter DT, Cooper BA, Kath JC, Hulford CA, Autry CL, Luzzio MJ, Ung EJ, Roberts WG, Bonnette PC, Buckbinder L, Mistry A, Griffor MC, Han S, Guzman‐Perez A. Trifluoromethylpyrimidine‐based inhibitors of proline‐rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2): Structure‐activity relationships and strategies for the elimination of reactive metabolite formation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008;18:6071–6077.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6071</start><end>6077</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Bioorg Med Chem Lett</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6071</start><end>6077</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0020"><titleInfo><title>The development of a higher throughput reactive intermediate screening assay incorporating micro‐bore liquid chromatography‐micro‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry and glutathione ethyl ester as an in vitro conjugating agent</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Soglia</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SP</namePart><namePart type="family">Harriman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Barberia</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Cole</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JG</namePart><namePart type="family">Boyd</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LG</namePart><namePart type="family">Contillo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Soglia JR, Harriman SP, Zhao S, Barberia J, Cole MJ, Boyd JG, Contillo LG. The development of a higher throughput reactive intermediate screening assay incorporating micro‐bore liquid chromatography‐micro‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry and glutathione ethyl ester as an in vitro conjugating agent. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004;36:105–116.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>36</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>105</start><end>116</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharm Biomed Anal</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>36</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>105</start><end>116</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0021"><titleInfo><title>Negative ion tandem mass spectrometry for the detection of glutathione conjugates</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CM</namePart><namePart type="family">Dieckhaus</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CL</namePart><namePart type="family">Fernandez‐Metzler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">King</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PH</namePart><namePart type="family">Krolikowski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TA</namePart><namePart type="family">Baillie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Dieckhaus CM, Fernandez‐Metzler CL, King R, Krolikowski PH, Baillie TA. Negative ion tandem mass spectrometry for the detection of glutathione conjugates. Chem Res Toxicol 2005;18:630–638.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>630</start><end>638</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>630</start><end>638</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0022"><titleInfo><title>Stable‐isotope trapping and high‐throughput screenings of reactive metabolites using the isotope MS signature</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z</namePart><namePart type="family">Yan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GW</namePart><namePart type="family">Caldwell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Yan Z, Caldwell GW. Stable‐isotope trapping and high‐throughput screenings of reactive metabolites using the isotope MS signature. Anal Chem 2004;76:6835–6847.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>76</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6835</start><end>6847</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Anal Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>76</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6835</start><end>6847</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0023"><titleInfo><title>Application of stable isotope‐labeled compounds in metabolism and in metabolism‐mediated toxicity studies</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Daniels</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Espina</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Kao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Yuan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Lin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Diamond</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Rodgers</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Prakash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Unger</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Christ</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Miwa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LS</namePart><namePart type="family">Gan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Mutlib</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Daniels S, Espina R, Kao K, Yuan H, Lin J, Diamond S, Johnson B, Rodgers J, Prakash S, Unger S, Christ D, Miwa G, Gan LS, Mutlib AE. Application of stable isotope‐labeled compounds in metabolism and in metabolism‐mediated toxicity studies. Chem Res Toxicol 2008;21:1672–1689.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1672</start><end>1689</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1672</start><end>1689</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0024"><titleInfo><title>A high‐throughput liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for screening glutathione conjugates using exact mass neutral loss acquisition</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Castro‐Perez</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Plumb</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Liang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Yang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Castro‐Perez J, Plumb R, Liang L, Yang E. A high‐throughput liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for screening glutathione conjugates using exact mass neutral loss acquisition. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2005;19:798–804.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>798</start><end>804</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>798</start><end>804</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0025"><titleInfo><title>Screening and characterization of reactive metabolites using glutathione ethyl ester in combination with Q‐trap mass spectrometry</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Wen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WL</namePart><namePart type="family">Fitch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Wen B, Fitch WL. Screening and characterization of reactive metabolites using glutathione ethyl ester in combination with Q‐trap mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 2009;44:90–100.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>44</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>90</start><end>100</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Mass Spectrom</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>44</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>90</start><end>100</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0026"><titleInfo><title>Enhanced screening of glutathione‐trapped metabolites by in‐source collision‐induced dissociation and extraction of product ion using UHPLC‐high resolution mass spectrometry</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalyanaraman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Subramanian</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zhu X, Kalyanaraman N, Subramanian R. Enhanced screening of glutathione‐trapped metabolites by in‐source collision‐induced dissociation and extraction of product ion using UHPLC‐high resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011;83:9516–9523.</note><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>83</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>9516</start><end>9523</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Anal Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>83</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>9516</start><end>9523</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0027"><titleInfo><title>Rapid detection and characterization of reactive drug metabolites in vitro using several isotope‐labeled trapping agents and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Rousu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O</namePart><namePart type="family">Pelkonen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Tolonen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Rousu T, Pelkonen O, Tolonen A. Rapid detection and characterization of reactive drug metabolites in vitro using several isotope‐labeled trapping agents and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2009;23:843–855.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>843</start><end>855</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>843</start><end>855</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0028"><titleInfo><title>Peptide‐based in vitro assay for the detection of reactive metabolites</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MD</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MM</namePart><namePart type="family">Elrick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Walgren</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RA</namePart><namePart type="family">Mueller</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DL</namePart><namePart type="family">Morris</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DC</namePart><namePart type="family">Thompson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Mitchell MD, Elrick MM, Walgren JL, Mueller RA, Morris DL, Thompson DC. Peptide‐based in vitro assay for the detection of reactive metabolites. Chem Res Toxicol 2008;21:859–868.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>859</start><end>868</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>859</start><end>868</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0029"><titleInfo><title>Recent advances in applications of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of reactive drug metabolites</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Ma</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ma S, Zhu M. Recent advances in applications of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of reactive drug metabolites. Chem‐Biol Interact 2009;179:25–37.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>179</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>25</start><end>37</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem‐Biol Interact</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>179</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>25</start><end>37</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0030"><titleInfo><title>Cyanide trapping of iminium ion reactive intermediates followed by detection and structure identification using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS)</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Argoti</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Liang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Conteh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Bershas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CP</namePart><namePart type="family">Yu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Vouros</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Yang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Argoti D, Liang L, Conteh A, Chen L, Bershas D, Yu CP, Vouros P, Yang E. Cyanide trapping of iminium ion reactive intermediates followed by detection and structure identification using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Chem Res Toxicol 2005;18:1537–1544.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1537</start><end>1544</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1537</start><end>1544</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0031"><titleInfo><title>A semiquantitative method for the determination of reactive metabolite conjugate levels in vitro utilizing liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and novel quaternary ammonium glutathione analogs</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Soglia</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LG</namePart><namePart type="family">Contillo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalgutkar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CECA</namePart><namePart type="family">Hop</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JG</namePart><namePart type="family">Boyd</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Cole</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Soglia JR, Contillo LG, Kalgutkar AS, Zhao S, Hop CECA, Boyd JG, Cole MJ. A semiquantitative method for the determination of reactive metabolite conjugate levels in vitro utilizing liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and novel quaternary ammonium glutathione analogs. Chem Res Toxicol 2006;19:480–490.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>480</start><end>490</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>480</start><end>490</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0032"><titleInfo><title>Dansyl glutathione as a trapping agent for the quantitative estimation and identification of reactive metabolites</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Gan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TW</namePart><namePart type="family">Harper</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MM</namePart><namePart type="family">Hsueh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Q</namePart><namePart type="family">Qu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WG</namePart><namePart type="family">Humphreys</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Gan J, Harper TW, Hsueh MM, Qu Q, Humphreys WG. Dansyl glutathione as a trapping agent for the quantitative estimation and identification of reactive metabolites. Chem Res Toxicol 2005;18:896–903.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>896</start><end>903</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>896</start><end>903</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0033"><titleInfo><title>In vitro screening of 50 highly prescribed drugs for thiol adduct formation—Comparison of potential for drug‐induced toxicity and extent of adduct formation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Gan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Q</namePart><namePart type="family">Ruan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">He</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WC</namePart><namePart type="family">Shyu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GW</namePart><namePart type="family">Humphreys</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Gan J, Ruan Q, He B, Zhu M, Shyu WC, Humphreys GW. In vitro screening of 50 highly prescribed drugs for thiol adduct formation—Comparison of potential for drug‐induced toxicity and extent of adduct formation. Chem Res Toxicol 2009;22:690–698.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>690</start><end>698</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>690</start><end>698</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0034"><titleInfo><title>Quantitative assessment of reactive metabolite formation using 35S‐labeled glutathione</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Takakusa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Masumoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Makino</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O</namePart><namePart type="family">Okazaki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Sudo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Takakusa H, Masumoto H, Makino C, Okazaki O, Sudo K. Quantitative assessment of reactive metabolite formation using 35S‐labeled glutathione. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2009;24:100–107.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>100</start><end>107</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Pharmacokinet</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>100</start><end>107</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0035"><titleInfo><title>Trapping of reactive intermediates by incorporation of 14C‐sodium cyanide during microsomal oxidation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JW</namePart><namePart type="family">Gorrod</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CMC</namePart><namePart type="family">Whittlesea</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SP</namePart><namePart type="family">Lam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Gorrod JW, Whittlesea CMC, Lam SP. Trapping of reactive intermediates by incorporation of 14C‐sodium cyanide during microsomal oxidation. Adv Exp Med Biol 1991;283:657–664.</note><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>283</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>657</start><end>664</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Adv Exp Med Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>283</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>657</start><end>664</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0036"><titleInfo><title>A quantitative high‐throughput trapping assay as a measurement of potential for bioactivation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Meneses‐Lorente</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MZ</namePart><namePart type="family">Sakatis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Schulz‐Utermoehl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">De Nardi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AP</namePart><namePart type="family">Watt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Meneses‐Lorente G, Sakatis MZ, Schulz‐Utermoehl T, De Nardi C, Watt AP. A quantitative high‐throughput trapping assay as a measurement of potential for bioactivation. Anal Biochem 2006;351:266–272.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>351</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>266</start><end>272</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Anal Biochem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>351</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>266</start><end>272</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0037"><titleInfo><title>A trapping method for semi‐quantitative assessment of reactive metabolite formation using [35S]cysteine and [14C]cyanide</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Inoue</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Shibata</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Takahashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Ohe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Chiba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Ishii</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Inoue K, Shibata Y, Takahashi H, Ohe T, Chiba M, Ishii Y. A trapping method for semi‐quantitative assessment of reactive metabolite formation using [35S]cysteine and [14C]cyanide. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2009;24:245–54.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>245</start><end>54</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Pharmacokinet</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>245</start><end>54</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0038"><titleInfo><title>Quantitative assessment of the metabolic activation of alicyclic amines via aldehyde</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Miura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart><namePart type="family">Hori</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Kasahara</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakagawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Miura M, Hori W, Kasahara Y, Nakagawa I. Quantitative assessment of the metabolic activation of alicyclic amines via aldehyde. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2010;61:44–51.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>61</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>44</start><end>51</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>61</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>44</start><end>51</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0039"><titleInfo><title>The discovery of taranabant, a selective cannabinoid‐1 receptor inverse agonist for the treatment of obesity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WK</namePart><namePart type="family">Hagmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Hagmann WK. The discovery of taranabant, a selective cannabinoid‐1 receptor inverse agonist for the treatment of obesity. Arch Pharm Chem Life Sci 2008;341:405–411.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>341</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>405</start><end>411</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Arch Pharm Chem Life Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>341</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>405</start><end>411</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0040"><titleInfo><title>Can in vitro metabolism‐dependent covalent binding data in liver microsomes distinguish hepatotoxic from nonhepatotoxic drugs? An analysis of 18 drugs with consideration of intrinsic clearance and daily dose</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart><namePart type="family">Obach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalgutkar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Soglia</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SX</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Obach RS, Kalgutkar AS, Soglia JR, Zhao SX. Can in vitro metabolism‐dependent covalent binding data in liver microsomes distinguish hepatotoxic from nonhepatotoxic drugs? An analysis of 18 drugs with consideration of intrinsic clearance and daily dose. Chem Res Toxicol 2008;21:1814–1822.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1814</start><end>1822</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1814</start><end>1822</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0041"><titleInfo><title>Can in vitro metabolism‐dependent covalent binding data distinguish hepatotoxic from nonhepatotoxic drugs? An analysis using human hepatocytes and liver S‐9 fraction</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JN</namePart><namePart type="family">Bauman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Kelly</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Tripathy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SX</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WW</namePart><namePart type="family">Lam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalgutkar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart><namePart type="family">Obach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Bauman JN, Kelly JM, Tripathy S, Zhao SX, Lam WW, Kalgutkar AS, Obach RS. Can in vitro metabolism‐dependent covalent binding data distinguish hepatotoxic from nonhepatotoxic drugs? An analysis using human hepatocytes and liver S‐9 fraction. Chem Res Toxicol 2009;22:332–340.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>332</start><end>340</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>332</start><end>340</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0042"><titleInfo><title>A zone classification system for risk assessment of idiosyncratic drug toxicity using daily dose and covalent binding</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakayama</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Atsumi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Takakusa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Kobayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Kurihara</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Nagai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O</namePart><namePart type="family">Okazaki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Nakayama S, Atsumi R, Takakusa H, Kobayashi Y, Kurihara A, Nagai Y, Nakai D, Okazaki O. A zone classification system for risk assessment of idiosyncratic drug toxicity using daily dose and covalent binding. Drug Metab Dispos 2009;37:1970–1977.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>37</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1970</start><end>1977</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>37</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1970</start><end>1977</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0043"><titleInfo><title>The chemistry and biological activity of acyl glucuronides</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AV</namePart><namePart type="family">Stachulski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Stachulski AV. The chemistry and biological activity of acyl glucuronides. Curr Opin Drug Discov Develop 2007;10:58–66.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>58</start><end>66</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Opin Drug Discov Develop</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>58</start><end>66</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0044"><titleInfo><title>Acyl glucuronide drug metabolites: Toxicological and analytical implications</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Shipkova</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">VW</namePart><namePart type="family">Armstrong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Oellerich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Wieland</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Shipkova M, Armstrong VW, Oellerich M, Wieland E. Acyl glucuronide drug metabolites: Toxicological and analytical implications. Ther Drug Monit 2003;25:1–16.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>16</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Ther Drug Monit</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>16</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0045"><titleInfo><title>Determination of degradation pathways and kinetics of acyl glucuronides by NMR spectroscopy</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GS</namePart><namePart type="family">Walker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Atherton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Bauman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Kohl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart><namePart type="family">Lam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Reily</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z</namePart><namePart type="family">Lou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Mutlib</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Walker GS, Atherton J, Bauman J, Kohl C, Lam W, Reily M, Lou Z, Mutlib A. Determination of degradation pathways and kinetics of acyl glucuronides by NMR spectroscopy. Chem Res Toxicol 2007;20:876–886.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>876</start><end>886</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>876</start><end>886</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0046"><titleInfo><title>Bioactivation of mutagens via sulfation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Glatt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Glatt H. Bioactivation of mutagens via sulfation. FASEB J 1997;11:314–321.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>314</start><end>321</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>FASEB J</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>314</start><end>321</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0047"><titleInfo><title>Arylhydroxamic acid bioactivation via acyl group transfer. Structural requirements for transacylating and electrophile‐generating activity of N‐(2‐fluorenyl)hydroxamic acids and related compounds</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HM</namePart><namePart type="family">Yeh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PE</namePart><namePart type="family">Hanna</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Yeh HM, Hanna PE. Arylhydroxamic acid bioactivation via acyl group transfer. Structural requirements for transacylating and electrophile‐generating activity of N‐(2‐fluorenyl)hydroxamic acids and related compounds. J Med Chem 1982;25:842–6.</note><part><date>1982</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>842</start><end>6</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Med Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>1982</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>842</start><end>6</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0048"><titleInfo><title>Peroxidases: A role in the metabolism and side effects of drugs</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Tafazoli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PJ</namePart><namePart type="family">O'Brien</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Tafazoli S, O'Brien PJ. Peroxidases: A role in the metabolism and side effects of drugs. Drug Discov Today 2005;10:617–625.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>617</start><end>625</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Discov Today</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>617</start><end>625</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0049"><titleInfo><title>Glutathione‐dependent bioactivation of haloalkanes and haloalkenes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MW</namePart><namePart type="family">Anders</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Anders MW. Glutathione‐dependent bioactivation of haloalkanes and haloalkenes. Drug Metab Rev 2004;36:583–594.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>36</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>583</start><end>594</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Rev</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>36</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>583</start><end>594</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0050"><titleInfo><title>Metabolic activation of carboxylic acids</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Skonberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Olsen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KG</namePart><namePart type="family">Madsen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SH</namePart><namePart type="family">Hansen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MP</namePart><namePart type="family">Grillo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Skonberg C, Olsen J, Madsen KG, Hansen SH, Grillo MP. Metabolic activation of carboxylic acids. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008;4:425–438.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>425</start><end>438</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>425</start><end>438</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0051"><titleInfo><title>Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and protein covalent binding of radiolabeled maxipost (BMS‐204352) in humans</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Krishna</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Zeng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitroka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Dai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Narasimhan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RA</namePart><namePart type="family">Reeves</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Srinivas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Klunk</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zhang D, Krishna R, Wang L, Zeng J, Mitroka J, Dai R, Narasimhan N, Reeves RA, Srinivas NR, Klunk LJ. Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and protein covalent binding of radiolabeled maxipost (BMS‐204352) in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2005;33:83–93.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>33</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>83</start><end>93</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>33</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>83</start><end>93</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0052"><titleInfo><title>Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and excretion of a highly selective N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist, traxoprodil, in human cytochrome P450 2D6 extensive and poor metabolizers</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Shah</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Jaw‐Tsai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Baxter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Prakash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Johnson K, Shah A, Jaw‐Tsai S, Baxter J, Prakash C. Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and excretion of a highly selective N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist, traxoprodil, in human cytochrome P450 2D6 extensive and poor metabolizers. Drug Metab Dispos 2003;31:76–87.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>76</start><end>87</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>76</start><end>87</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0053"><titleInfo><title>What is the objective of the mass balance study? A retrospective analysis of data in animal and human excretion studies employing radiolabeled drugs</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Roffey</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart><namePart type="family">Obach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JI</namePart><namePart type="family">Gedge</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Roffey SJ, Obach RS, Gedge JI, Smith DA. What is the objective of the mass balance study? A retrospective analysis of data in animal and human excretion studies employing radiolabeled drugs. Drug Metab Rev 2007;39:17–43.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>39</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>17</start><end>43</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Rev</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>39</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>17</start><end>43</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0054"><titleInfo><title>Covalent binding and tissue distribution/retention assessment of drugs associated with idiosyncratic drug toxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Takakusa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Masumoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Yukinaga</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Makino</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakayama</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O</namePart><namePart type="family">Okazaki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Sudo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Takakusa H, Masumoto H, Yukinaga H, Makino C, Nakayama S, Okazaki O, Sudo K. Covalent binding and tissue distribution/retention assessment of drugs associated with idiosyncratic drug toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2008;36:1770–1779.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>36</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1770</start><end>1779</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>36</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1770</start><end>1779</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0055"><titleInfo><title>Prediction of in vivo potential for metabolic activation of drugs into chemically reactive intermediate: Correlation of in vitro and in vivo generation of reactive intermediates and in vitro glutathione conjugate formation in rats and humans</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Masubuchi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Makino</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Murayama</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Masubuchi N, Makino C, Murayama N. Prediction of in vivo potential for metabolic activation of drugs into chemically reactive intermediate: Correlation of in vitro and in vivo generation of reactive intermediates and in vitro glutathione conjugate formation in rats and humans. Chem Res Toxicol 2007;20:455–464.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>455</start><end>464</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>455</start><end>464</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0056"><titleInfo><title>Opposite behaviors of reactive metabolites of tienilic acid and its isomer toward liver proteins: Use of specific anti‐tienilic acid‐protein adduct antibodies and the possible relationship with different hepatotoxic effects of the two compounds</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Bonierbale</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Valadon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Pons</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Desfosses</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PM</namePart><namePart type="family">Dansette</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mansuy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Bonierbale E, Valadon P, Pons C, Desfosses B, Dansette PM, Mansuy D. Opposite behaviors of reactive metabolites of tienilic acid and its isomer toward liver proteins: Use of specific anti‐tienilic acid‐protein adduct antibodies and the possible relationship with different hepatotoxic effects of the two compounds. Chem Res Toxicol 1999;12:286–296.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>286</start><end>296</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>286</start><end>296</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0057"><titleInfo><title>Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of intact cytochrome P450: Identification of tienilic adducts to P450 2C9</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LL</namePart><namePart type="family">Koenigs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RM</namePart><namePart type="family">Peter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AP</namePart><namePart type="family">Hunter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RL</namePart><namePart type="family">Haining</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Rettie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Friedberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MP</namePart><namePart type="family">Pritchard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Shou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TH</namePart><namePart type="family">Rushmore</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WF</namePart><namePart type="family">Trager</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Koenigs LL, Peter RM, Hunter AP, Haining RL, Rettie AE, Friedberg T, Pritchard MP, Shou M, Rushmore TH, Trager WF. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of intact cytochrome P450: Identification of tienilic adducts to P450 2C9. Biochemistry 1999;38:2312–2319.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>38</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2312</start><end>2319</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochemistry</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>38</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2312</start><end>2319</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0058"><titleInfo><title>Fluorine substitution can block CYP3A4 metabolism‐dependent inhibition: Identification of (S)‐N‐[1‐(4‐Fluoro‐3‐morpholin‐4‐ylphenyl)ethyl]‐3‐(4‐fluorophenyl)acrylamide as an orally bioavailable KCNQ2 opener devoid of CYP3A4 metabolism‐dependent inhibition</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Wu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CD</namePart><namePart type="family">Davis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Dworetzky</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WC</namePart><namePart type="family">Fitzpatrick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Harden</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">He</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Knox</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Newton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Philip</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Polson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DV</namePart><namePart type="family">Sivarao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LQ</namePart><namePart type="family">Sun</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Tertyshnikova</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Weaver</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Yeola</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Zoeckler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MW</namePart><namePart type="family">Sinz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Wu YJ, Davis CD, Dworetzky S, Fitzpatrick WC, Harden D, He H, Knox RJ, Newton AE, Philip T, Polson C, Sivarao DV, Sun LQ, Tertyshnikova S, Weaver D, Yeola S, Zoeckler M, Sinz MW. Fluorine substitution can block CYP3A4 metabolism‐dependent inhibition: Identification of (S)‐N‐[1‐(4‐Fluoro‐3‐morpholin‐4‐ylphenyl)ethyl]‐3‐(4‐fluorophenyl)acrylamide as an orally bioavailable KCNQ2 opener devoid of CYP3A4 metabolism‐dependent inhibition. J Med Chem 2003;46:3778–3781.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>46</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3778</start><end>3781</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Med Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>46</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3778</start><end>3781</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0059"><titleInfo><title>Metabolites and Safety: What are the concerns, and how should we address them?</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart><namePart type="family">Obach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Smith DA, Obach RS. Metabolites and Safety: What are the concerns, and how should we address them? Chem Res Toxicol 2006;19:1570–1579.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1570</start><end>1579</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1570</start><end>1579</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0060"><titleInfo><title>Mechanism‐based inactivation of human cytochromes P450: Experimental characterization, reactive intermediates, and clinical implications</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PF</namePart><namePart type="family">Hollenberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">UT</namePart><namePart type="family">Kent</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NN</namePart><namePart type="family">Bumpus</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Hollenberg PF, Kent UT, Bumpus NN. Mechanism‐based inactivation of human cytochromes P450: Experimental characterization, reactive intermediates, and clinical implications. Chem Res Toxicol 2008;21:189–205.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>189</start><end>205</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>189</start><end>205</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0061"><titleInfo><title>Time‐dependent CYP inihibition</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Riley</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Grime</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Weaver</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Riley RJ, Grime K, Weaver R. Time‐dependent CYP inihibition. Expert Opin Drug Metab 2007;3:51–66.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>51</start><end>66</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Expert Opin Drug Metab</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>51</start><end>66</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0062"><titleInfo><title>Mibefradil but not isradipine substantially elevates the plasma concentrations of the CYP3A4 substrate triazolam</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JT</namePart><namePart type="family">Backman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart><namePart type="family">Wen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Kivisto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Neuvonen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Backman JT, Wang JS, Wen X, Kivisto K, Neuvonen PJ. Mibefradil but not isradipine substantially elevates the plasma concentrations of the CYP3A4 substrate triazolam. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999;66:401–407.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>66</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>401</start><end>407</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clin Pharmacol Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>66</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>401</start><end>407</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0063"><titleInfo><title>Mibefradil—A drug which may enhance the propensity for the development of abnormal QT prolongation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Meinertz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Meinertz T. Mibefradil—A drug which may enhance the propensity for the development of abnormal QT prolongation. Eur Heart J 2001;3(Supplement K):K89–K92.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>Supplement K</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>K89</start><end>K92</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Eur Heart J</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>Supplement K</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>K89</start><end>K92</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0064"><titleInfo><title>Specificity of in vitro covalent binding of tienilic acid metabolites to human liver microsomes in relationship to the type of hepatotoxicity: Comparison with two directly hepatotoxic drugs</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Lecoeur</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Bonierbale</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Challine</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart><namePart type="family">Gautiert</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Valadon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PM</namePart><namePart type="family">Dansette</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Catinot</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Ballet</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mansuy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PH</namePart><namePart type="family">Beaune</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Lecoeur S, Bonierbale E, Challine D, Gautiert JC, Valadon P, Dansette PM, Catinot R, Ballet F, Mansuy D, Beaune PH. Specificity of in vitro covalent binding of tienilic acid metabolites to human liver microsomes in relationship to the type of hepatotoxicity: Comparison with two directly hepatotoxic drugs. Chem Res Toxicol 1994;7:434–442.</note><part><date>1994</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>434</start><end>442</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1994</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>434</start><end>442</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0065"><titleInfo><title>Cytochrome P450 metabolic intermediate complexes from macrolide antibiotics and related compounds</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MR</namePart><namePart type="family">Franklin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Franklin MR. Cytochrome P450 metabolic intermediate complexes from macrolide antibiotics and related compounds. Methods Enzymol 1991;206:559–573.</note><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>206</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>559</start><end>573</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Methods Enzymol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>206</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>559</start><end>573</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0066"><titleInfo><title>Mechanism‐based inactivation of human cytochrome P450 enzymes: Strategies for diagnosis of drug‐drug interaction risk assessment</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Venkatakrishnan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart><namePart type="family">Obach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Rostami‐Hodjegan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Venkatakrishnan K, Obach RS, Rostami‐Hodjegan A. Mechanism‐based inactivation of human cytochrome P450 enzymes: Strategies for diagnosis of drug‐drug interaction risk assessment. Xenobiotica 2007;37:1225–1256.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>37</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1225</start><end>1256</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Xenobiotica</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>37</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1225</start><end>1256</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0067"><titleInfo><title>A critical evaluation of the experimental design of studies of mechanism‐based inhibition, with implications for in vitro‐in vivo extrapolation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Ghanbari</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Rowland‐Yeo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart><namePart type="family">Bloomer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SC</namePart><namePart type="family">Clarke</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MS</namePart><namePart type="family">Lennard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GT</namePart><namePart type="family">Tucker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Rostami‐Hodjegan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ghanbari F, Rowland‐Yeo K, Bloomer JC, Clarke SC, Lennard MS, Tucker GT, Rostami‐Hodjegan A. A critical evaluation of the experimental design of studies of mechanism‐based inhibition, with implications for in vitro‐in vivo extrapolation. Curr Drug Metab 2006;7:315–334.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>315</start><end>334</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Drug Metab</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>315</start><end>334</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0068"><titleInfo><title>Changes in the pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic pharmacodynamics of terfenadine with concomitant administration of erythromycin</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PK</namePart><namePart type="family">Honig</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RL</namePart><namePart type="family">Woosley</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Zamani</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Conner</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LR</namePart><namePart type="family">Cantilena</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Honig PK, Woosley RL, Zamani K, Conner DP, Cantilena LR. Changes in the pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic pharmacodynamics of terfenadine with concomitant administration of erythromycin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;52:231–238.</note><part><date>1992</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>52</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>231</start><end>238</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clin Pharmacol Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>1992</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>52</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>231</start><end>238</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0069"><titleInfo><title>Grapefruit‐drug interactions: Can interactions with drugs be avoided?</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SU</namePart><namePart type="family">Mertens‐Talcott</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Zadezansky</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WV</namePart><namePart type="family">De Castro</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Derendorf</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Butterweck</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Mertens‐Talcott SU, Zadezansky I, De Castro WV, Derendorf H, Butterweck V. Grapefruit‐drug interactions: Can interactions with drugs be avoided? J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:1390–1416.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>46</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1390</start><end>1416</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Clin Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>46</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1390</start><end>1416</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0070"><titleInfo><title>Mechanisms of enhanced oral availability of CYP3A4 substrates by grapefruit constituents—Decreased enterocyte CYP3A4 concentration and mechanism‐based inactivation by furanocoumarins</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">SchmiedlinRen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Edwards</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ME</namePart><namePart type="family">Fitzsimmons</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">He</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KS</namePart><namePart type="family">Lown</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PM</namePart><namePart type="family">Woster</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Rahman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KE</namePart><namePart type="family">Thummel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Fisher</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PF</namePart><namePart type="family">Hollenberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PB</namePart><namePart type="family">Watkins</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">SchmiedlinRen P, Edwards DJ, Fitzsimmons ME, He K, Lown KS, Woster PM, Rahman A, Thummel KE, Fisher JM, Hollenberg PF, Watkins PB. Mechanisms of enhanced oral availability of CYP3A4 substrates by grapefruit constituents—Decreased enterocyte CYP3A4 concentration and mechanism‐based inactivation by furanocoumarins. Drug Metab Dispos 1997;25:1228–1233.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1228</start><end>1233</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1228</start><end>1233</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0071"><titleInfo><title>Drug metabolism: The body's defence against chemical attack</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AV</namePart><namePart type="family">Stachulski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MS</namePart><namePart type="family">Lennard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Stachulski AV, Lennard MS. Drug metabolism: The body's defence against chemical attack. J Chem Ed 2000;77:349–353.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>77</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>349</start><end>353</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Chem Ed</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>77</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>349</start><end>353</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0072"><titleInfo><title>Drug interactions with grapefruit juice</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Ameer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RA</namePart><namePart type="family">Weintraub</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ameer B, Weintraub RA. Drug interactions with grapefruit juice. Clin Pharmacokinet 1997;33:103–121.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>33</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>103</start><end>121</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clin Pharmacokinet</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>33</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>103</start><end>121</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0073"><titleInfo><title>Development of novel furanocoumarin dimers as potent and selective inhibitors of CYP3A4</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Row</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SA</namePart><namePart type="family">Brown</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AV</namePart><namePart type="family">Stachulski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MS</namePart><namePart type="family">Lennard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Row E, Brown SA, Stachulski AV, Lennard MS. Development of novel furanocoumarin dimers as potent and selective inhibitors of CYP3A4. Drug Metab Dispos 2006;34:324–330.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>34</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>324</start><end>330</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>34</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>324</start><end>330</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0074"><titleInfo><title>Specific CYP3A4 inhibitors in grapefruit juice: Furanocoumarin dimers as components of drug interaction</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Fukuda</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Ohta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Oshima</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Ohashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yoshikawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamazoe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Fukuda K, Ohta T, Oshima Y, Ohashi N, Yoshikawa M, Yamazoe Y. Specific CYP3A4 inhibitors in grapefruit juice: Furanocoumarin dimers as components of drug interaction. Pharmacogenetics 1997;7:391–396.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>391</start><end>396</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Pharmacogenetics</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>391</start><end>396</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0075"><titleInfo><title>Drug interactions with lipid lowering drugs: Mechanisms and clinical relevance</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Neuvonen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Niemi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JT</namePart><namePart type="family">Backman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Neuvonen PJ, Niemi N, Backman JT. Drug interactions with lipid lowering drugs: Mechanisms and clinical relevance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006;80:565–581.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>80</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>565</start><end>581</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clin Pharmacol Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>80</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>565</start><end>581</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0076"><titleInfo><title>Kinetics of suicide substrates. Practical procedures for determining parameters</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SG</namePart><namePart type="family">Waley</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Waley SG. Kinetics of suicide substrates. Practical procedures for determining parameters. Biochem J 1985;227:843–849.</note><part><date>1985</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>227</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>843</start><end>849</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem J</title></titleInfo><part><date>1985</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>227</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>843</start><end>849</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0077"><titleInfo><title>Silverman RB. Mechanism‐Based Enzyme Inactivation, in Chemistry and Enzymology, Vol. 1. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1988:3–30.</title></titleInfo><note type="citation/reference">Silverman RB. Mechanism‐Based Enzyme Inactivation, in Chemistry and Enzymology, Vol. 1. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1988:3–30.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RB</namePart><namePart type="family">Silverman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>book</genre><originInfo><publisher>CRC Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Boca Raton, FL</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1988</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3</start><end>30</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0078"><titleInfo><title>An in vitro model for predicting in vivo inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 by metabolic intermediate complex formation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BS</namePart><namePart type="family">Mayhew</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DR</namePart><namePart type="family">Jones</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hall</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Mayhew BS, Jones DR, Hall SD. An in vitro model for predicting in vivo inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 by metabolic intermediate complex formation. Drug Metab Dispos 2000;28:1031–1037.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1031</start><end>1037</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1031</start><end>1037</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0079"><titleInfo><title>The impact of experimental design on assessing mechanism‐based inactivation of CYP2D6 by MDMA (ecstasy)</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LM</namePart><namePart type="family">Van</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Heydari</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Yang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Hargreaves</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Rowland‐Yeo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MS</namePart><namePart type="family">Lennard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GT</namePart><namePart type="family">Tucker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Rostami‐Hodjegan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Van LM, Heydari A, Yang J, Hargreaves J, Rowland‐Yeo K, Lennard MS, Tucker GT, Rostami‐Hodjegan A. The impact of experimental design on assessing mechanism‐based inactivation of CYP2D6 by MDMA (ecstasy). J Psychopharm 2006;20:834–841.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>834</start><end>841</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Psychopharm</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>834</start><end>841</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0080"><titleInfo><title>Rapid determination of enzyme activities of recombinant human cytochromes P450, human liver microsomes and hepatocytes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Ghosal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Hapangama</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Yuan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart><namePart type="family">Lu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Horne</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JE</namePart><namePart type="family">Patrick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Zbaida</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ghosal A, Hapangama N, Yuan Y, Lu X, Horne D, Patrick JE, Zbaida S. Rapid determination of enzyme activities of recombinant human cytochromes P450, human liver microsomes and hepatocytes. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2003;24:375–384.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>375</start><end>384</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biopharm Drug Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>375</start><end>384</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0081"><titleInfo><title>Application of mechanism‐based CYP inhibition for predicting drug‐drug interactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z‐W</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S‐F</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zhou Z‐W, Zhou S‐F. Application of mechanism‐based CYP inhibition for predicting drug‐drug interactions. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2009;5:579–605.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>5</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>579</start><end>605</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>5</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>579</start><end>605</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0082"><titleInfo><title>The role of metabolic activation in drug‐induced hepatotoxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Maggs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohammed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Park BK, Kitteringham NR, Maggs JL, Pirmohammed M, Williams DP. The role of metabolic activation in drug‐induced hepatotoxicity. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2005;45:177–202.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>45</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>177</start><end>202</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>45</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>177</start><end>202</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0083"><titleInfo><title>Are chemically reactive metabolites responsible for adverse reactions to drugs?</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Williams DP, Kitteringham NR, Naisbitt DJ, Pirmohamed M, Smith DA, Park BK. Are chemically reactive metabolites responsible for adverse reactions to drugs? Curr Drug Metab 2002;3:351–366.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>351</start><end>366</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Drug Metab</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>351</start><end>366</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0084"><titleInfo><title>Structural features associated with reactive metabolite formation in clozapine analogues</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Zahid</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Tehim</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Fu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Rakhit</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Uetrecht J, Zahid N, Tehim A, Fu JM, Rakhit S. Structural features associated with reactive metabolite formation in clozapine analogues. Chem Biol Interact 1997;104:117–129.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>104</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>117</start><end>129</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Biol Interact</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>104</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>117</start><end>129</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0085"><titleInfo><title>Myeloperoxidase as a generator of drug free radicals</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Uetrecht JP. Myeloperoxidase as a generator of drug free radicals. Biochem Soc Symp 1995;61:163–70.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>61</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>163</start><end>70</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem Soc Symp</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>61</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>163</start><end>70</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0086"><titleInfo><title>The role of leukocyte‐generated reactive metabolites in the pathogenesis of idiosyncratic drug reactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Uetrecht JP. The role of leukocyte‐generated reactive metabolites in the pathogenesis of idiosyncratic drug reactions. Drug Metab Rev 1992;24:299–366.</note><part><date>1992</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>299</start><end>366</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Rev</title></titleInfo><part><date>1992</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>299</start><end>366</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0087"><titleInfo><title>Subcellular binding and effects on calcium homeostasis produced by acetaminophen and a nonhepatotoxic regioisomer, 3′‐hydroxyacetanilide, in mouse liver</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MA</namePart><namePart type="family">Tirmenstein</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SD</namePart><namePart type="family">Nelson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Tirmenstein MA, Nelson SD. Subcellular binding and effects on calcium homeostasis produced by acetaminophen and a nonhepatotoxic regioisomer, 3′‐hydroxyacetanilide, in mouse liver. J Biol Chem 1989;264:9814–9819.</note><part><date>1989</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>264</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>9814</start><end>9819</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>1989</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>264</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>9814</start><end>9819</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0088"><titleInfo><title>Cyclopentenone prostaglandins as potential inducers of phase II detoxification enzymes. 15‐Deoxy‐delta(12,14)‐prostaglandin J2‐induced expression of glutathione S‐transferases</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Kawamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakamura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Naito</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Torii</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Kumagai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Osawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Ohigashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Satoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Imagawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Uchida</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kawamoto Y, Nakamura Y, Naito Y, Torii Y, Kumagai T, Osawa T, Ohigashi H, Satoh K, Imagawa M, Uchida K. Cyclopentenone prostaglandins as potential inducers of phase II detoxification enzymes. 15‐Deoxy‐delta(12,14)‐prostaglandin J2‐induced expression of glutathione S‐transferases. J Biol Chem 2000;275:11291–11299.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>275</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>11291</start><end>11299</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>275</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>11291</start><end>11299</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0089"><titleInfo><title>Serious toxicity associated with continuous nevirapine‐based HAART in pregnancy</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JE</namePart><namePart type="family">van Schalkwyk</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Alimenti</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Khoo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Maan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart><namePart type="family">Forbes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DR</namePart><namePart type="family">Burdge</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Gilgoff</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DM</namePart><namePart type="family">Money</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">van Schalkwyk JE, Alimenti A, Khoo D, Maan E, Forbes JC, Burdge DR, Gilgoff S, Money DM. Serious toxicity associated with continuous nevirapine‐based HAART in pregnancy. Int J Obstet Gynecol 2008;115:1297–1302.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>115</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1297</start><end>1302</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Int J Obstet Gynecol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>115</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1297</start><end>1302</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0090"><titleInfo><title>Jaundice and hepatocellular damage associated with nevirapine therapy</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Prakash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Poreddy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Tiyyagura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Bonacini</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Prakash M, Poreddy V, Tiyyagura L, Bonacini M. Jaundice and hepatocellular damage associated with nevirapine therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:1571–1574.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>96</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1571</start><end>1574</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Am J Gastroenterol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>96</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1571</start><end>1574</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0091"><titleInfo><title>Chronic hepatotoxicity after long‐term antiretroviral treatment including nevirapine</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MMR</namePart><namePart type="family">de Maat</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JH</namePart><namePart type="family">Beijnen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JHM</namePart><namePart type="family">Schellens</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JW</namePart><namePart type="family">Mulder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">de Maat MMR, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM, Mulder JW. Chronic hepatotoxicity after long‐term antiretroviral treatment including nevirapine. J Infect 2005;50:262–264.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>50</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>262</start><end>264</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Infect</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>50</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>262</start><end>264</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0092"><titleInfo><title>Case series of acute hepatitis in a non‐selected group of HIV‐infected patients on nevirapine‐containing antiretroviral treatment</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MMR</namePart><namePart type="family">de Maat</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">ter Heine</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ECM</namePart><namePart type="family">van Gorp</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JW</namePart><namePart type="family">Mulder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ATA</namePart><namePart type="family">Mairuhu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JH</namePart><namePart type="family">Beijnen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">de Maat MMR, ter Heine R, van Gorp ECM, Mulder JW, Mairuhu ATA, Beijnen JH. Case series of acute hepatitis in a non‐selected group of HIV‐infected patients on nevirapine‐containing antiretroviral treatment. AIDS 2003;17:2209–2214.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2209</start><end>2214</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>AIDS</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2209</start><end>2214</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0093"><titleInfo><title>Nevirapine hypersensitivity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Popovic</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Caswell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Mannargudi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Shenton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Popovic M, Caswell JL, Mannargudi B, Shenton JM, Uetrecht JP. Nevirapine hypersensitivity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010;196:437–451.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>196</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>437</start><end>451</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Handb Exp Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>196</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>437</start><end>451</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0094"><titleInfo><title>A study of the specificity of lymphocytes in nevirapine‐induced skin rash</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Tharmanathan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Mannargudi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Gou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Uethrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Chen X, Tharmanathan T, Mannargudi B, Gou H, Uethrecht JP. A study of the specificity of lymphocytes in nevirapine‐induced skin rash. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009;331:836–841.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>331</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>836</start><end>841</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>331</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>836</start><end>841</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0095"><titleInfo><title>Demonstration of the metabolic pathway responsible for nevirapine‐induced skin rash</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BM</namePart><namePart type="family">Mannargudi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Xu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Chen J, Mannargudi BM, Xu L, Uetrecht J. Demonstration of the metabolic pathway responsible for nevirapine‐induced skin rash. Chem Res Toxicol 2008;21:1862–1870.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1862</start><end>1870</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1862</start><end>1870</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0096"><titleInfo><title>Study of the sequence of events involved in nevirapine‐induced skin rash in Brown Norway rats</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Popovic</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Caswell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Mannargudi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Shenton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Popovic M, Caswell JL, Mannargudi B, Shenton JM, Uetrecht JP. Study of the sequence of events involved in nevirapine‐induced skin rash in Brown Norway rats. Chem Res Toxicol 2006;19:1205–1214.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1205</start><end>1214</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1205</start><end>1214</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0097"><titleInfo><title>Evidence of an immune‐mediated mechanism for an idiosyncratic nevirapine‐induced reaction in the female Brown Norway rat</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Shenton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Popovic</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Masson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Shenton JM, Popovic M, Chen J, Masson MJ, Uetrecht JP. Evidence of an immune‐mediated mechanism for an idiosyncratic nevirapine‐induced reaction in the female Brown Norway rat. Chem Res Toxicol 2005;18:1799–1813.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1799</start><end>1813</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1799</start><end>1813</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0098"><titleInfo><title>Characterization of a potential animal model of an idiosyncratic drug reaction: Nevirapine‐induced skin rash in the rat</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Shenton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Teranishi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MS</namePart><namePart type="family">Abu‐Asab</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Yager</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Shenton JM, Teranishi M, Abu‐Asab MS, Yager JA, Uetrecht JP. Characterization of a potential animal model of an idiosyncratic drug reaction: Nevirapine‐induced skin rash in the rat. Chem Res Toxicol 2003;16:1078–1089.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>16</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1078</start><end>1089</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>16</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1078</start><end>1089</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0099"><titleInfo><title>Nevirapine‐induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and toxic hepatitis treated successfully with a combination of intravenous immunoglobulins and N‐acetylcysteine</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Claes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Wintzen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Allard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Simons</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">De Coninck</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Lacor</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Claes P, Wintzen M, Allard S, Simons P, De Coninck A, Lacor P. Nevirapine‐induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and toxic hepatitis treated successfully with a combination of intravenous immunoglobulins and N‐acetylcysteine. Eur J Intern Med 2004;15:255–258.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>255</start><end>258</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Eur J Intern Med</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>255</start><end>258</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0100"><titleInfo><title>N‐Acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SC</namePart><namePart type="family">De Rosa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MD</namePart><namePart type="family">Zaretsky</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JG</namePart><namePart type="family">Dubs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Roederer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Anderson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Green</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitra</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Watanabe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakamura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Tjioe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SC</namePart><namePart type="family">Deresinski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WA</namePart><namePart type="family">Moore</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SW</namePart><namePart type="family">Ela</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Parks</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LA</namePart><namePart type="family">Herzenberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LA</namePart><namePart type="family">Herzenberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">De Rosa SC, Zaretsky MD, Dubs JG, Roederer M, Anderson M, Green A, Mitra D, Watanabe N, Nakamura H, Tjioe I, Deresinski SC, Moore WA, Ela SW, Parks D, Herzenberg LA, Herzenberg LA. N‐Acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection. Eur J Clin Invest 2000;30:915–929.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>30</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>915</start><end>929</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Eur J Clin Invest</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>30</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>915</start><end>929</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0101"><titleInfo><title>Quantifying the metabolic activation of nevirapine in patients by integrated applications of NMR and mass spectrometries</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Srivastava</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LY</namePart><namePart type="family">Lian</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Maggs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Chaponda</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Srivastava A, Lian LY, Maggs JL, Chaponda M, Pirmohamed M, Williams DP, Park BK. Quantifying the metabolic activation of nevirapine in patients by integrated applications of NMR and mass spectrometries. Drug Metab Dispos 2010;38:122–132.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>38</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>122</start><end>132</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>38</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>122</start><end>132</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0102"><titleInfo><title>N‐dealkylation of an N‐cyclopropylamine by horseradish peroxidase. Fate of the cyclopropyl group</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CL</namePart><namePart type="family">Shaffer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MD</namePart><namePart type="family">Morton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RP</namePart><namePart type="family">Hanzlik</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Shaffer CL, Morton MD, Hanzlik RP. N‐dealkylation of an N‐cyclopropylamine by horseradish peroxidase. Fate of the cyclopropyl group. J Am Chem Soc 2001;123:8502–8508.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>123</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8502</start><end>8508</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Am Chem Soc</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>123</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8502</start><end>8508</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0103"><titleInfo><title>Enzymatic N‐dealkylation of an N‐cyclopropylamine: An unusual fate for the cyclopropyl group</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CL</namePart><namePart type="family">Shaffer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MD</namePart><namePart type="family">Morton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RP</namePart><namePart type="family">Hanzlik</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Shaffer CL, Morton MD, Hanzlik RP. Enzymatic N‐dealkylation of an N‐cyclopropylamine: An unusual fate for the cyclopropyl group. J Am Chem Soc 2001;123:349–350.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>123</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>349</start><end>350</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Am Chem Soc</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>123</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>349</start><end>350</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0104"><titleInfo><title>Effect of HIV‐1‐related protein expression on cardiac and skeletal muscles from transgenic rats</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart><namePart type="family">Otis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YI</namePart><namePart type="family">Ashikhmin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Brown</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DM</namePart><namePart type="family">Guidot</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Otis JS, Ashikhmin YI, Brown L, Guidot DM. Effect of HIV‐1‐related protein expression on cardiac and skeletal muscles from transgenic rats. AIDS Res Ther 2008;5:8.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>5</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8</start></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>AIDS Res Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>5</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8</start></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0105"><titleInfo><title>New concepts in immunology relevant to idiosyncratic drug reactions: The “danger hypothesis” and innate immune system</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Uetrecht JP, New concepts in immunology relevant to idiosyncratic drug reactions: The “danger hypothesis” and innate immune system. Chem Res Toxicol 1999;12:387–395.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>387</start><end>395</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>387</start><end>395</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0106"><titleInfo><title>Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Pichler WJ. Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions. Ann Intern Med 2003;139:683–693.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>139</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>683</start><end>693</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Ann Intern Med</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>139</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>683</start><end>693</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0107"><titleInfo><title>Drug‐induced autoimmunity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Pichler WJ. Drug‐induced autoimmunity. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;3:249–253.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>249</start><end>253</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>249</start><end>253</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0108"><titleInfo><title>Lessons from drug allergy: Against dogmata</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Pichler WJ. Lessons from drug allergy: Against dogmata. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2003;3:1–3.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>3</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Allergy Asthma Rep</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>3</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0109"><titleInfo><title>Drug‐specific T cells in an HIV‐positive patient with nevirapine‐induced hepatitis</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Vilar FJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Drummond</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Hanson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Woods</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Drummond, Vilar FJ, Naisbitt DJ, Hanson A, Woods A, Park BK, Pirmohamed M. Drug‐specific T cells in an HIV‐positive patient with nevirapine‐induced hepatitis. Antivir Ther 2006;11:393–395.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>393</start><end>395</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Antivir Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>393</start><end>395</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0110"><titleInfo><title>Does therapeutic use of acetaminophen cause acute liver failure</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RC</namePart><namePart type="family">Dart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Bailey</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Dart RC, Bailey E. Does therapeutic use of acetaminophen cause acute liver failure? Pharmacotherapy 2007;27:1219–1230.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>27</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1219</start><end>1230</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Pharmacotherapy</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>27</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1219</start><end>1230</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0111"><titleInfo><title>Aminotransferase elevations in healthy adults receiving 4 grams of acetaminophen daily: A randomized controlled trial</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PB</namePart><namePart type="family">Watkins</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Kaplowitz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JT</namePart><namePart type="family">Slattery</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CR</namePart><namePart type="family">Colonese</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SV</namePart><namePart type="family">Colucci</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PW</namePart><namePart type="family">Stewart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SC</namePart><namePart type="family">Harris</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Watkins PB, Kaplowitz N, Slattery JT, Colonese CR, Colucci SV, Stewart PW, Harris SC. Aminotransferase elevations in healthy adults receiving 4 grams of acetaminophen daily: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2006;296:87–93.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>296</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>87</start><end>93</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Am Med Assoc</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>296</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>87</start><end>93</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0112"><titleInfo><title>Oxidation of acetaminophen to N‐acetyl‐p‐aminobenzoquinone imine by human CYP3A4</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KE</namePart><namePart type="family">Thummel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CA</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KL</namePart><namePart type="family">Kunze</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SD</namePart><namePart type="family">Nelson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JT</namePart><namePart type="family">Slattery</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Thummel KE, Lee CA, Kunze KL, Nelson SD, Slattery JT. Oxidation of acetaminophen to N‐acetyl‐p‐aminobenzoquinone imine by human CYP3A4. Biochem Pharmacol 1993;45:1563–1569.</note><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>45</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1563</start><end>1569</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>45</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1563</start><end>1569</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0113"><titleInfo><title>The spontaneous and enzymatic reaction of N‐acetyl‐p‐benzoquinonimine with glutathione: A stopped‐flow kinetic study</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Coles</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Wardman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Hinson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SD</namePart><namePart type="family">Nelson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Ketterer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Coles B, Wilson I, Wardman P, Hinson JA, Nelson SD, Ketterer B. The spontaneous and enzymatic reaction of N‐acetyl‐p‐benzoquinonimine with glutathione: A stopped‐flow kinetic study. Arch Biochem Biophys 1988;264:253–260.</note><part><date>1988</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>264</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>253</start><end>260</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Arch Biochem Biophys</title></titleInfo><part><date>1988</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>264</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>253</start><end>260</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0114"><titleInfo><title>Species differences in hepatic glutathione depletion, covalent binding and hepatic necrosis after acetaminophen</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DC</namePart><namePart type="family">Davis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WZ</namePart><namePart type="family">Potter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Jollow</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Davis DC, Potter WZ, Jollow DJ, Mitchell JR. Species differences in hepatic glutathione depletion, covalent binding and hepatic necrosis after acetaminophen. Life Sci 1974;14:2099–2109.</note><part><date>1974</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>14</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2099</start><end>2109</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Life Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>1974</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>14</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2099</start><end>2109</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0115"><titleInfo><title>Role of macrophages in acetaminophen (paracetamol)‐induced hepatotoxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RD</namePart><namePart type="family">Goldin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ID</namePart><namePart type="family">Ratnayaka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CS</namePart><namePart type="family">Breach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">IN</namePart><namePart type="family">Brown</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SN</namePart><namePart type="family">Wickramasinghe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Goldin RD, Ratnayaka ID, Breach CS, Brown IN, Wickramasinghe SN. Role of macrophages in acetaminophen (paracetamol)‐induced hepatotoxicity. J Pathol 1996;179:432–435.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>179</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>432</start><end>435</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pathol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>179</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>432</start><end>435</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0116"><titleInfo><title>Protective role of Kupffer cells in acetaminophen‐induced hepatic injury in mice</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Ju</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TP</namePart><namePart type="family">Reilly</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Bourdi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MF</namePart><namePart type="family">Radonovich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JN</namePart><namePart type="family">Brady</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JW</namePart><namePart type="family">George</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LR</namePart><namePart type="family">Pohl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ju C, Reilly TP, Bourdi M, Radonovich MF, Brady JN, George JW, Pohl LR. Protective role of Kupffer cells in acetaminophen‐induced hepatic injury in mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2002;15:1504–1513.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1504</start><end>1513</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1504</start><end>1513</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0117"><titleInfo><title>A pivotal involvement of IFN‐gamma in the pathogenesis of acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Ishida</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Kondo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Ohshima</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Fujiwara</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Iwakura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Mukaida</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ishida Y, Kondo T, Ohshima T, Fujiwara H, Iwakura Y, Mukaida N. A pivotal involvement of IFN‐gamma in the pathogenesis of acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury. FASEB J 2002;16:1227–1236.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>16</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1227</start><end>1236</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>FASEB J</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>16</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1227</start><end>1236</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0118"><titleInfo><title>Innate immune system plays a critical role in determining the progression and severity of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ZX</namePart><namePart type="family">Liu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Govindarajan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Kaplowitz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Liu ZX, Govindarajan S, Kaplowitz N. Innate immune system plays a critical role in determining the progression and severity of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Gastroenterology 2004;127:1760–1774.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>127</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1760</start><end>1774</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Gastroenterology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>127</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1760</start><end>1774</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0119"><titleInfo><title>Protection against acetaminophen‐induced liver injury and lethality by interleukin 10: Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Bourdi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Masubuchi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TP</namePart><namePart type="family">Reilly</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HR</namePart><namePart type="family">Amouzadeh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Martin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JW</namePart><namePart type="family">George</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AG</namePart><namePart type="family">Shah</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LR</namePart><namePart type="family">Pohl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Bourdi M, Masubuchi Y, Reilly TP, Amouzadeh HR, Martin JL, George JW, Shah AG, Pohl LR. Protection against acetaminophen‐induced liver injury and lethality by interleukin 10: Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Hepatology 2002;35:289–298.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>35</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>289</start><end>298</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Hepatology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>35</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>289</start><end>298</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0120"><titleInfo><title>Role of interleukin‐6 in hepatic heat shock protein expression and protection against acetaminophen‐induced liver disease</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Masubachi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Bourdi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TP</namePart><namePart type="family">Reilly</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MLM</namePart><namePart type="family">Graf</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JW</namePart><namePart type="family">George</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LR</namePart><namePart type="family">Pohl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Masubachi Y, Bourdi M, Reilly TP, Graf MLM, George JW, Pohl LR. Role of interleukin‐6 in hepatic heat shock protein expression and protection against acetaminophen‐induced liver disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;304:207–212.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>304</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>207</start><end>212</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem Biophys Res Commun</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>304</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>207</start><end>212</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0121"><titleInfo><title>Pathogenic role of natural killer T and natural killer cells in acetaminophen‐induced liver injury in mice os dependent on the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Masson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LD</namePart><namePart type="family">Carpenter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ML</namePart><namePart type="family">Graf</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LR</namePart><namePart type="family">Pohl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Masson MJ, Carpenter LD, Graf ML, Pohl LR. Pathogenic role of natural killer T and natural killer cells in acetaminophen‐induced liver injury in mice os dependent on the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide. Hepatology 2008;48:889–897.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>48</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>889</start><end>897</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Hepatology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>48</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>889</start><end>897</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0122"><titleInfo><title>Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Scaffidi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Misteli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ME</namePart><namePart type="family">Bianchi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Scaffidi P, Misteli T, Bianchi ME. Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation. Nature 2002;418:191–195.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>418</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>191</start><end>195</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Nature</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>418</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>191</start><end>195</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0123"><titleInfo><title>Acetaminophen dosing of humans results in blood transcriptome and metabolome changes consistent with impaired oxidative phosphorylation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RD</namePart><namePart type="family">Fannin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Russo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TM</namePart><namePart type="family">O'Connell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Gerrish</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JH</namePart><namePart type="family">Winnike</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Macdonald</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Newton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Malik</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SO</namePart><namePart type="family">Sieber</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Parker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Shah</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PB</namePart><namePart type="family">Watkins</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart><namePart type="family">Paules</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Fannin RD, Russo M, O'Connell TM, Gerrish K, Winnike JH, Macdonald J, Newton J, Malik S, Sieber SO, Parker J, Shah R, Zhou T, Watkins PB, Paules RS. Acetaminophen dosing of humans results in blood transcriptome and metabolome changes consistent with impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Hepatology 2010;51:227–236.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>51</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>227</start><end>236</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Hepatology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>51</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>227</start><end>236</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0124"><titleInfo><title>Opposite roles of neutrophils and macrophages in the pathogenesis of acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Ishida</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Kondo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Kimura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Tsuneyama</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Takayasu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Mukaida</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ishida Y, Kondo T, Kimura A, Tsuneyama K, Takayasu T, Mukaida N. Opposite roles of neutrophils and macrophages in the pathogenesis of acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury. Eur J Immunol 2006;36:1028–1038.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>36</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1028</start><end>1038</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Eur J Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>36</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1028</start><end>1038</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0125"><titleInfo><title>Oxidant stress, mitochondria, and cell death mechanisms in drug‐induced liver injury: Lessons learned from acetaminophen hepatoxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Jaeschke</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MR</namePart><namePart type="family">McGill</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Ramachandran</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Jaeschke H, McGill MR, Ramachandran A. Oxidant stress, mitochondria, and cell death mechanisms in drug‐induced liver injury: Lessons learned from acetaminophen hepatoxicity. Drug Metab Rev 2012;44:88–106.</note><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>44</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>88</start><end>106</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Rev</title></titleInfo><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>44</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>88</start><end>106</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0126"><titleInfo><title>Roles of glucuronidation and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases in xenobiotic bioactivation reactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JK</namePart><namePart type="family">Ritter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ritter JK. Roles of glucuronidation and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases in xenobiotic bioactivation reactions. Chem‐Biol Interact 2000;129:171–193.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>129</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>171</start><end>193</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem‐Biol Interact</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>129</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>171</start><end>193</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0127"><titleInfo><title>Xenobiotic acyl glucuronides and acyl CoA thioesters as protein‐reactive metabolites with the potential to cause idiosyncratic drug reactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">UA</namePart><namePart type="family">Boelsterli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Boelsterli UA. Xenobiotic acyl glucuronides and acyl CoA thioesters as protein‐reactive metabolites with the potential to cause idiosyncratic drug reactions. Curr Drug Metab 2002;3:439–450.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>439</start><end>450</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Drug Metab</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>439</start><end>450</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0128"><titleInfo><title>Acyl glucuronides revisited: Is the glucuronidation process a toxification as well as a detoxification mechanism?</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Spahn‐Langguth</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LZ</namePart><namePart type="family">Benet</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Spahn‐Langguth H, Benet LZ. Acyl glucuronides revisited: Is the glucuronidation process a toxification as well as a detoxification mechanism? Drug Metab Rev 1992;24:5–47.</note><part><date>1992</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5</start><end>47</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Rev</title></titleInfo><part><date>1992</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5</start><end>47</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0129"><titleInfo><title>Guidance for Industry: Safety Testing of Drug Metabolites, US Food and Drug Administration, February 2008. http://www.fda.gov/CDER/guidance/6897fnl.pdf.</title></titleInfo><note type="citation/reference">Guidance for Industry: Safety Testing of Drug Metabolites, US Food and Drug Administration, February 2008. http://www.fda.gov/CDER/guidance/6897fnl.pdf.</note><genre>book</genre><originInfo><publisher>US Food and Drug Administration</publisher></originInfo><part><date>2008</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0130"><titleInfo><title>Glucuronidation of carboxylic acid containing compounds by UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase isoforms. Arch</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Sakaguchi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Green</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Stock</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T S</namePart><namePart type="family">Reger</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Zunic</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">King</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Sakaguchi K, Green M, Stock N, Reger T S, Zunic J, King C. Glucuronidation of carboxylic acid containing compounds by UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase isoforms. Arch. Biochem Biophys 2004:424:219–225.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>424</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>219</start><end>225</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem Biophys</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>424</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>219</start><end>225</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0131"><titleInfo><title>Acyl glucuronides: Biological activity, chemical reactivity, and chemical synthesis</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AV</namePart><namePart type="family">Stachulski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Harding</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart><namePart type="family">Lindon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Maggs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ID</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Stachulski AV, Harding JR, Lindon JC, Maggs JL, Park BK, Wilson ID. Acyl glucuronides: Biological activity, chemical reactivity, and chemical synthesis. J Med Chem 2006;49:6931–6945.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>49</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6931</start><end>6945</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Med Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>49</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6931</start><end>6945</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0132"><titleInfo><title>Chemistry and reactivity of acyl glucuronides, in acyl glucuronides: Mechanistic role in drug toxicity?</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AV</namePart><namePart type="family">Stachulski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Stachulski AV. Chemistry and reactivity of acyl glucuronides, in acyl glucuronides: Mechanistic role in drug toxicity? Curr Drug Metab 2011;12:215–221.</note><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>215</start><end>221</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Drug Metab</title></titleInfo><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>215</start><end>221</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0133"><titleInfo><title>Disposition and chemical stability of telmisartan 1‐O‐acyl glucuronide</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Ebner</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Heizel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Prox</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Beschk</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Wachsmuth</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ebner T, Heizel G, Prox A, Beschk K, Wachsmuth H. Disposition and chemical stability of telmisartan 1‐O‐acyl glucuronide. Drug Metab Dispos 1999;27:1143–1149.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>27</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1143</start><end>1149</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>27</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1143</start><end>1149</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0134"><titleInfo><title>Acyl glucuronide drug metabolites: Toxicological and analytical implications</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Shipkova</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">VW</namePart><namePart type="family">Armstrong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Oellerich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Wieland</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Shipkova M, Armstrong VW, Oellerich M, Wieland E. Acyl glucuronide drug metabolites: Toxicological and analytical implications. Ther Drug Monit 2003;25:1–16.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>16</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Ther Drug Monit</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>16</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0135"><titleInfo><title>NMR spectroscopic studies on the in vitro acyl glucuronide migration kinetics of ibuprofen ((+/‐)‐(R, S)‐2‐(4‐Isobutylphenyl) propanoic acid), its metabolites, and analogues</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CH</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Athersuch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ID</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Iddon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">XL</namePart><namePart type="family">Meng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AV</namePart><namePart type="family">Stachulski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart><namePart type="family">Lindon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JK</namePart><namePart type="family">Nicholson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Johnson CH, Athersuch TJ, Wilson ID, Iddon L, Meng XL, Stachulski AV, Lindon JC, Nicholson JK. NMR spectroscopic studies on the in vitro acyl glucuronide migration kinetics of ibuprofen ((+/‐)‐(R, S)‐2‐(4‐Isobutylphenyl) propanoic acid), its metabolites, and analogues. Anal Chem 2007;79:8720–8727.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>79</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8720</start><end>8727</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Anal Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>79</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8720</start><end>8727</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0136"><titleInfo><title>Synthesis, trnsacylation kinetics and computational chemistry of a set of arylacetic acid 1 beta‐O‐acyl glucuronides</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NG</namePart><namePart type="family">Berry</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Iddon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Iqbal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">XL</namePart><namePart type="family">Meng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Jayapal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CH</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JK</namePart><namePart type="family">Nicholson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart><namePart type="family">Lindon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Harding</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ID</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AV</namePart><namePart type="family">Stachulski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Berry NG, Iddon L, Iqbal M, Meng XL, Jayapal P, Johnson CH, Nicholson JK, Lindon JC, Harding JR, Wilson ID, Stachulski AV. Synthesis, trnsacylation kinetics and computational chemistry of a set of arylacetic acid 1 beta‐O‐acyl glucuronides. Org Biomol Chem 2009;7:2525–2533.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2525</start><end>2533</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Org Biomol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2525</start><end>2533</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0137"><titleInfo><title>Structure‐activity relationships for degradation reaction of 1 beta‐O‐acyl glucuronides: Kinetic description and prediction of intrinsic electrophilic reactivity under physiological conditions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Baba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Yoshioka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Baba A, Yoshioka T. Structure‐activity relationships for degradation reaction of 1 beta‐O‐acyl glucuronides: Kinetic description and prediction of intrinsic electrophilic reactivity under physiological conditions. Chem Res Toxicol 2009;22:158–172.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>158</start><end>172</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>158</start><end>172</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0138"><titleInfo><title>Structure‐activity relationships for degradation reaction of 1 beta‐O‐acyl glucuronides. Part 2. Electronic and steric descriptors predicting the reactivity of 1‐ beta‐O‐acyl glucuronides derived from benzoic acids</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Baba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Yoshioka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Baba A, Yoshioka T. Structure‐activity relationships for degradation reaction of 1 beta‐O‐acyl glucuronides. Part 2. Electronic and steric descriptors predicting the reactivity of 1‐ beta‐O‐acyl glucuronides derived from benzoic acids. Chem Res Toxicol 2009;22:1559–1569.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1559</start><end>1569</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1559</start><end>1569</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0139"><titleInfo><title>Nuclear magnetic resonance and quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) studies on the transacylation reactivity of model 1β‐O‐acyl glucuronides. II. QSAR modelling of the reaction using both computational and experimental NMR parameters</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Vanderhoeven</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Troke</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GE</namePart><namePart type="family">Tranter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ID</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JK</namePart><namePart type="family">Nicholson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart><namePart type="family">Lindon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Vanderhoeven SJ, Troke J, Tranter GE, Wilson ID, Nicholson JK, Lindon JC. Nuclear magnetic resonance and quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) studies on the transacylation reactivity of model 1β‐O‐acyl glucuronides. II. QSAR modelling of the reaction using both computational and experimental NMR parameters. Xenobiotica 2004;34:889–900.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>34</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>889</start><end>900</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Xenobiotica</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>34</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>889</start><end>900</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0140"><titleInfo><title>Structure‐activity relationships for degradation reaction of 1‐beta‐O‐acyl glucuronides. Part 3. Electronic and steric descriptors predicting the reactivity of aralkyl carboxylic acid 1‐beta‐O‐acyl glucuronides</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Baba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Yoshioka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Baba A, Yoshioka T. Structure‐activity relationships for degradation reaction of 1‐beta‐O‐acyl glucuronides. Part 3. Electronic and steric descriptors predicting the reactivity of aralkyl carboxylic acid 1‐beta‐O‐acyl glucuronides. Chem Res Toxicol 2009;22:1998–2008.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1998</start><end>2008</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1998</start><end>2008</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0141"><titleInfo><title>Cyclization of the acyl glucuronide metabolite of a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor to an electrophilic glutarimide: Synthesis, reactivity and mechanistic analysis</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart><namePart type="family">Meng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Maggs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DC</namePart><namePart type="family">Pryde</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Planken</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RE</namePart><namePart type="family">Jenkins</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TM</namePart><namePart type="family">Peakman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Beaumont</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Kohl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AV</namePart><namePart type="family">Stachulski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Meng X, Maggs JL, Pryde DC, Planken S, Jenkins RE, Peakman TM, Beaumont K, Kohl C, Park BK, Stachulski AV. Cyclization of the acyl glucuronide metabolite of a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor to an electrophilic glutarimide: Synthesis, reactivity and mechanistic analysis. J Med Chem 2007;50:6165–6176.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>50</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6165–6176</start></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Med Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>50</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6165–6176</start></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0142"><titleInfo><title>Determination of degradation pathways and kinetics of acyl glucuronides by NMR spectroscopy</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GS</namePart><namePart type="family">Walker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Atherton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Bauman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Kohl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart><namePart type="family">Lam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Reily</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z</namePart><namePart type="family">Lou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Mutlib</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Walker GS, Atherton J, Bauman J, Kohl C, Lam W, Reily M, Lou Z, Mutlib A. Determination of degradation pathways and kinetics of acyl glucuronides by NMR spectroscopy. Chem Res Toxicol 2007;20:876–886.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>876</start><end>886</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>876</start><end>886</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0143"><titleInfo><title>Integrated HPLC‐MS and 1H‐NMR spectroscopic studies on acyl migration reaction kinetics of model drug ester glucuronides</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CH</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Karlsson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Sarda</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Iddon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Iqbal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart><namePart type="family">Meng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JH</namePart><namePart type="family">Harding</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AV</namePart><namePart type="family">Stachulski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JK</namePart><namePart type="family">Nicholson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ID</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart><namePart type="family">Lindon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Johnson CH, Karlsson E, Sarda S, Iddon L, Iqbal M, Meng X, Harding JH, Stachulski AV, Nicholson JK, Wilson ID, Lindon JC. Integrated HPLC‐MS and 1H‐NMR spectroscopic studies on acyl migration reaction kinetics of model drug ester glucuronides. Xenobiotica 2010;40:9–23.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>40</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>9</start><end>23</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Xenobiotica</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>40</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>9</start><end>23</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0144"><titleInfo><title>Rapid internal acyl migration and protein binding of synthetic probenecid glucuronides</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Akira</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Uchijima</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Hashimoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Akira K, Uchijima T, Hashimoto T. Rapid internal acyl migration and protein binding of synthetic probenecid glucuronides. Chem Res Toxicol 2002;15:765–772.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>765</start><end>772</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>765</start><end>772</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0145"><titleInfo><title>Optimization to eliminate the interference of migration isomers for measuring 1‐O‐β‐acyl glucuronide without extensive chromatographic separation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y‐J</namePart><namePart type="family">Xue</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JB</namePart><namePart type="family">Akinsanya</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Raghavan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Xue Y‐J, Akinsanya JB, Raghavan N, Zhang D. Optimization to eliminate the interference of migration isomers for measuring 1‐O‐β‐acyl glucuronide without extensive chromatographic separation. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2008;22:109–120.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>109</start><end>120</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>109</start><end>120</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0146"><titleInfo><title>Reactions of oxaprozin‐1‐O‐acyl glucuronide in solutions of human plasma and albumin</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HW</namePart><namePart type="family">Ruelius</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SK</namePart><namePart type="family">Kirkman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EM</namePart><namePart type="family">Young</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FW</namePart><namePart type="family">Janssen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ruelius HW, Kirkman SK, Young EM, Janssen FW. Reactions of oxaprozin‐1‐O‐acyl glucuronide in solutions of human plasma and albumin. Adv Exp Med Biol 1986;197:431–441.</note><part><date>1986</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>197</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>431</start><end>441</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Adv Exp Med Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1986</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>197</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>431</start><end>441</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0147"><titleInfo><title>In situ transient spectroscopy for the study of glucuronidase activity within serum albumin</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Bueno</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MC</namePart><namePart type="family">Jimenez</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MA</namePart><namePart type="family">Miranda</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Bueno CJ, Jimenez MC, Miranda MA. In situ transient spectroscopy for the study of glucuronidase activity within serum albumin. J Phys Chem B 2009;113:6861–6865.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>113</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6861</start><end>6865</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Phys Chem B</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>113</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6861</start><end>6865</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0148"><titleInfo><title>Reactive acyl glucuronide metabolites of ibuprofen and other NSAIDs modify plasma protein thereby potentially initiating adverse drug reactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RN</namePart><namePart type="family">Monrad</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart><namePart type="family">Errey</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AV</namePart><namePart type="family">Stachulski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BG</namePart><namePart type="family">Davis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>other</genre></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0149"><titleInfo><title>Identification of protein targets for mycophenolic acid acyl glucuronide in rat liver and colon tissue</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Shipkova</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Beck</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Voland</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">VW</namePart><namePart type="family">Armstrong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Grone</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Oellerich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Wieland</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Shipkova M, Beck H, Voland A, Armstrong VW, Grone HJ, Oellerich M, Wieland E. Identification of protein targets for mycophenolic acid acyl glucuronide in rat liver and colon tissue. Proteomics 2004;4:2728–2738.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2728</start><end>2738</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proteomics</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2728</start><end>2738</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0150"><titleInfo><title>Convenient syntheses of the in vivo carbohydrate metabolites of mycophenolic acid and a comment on the protein reactivity of the acyl glucuronide</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Jones</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HK</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Meath</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart><namePart type="family">Meng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DW</namePart><namePart type="family">Holt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnston</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Oellerich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Armstrong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AV</namePart><namePart type="family">Stachulski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Jones AE, Wilson HK, Meath P, Meng X, Holt DW, Johnston A, Oellerich M, Armstrong V, Stachulski AV. Convenient syntheses of the in vivo carbohydrate metabolites of mycophenolic acid and a comment on the protein reactivity of the acyl glucuronide. Tetrahedron Lett 2009;50:4973–4977.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>50</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4973</start><end>4977</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Tetrahedron Lett</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>50</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4973</start><end>4977</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0151"><titleInfo><title>Effect of mycophenolate acyl‐glucuronide on human recombinant type 2 inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O</namePart><namePart type="family">Gensburger</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Picard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Marquet</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Gensburger O, Picard N, Marquet P. Effect of mycophenolate acyl‐glucuronide on human recombinant type 2 inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. Clin Chem 2009;55:986–993.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>55</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>986</start><end>993</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clin Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>55</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>986</start><end>993</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0152"><titleInfo><title>A novel approach for predicting acyl glucuronide reactivity via Schiff base formation: Development of rapidly formed peptide adducts for LC/MS/MS measurements</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Davis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Li</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Azam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Scatina</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Talaat</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Wang J, Davis M, Li F, Azam F, Scatina J, Talaat R. A novel approach for predicting acyl glucuronide reactivity via Schiff base formation: Development of rapidly formed peptide adducts for LC/MS/MS measurements. Chem Res Toxicol 2004;17:1206–1216.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1206</start><end>1216</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1206</start><end>1216</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0153"><titleInfo><title>Covalent binding of 2‐phenylpropionyl‐S‐acyl‐CoA thioester to tissue proteins in vivo</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CZ</namePart><namePart type="family">Li</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MO</namePart><namePart type="family">Olurinde</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LM</namePart><namePart type="family">Hodges</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MP</namePart><namePart type="family">Grillo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LZ</namePart><namePart type="family">Benet</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Li CZ, Olurinde MO, Hodges LM, Grillo MP, Benet LZ. Covalent binding of 2‐phenylpropionyl‐S‐acyl‐CoA thioester to tissue proteins in vivo. Drug Metab Dispos 2003;31:727–730.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>727</start><end>730</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>727</start><end>730</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0154"><titleInfo><title>Characterisation and formation of the glutathione conjugate of clofibric acid</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Shore</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Fenselau</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AR</namePart><namePart type="family">King</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RG</namePart><namePart type="family">Dickinson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Shore LJ, Fenselau C, King AR, Dickinson RG. Characterisation and formation of the glutathione conjugate of clofibric acid. Drug Metab Dispos 1995;23:119–123.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>119</start><end>123</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>119</start><end>123</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0155"><titleInfo><title>Glucuronidation and covalent protein binding of benoxaprofen and flunoxaprofen in sandwich‐cultured rat and human hepatocytes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JQ</namePart><namePart type="family">Dong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PC</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Dong JQ, Smith PC. Glucuronidation and covalent protein binding of benoxaprofen and flunoxaprofen in sandwich‐cultured rat and human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2009;37:2314–2322.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>37</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2314</start><end>2322</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>37</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2314</start><end>2322</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0156"><titleInfo><title>Role of benoxaprofen and flunoxaprofen acyl glucuronides in covalent binding to rat plasma and liver proteins in vivo</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JQ</namePart><namePart type="family">Dong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Liu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PC</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Dong JQ, Liu J, Smith PC. Role of benoxaprofen and flunoxaprofen acyl glucuronides in covalent binding to rat plasma and liver proteins in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2005;70:937–948.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>70</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>937</start><end>948</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>70</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>937</start><end>948</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0157"><titleInfo><title>The metabolism and toxicity of furosemide in the Wistar rat and CD‐1 mouse: A chemical and biochemical definition of the toxicophore</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Antoine</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Butler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Jones</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Randle</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Payne</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Howard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Gardiner</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Blagg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Williams DP, Antoine DJ, Butler PJ, Jones R, Randle L, Payne A, Howard M, Gardiner I, Blagg J, Park BK. The metabolism and toxicity of furosemide in the Wistar rat and CD‐1 mouse: A chemical and biochemical definition of the toxicophore. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007;322:1208–1220.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>322</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1208</start><end>1220</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>322</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1208</start><end>1220</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0158"><titleInfo><title>Development of an in vitro screening model for the biosynthesis of acyl glucuronide metabolites and the assessment of their reactivity towards human serum albumin</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Bolze</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Bromet</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Gay‐Feutry</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Massiere</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Boulieu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Hulot</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Bolze S, Bromet N, Gay‐Feutry C, Massiere F, Boulieu R, Hulot T. Development of an in vitro screening model for the biosynthesis of acyl glucuronide metabolites and the assessment of their reactivity towards human serum albumin. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30:404–413.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>30</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>404</start><end>413</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>30</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>404</start><end>413</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0159"><titleInfo><title>Plasma stability‐dependent circulation of acyl glucuronide metabolites in humans: How circulating metabolite profiles of muraglitazar and peliglitazar can lead to misleading risk assessment</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DL</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Raghavan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LF</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Xue</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Obermeier</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SW</namePart><namePart type="family">Tao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhanh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PT</namePart><namePart type="family">Cheng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WY</namePart><namePart type="family">Li</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Ramanathan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z</namePart><namePart type="family">Yang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WG</namePart><namePart type="family">Humphreys</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zhang DL, Raghavan N, Wang LF, Xue YJ, Obermeier M, Chen S, Tao SW, Zhanh H, Cheng PT, Li WY, Ramanathan R, Yang Z, Humphreys WG. Plasma stability‐dependent circulation of acyl glucuronide metabolites in humans: How circulating metabolite profiles of muraglitazar and peliglitazar can lead to misleading risk assessment. Drug Metab Dispos 2011;39:123–131.</note><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>39</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>123</start><end>131</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>39</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>123</start><end>131</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0160"><titleInfo><title>Investigation of the crossreactivity of mycophenolic acid glucuronide metabolites and of mycophenolate mofetil in the cedia MPA assay</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Shipkova</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Schutz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Besenthal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Fraunberger</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Wieland</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Shipkova M, Schutz E, Besenthal I, Fraunberger P, Wieland E. Investigation of the crossreactivity of mycophenolic acid glucuronide metabolites and of mycophenolate mofetil in the cedia MPA assay. Ther Drug Monit 2010;32:79–85.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>32</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>79</start><end>85</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Ther Drug Monit</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>32</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>79</start><end>85</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0161"><titleInfo><title>Hepatic clearance of reactive glucuronide metabolites of diclofenac in the mouse is dependent on multiple ATP‐binding cassette efflux transporters</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart><namePart type="family">Lagas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RW</namePart><namePart type="family">Sparidans</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Wagenaar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JH</namePart><namePart type="family">Beijnen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JH</namePart><namePart type="family">Schinkel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Lagas JS, Sparidans RW, Wagenaar E, Beijnen JH, Schinkel JH. Hepatic clearance of reactive glucuronide metabolites of diclofenac in the mouse is dependent on multiple ATP‐binding cassette efflux transporters. Mol Pharmacol 2010;77:687–694.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>77</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>687</start><end>694</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>77</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>687</start><end>694</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0162"><titleInfo><title>Toxicological evaluation of acyl glucuronides of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs using human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably expressing human udp‐glucuronosyltransferase and human hepatocytes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Koga</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Fujiwara</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakajima</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Yokoi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Koga T, Fujiwara R, Nakajima M, Yokoi T. Toxicological evaluation of acyl glucuronides of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs using human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably expressing human udp‐glucuronosyltransferase and human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2011;39:54–60.</note><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>39</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>54</start><end>60</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>39</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>54</start><end>60</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0163"><titleInfo><title>Acyl glucuronides: The good, the bad and the ugly</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SL</namePart><namePart type="family">Regan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Maggs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TG</namePart><namePart type="family">Hammond</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Lambert</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Regan SL, Maggs JL, Hammond TG, Lambert C, Williams DP, Park BK. Acyl glucuronides: The good, the bad and the ugly. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2010;31:367–395.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>367</start><end>395</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biopharm Drug Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>367</start><end>395</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0164"><titleInfo><title>Predictability of idiosyncratic drug toxicity risk for carboxylic acid‐containing drugs based on the chemical stability of acyl glucuronide</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Sawamura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Okudaia</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Watanabe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Murai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Kobayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Tachibana</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Ohnuki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Masuda</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Honma</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Kurihara</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O</namePart><namePart type="family">Okazaki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Sawamura R, Okudaia N, Watanabe K, Murai T, Kobayashi Y, Tachibana M, Ohnuki T, Masuda K, Honma H, Kurihara A, Okazaki O. Predictability of idiosyncratic drug toxicity risk for carboxylic acid‐containing drugs based on the chemical stability of acyl glucuronide. Drug Metab Dispos 2010;38:1857–1864.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>38</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1857</start><end>1864</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>38</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1857</start><end>1864</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0165"><titleInfo><title>Adverse drug reactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AM</namePart><namePart type="family">Breckenridge</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Pirmohamed M, Breckenridge AM, Kitteringham NR, Park BK. Adverse drug reactions. Br Med J 1998;316:1295–1298.</note><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>316</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1295</start><end>1298</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Br Med J</title></titleInfo><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>316</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1295</start><end>1298</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0166"><titleInfo><title>Adverse drug reactions as cause of admission to hospital: Prospective analysis of 18 820 patients</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">James</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Meakin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Green</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AK</namePart><namePart type="family">Scott</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Walley</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AM</namePart><namePart type="family">Breckenridge</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Pirmohamed M, James S, Meakin S, Green C, Scott AK, Walley TJ, Farrar K, Park BK, Breckenridge AM. Adverse drug reactions as cause of admission to hospital: Prospective analysis of 18 820 patients. Br Med J 2004;329:15–19.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>329</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>15</start><end>19</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Br Med J</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>329</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>15</start><end>19</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0167"><titleInfo><title>Acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LP</namePart><namePart type="family">James</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PR</namePart><namePart type="family">Mayeux</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Hinson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">James LP, Mayeux PR, Hinson JA. Acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2003;31:1499–1506.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1499</start><end>1506</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1499</start><end>1506</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0168"><titleInfo><title>Acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Hinson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LR</namePart><namePart type="family">Pohl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Monks</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Gillette</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Hinson JA, Pohl LR, Monks TJ, Gillette JR. Acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity. Life Sci 1981;29:107–116.</note><part><date>1981</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>29</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>107</start><end>116</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Life Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>1981</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>29</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>107</start><end>116</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0169"><titleInfo><title>Mechanisms of carbon tetrachloride toxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RO</namePart><namePart type="family">Recknagel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EA</namePart><namePart type="family">Glende Jr.</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Dolak</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RL</namePart><namePart type="family">Waller</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Recknagel RO, Glende EA, Jr., Dolak JA, Waller RL. Mechanisms of carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Pharmacol Ther 1989;43:139–154.</note><part><date>1989</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>43</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>139</start><end>154</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Pharmacol Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>1989</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>43</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>139</start><end>154</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0170"><titleInfo><title>Bromobenzene‐induced liver necrosis. Protective role of glutathione and evidence for 3,4‐bromobenzene oxide as the hepatotoxic metabolite</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Jollow</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Zampaglione</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Gillette</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Jollow DJ, Mitchell JR, Zampaglione N, Gillette JR. Bromobenzene‐induced liver necrosis. Protective role of glutathione and evidence for 3,4‐bromobenzene oxide as the hepatotoxic metabolite. Pharmacology 1974;11:151–169.</note><part><date>1974</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>151</start><end>169</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Pharmacology</title></titleInfo><part><date>1974</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>151</start><end>169</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0171"><titleInfo><title>Oral medications with significant hepatic metabolism at higher risk for hepatic adverse events</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Lammert</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Bjornsson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Niklasson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Chalasani</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Lammert C, Bjornsson E, Niklasson A, Chalasani N. Oral medications with significant hepatic metabolism at higher risk for hepatic adverse events. Hepatology 2010;51:615–620.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>51</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>615</start><end>620</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Hepatology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>51</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>615</start><end>620</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0172"><titleInfo><title>Drug bioactivation, covalent binding to target proteins and toxicity relevance</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart><namePart type="family">Duan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Huang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YZ</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zhou S, Chan E, Duan W, Huang M, Chen YZ. Drug bioactivation, covalent binding to target proteins and toxicity relevance. Drug Metab Rev 2005;37:41–213.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>37</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>41</start><end>213</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Rev</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>37</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>41</start><end>213</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0173"><titleInfo><title>Glutathione metabolism and its role in hepatotoxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LD</namePart><namePart type="family">DeLeve</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Kaplowitz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">DeLeve LD, Kaplowitz N. Glutathione metabolism and its role in hepatotoxicity. Pharmacol Ther 1991;52:287–305.</note><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>52</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>287</start><end>305</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Pharmacol Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>52</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>287</start><end>305</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0174"><titleInfo><title>The electrophile counterattack response: Protection against neoplasia and toxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Prestera</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SR</namePart><namePart type="family">Spencer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CA</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilczak</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Talalay</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Prestera T, Zhang Y, Spencer SR, Wilczak CA, Talalay P. The electrophile counterattack response: Protection against neoplasia and toxicity. Adv Enzyme Regul 1993;33:281–296.</note><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>33</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>281</start><end>296</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Adv Enzyme Regul</title></titleInfo><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>33</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>281</start><end>296</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0175"><titleInfo><title>Redox regulation of genes that protect against carcinogens</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Primiano</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TR</namePart><namePart type="family">Sutter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TW</namePart><namePart type="family">Kensler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Primiano T, Sutter TR, Kensler TW. Redox regulation of genes that protect against carcinogens. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1997;118:487–497.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>118</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>487</start><end>497</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Comp Biochem Physiol B</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>118</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>487</start><end>497</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0176"><titleInfo><title>Integration and diversity of the regulatory network composed of Maf and CNC families of transcription factors</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Motohashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">O'Connor</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Katsuoka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Engel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Motohashi H, O'Connor T, Katsuoka F, Engel JD, Yamamoto M. Integration and diversity of the regulatory network composed of Maf and CNC families of transcription factors. Gene 2002;294:1–12.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>294</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>12</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Gene</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>294</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>12</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0177"><titleInfo><title>Signaling to NF‐kappaB</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MS</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayden</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Ghosh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Hayden MS, Ghosh S. Signaling to NF‐kappaB. Genes Dev 2004;18:2195–2224.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2195</start><end>2224</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Genes Dev</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2195</start><end>2224</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0178"><titleInfo><title>AP‐1 function and regulation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Karin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z</namePart><namePart type="family">Liu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Zandi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Karin M, Liu Z, Zandi E. AP‐1 function and regulation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1997;9:240–246.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>240</start><end>246</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Opin Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>240</start><end>246</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0179"><titleInfo><title>The human cytosolic molecular chaperones hsp90, hsp70 (hsc70) and hdj‐1 have distinct roles in recognition of a non‐native protein and protein refolding</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BC</namePart><namePart type="family">Freeman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RI</namePart><namePart type="family">Morimoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Freeman BC, Morimoto RI. The human cytosolic molecular chaperones hsp90, hsp70 (hsc70) and hdj‐1 have distinct roles in recognition of a non‐native protein and protein refolding. EMBO J 1996;15:2969–2979.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2969</start><end>2979</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>EMBO J</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2969</start><end>2979</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0180"><titleInfo><title>Induction of heat shock proteins for protection against oxidative stress</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalmar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Greensmith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kalmar B, Greensmith L. Induction of heat shock proteins for protection against oxidative stress. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009;61:310–318.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>61</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>310</start><end>318</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Adv Drug Deliv Rev</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>61</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>310</start><end>318</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0181"><titleInfo><title>On the discovery of glutathione</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Meister</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Meister A. On the discovery of glutathione. Trends Biochem Sci 1988;13:185–188.</note><part><date>1988</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>185</start><end>188</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Trends Biochem Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>1988</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>185</start><end>188</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0182"><titleInfo><title>The regulation of hepatic glutathione</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Kaplowitz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TY</namePart><namePart type="family">Aw</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Ookhtens</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kaplowitz N, Aw TY, Ookhtens M. The regulation of hepatic glutathione. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1985;25:715–744.</note><part><date>1985</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>715</start><end>744</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1985</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>715</start><end>744</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0183"><titleInfo><title>Glutathione and glutathione‐dependent enzymes represent a co‐ordinately regulated defence against oxidative stress</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LI</namePart><namePart type="family">McLellan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Hayes JD, McLellan LI. Glutathione and glutathione‐dependent enzymes represent a co‐ordinately regulated defence against oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 1999;31:273–300.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>273</start><end>300</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Free Radic Res</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>273</start><end>300</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0184"><titleInfo><title>Cytochromes P450, drugs, and diseases</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FP</namePart><namePart type="family">Guengerich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Guengerich FP. Cytochromes P450, drugs, and diseases. Mol Interv 2003;3:194–204.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>194</start><end>204</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Interv</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>194</start><end>204</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0185"><titleInfo><title>Overview of enzymes of drug metabolism</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">UA</namePart><namePart type="family">Meyer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Meyer UA. Overview of enzymes of drug metabolism. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1996;24:449–459.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>449</start><end>459</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacokinet Biopharm</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>449</start><end>459</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0186"><titleInfo><title>The human drug metabolizing cytochromes P450</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SA</namePart><namePart type="family">Wrighton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">VandenBranden</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Ring</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Wrighton SA, VandenBranden M, Ring BJ. The human drug metabolizing cytochromes P450. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1996;24:461–473.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>461</start><end>473</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacokinet Biopharm</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>461</start><end>473</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0187"><titleInfo><title>Induction of phase I, II and III drug metabolism/transport by xenobiotics</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Xu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CY</namePart><namePart type="family">Li</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AN</namePart><namePart type="family">Kong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Xu C, Li CY, Kong AN. Induction of phase I, II and III drug metabolism/transport by xenobiotics. Arch Pharm Res 2005;28:249–268.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>249</start><end>268</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Arch Pharm Res</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>249</start><end>268</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0188"><titleInfo><title>Understanding the role of reactive metabolites in drug‐induced hepatotoxicity: State of the science</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Antoine</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Antoine DJ, Williams DP, Park BK. Understanding the role of reactive metabolites in drug‐induced hepatotoxicity: State of the science. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008;4:1415–1427.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1415</start><end>1427</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1415</start><end>1427</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0189"><titleInfo><title>Gibson GG, Skett P, MyiLibrary. Introduction to Drug Metabolism. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes; 2001. viii, 256 pp.</title></titleInfo><name type="corporate"><namePart>MyiLibrary</namePart></name><note type="citation/reference">Gibson GG, Skett P, MyiLibrary. Introduction to Drug Metabolism. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes; 2001. viii, 256 pp.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GG</namePart><namePart type="family">Gibson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Skett</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Nelson Thornes</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Cheltenham</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>2001</date><extent unit="pages"><start>256</start></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0190"><titleInfo><title>Timbrell JA, Ebrary I. Principles of Biochemical Toxicology. London: Taylor & Francis; 2000. ix, 394 pp.</title></titleInfo><note type="citation/reference">Timbrell JA, Ebrary I. Principles of Biochemical Toxicology. London: Taylor & Francis; 2000. ix, 394 pp.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Timbrell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Ebrary</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Taylor & Francis</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">London</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>2000</date><extent unit="pages"><start>394</start></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0191"><titleInfo><title>Mammalian ABC transporters in health and disease</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Borst</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RO</namePart><namePart type="family">Elferink</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Borst P, Elferink RO. Mammalian ABC transporters in health and disease. Annu Rev Biochem 2002;71:537–592.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>71</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>537</start><end>592</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Annu Rev Biochem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>71</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>537</start><end>592</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0192"><titleInfo><title>Xenobiotic, bile acid, and cholesterol transporters: Function and regulation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CD</namePart><namePart type="family">Klaassen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LM</namePart><namePart type="family">Aleksunes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Klaassen CD, Aleksunes LM. Xenobiotic, bile acid, and cholesterol transporters: Function and regulation. Pharmacol Rev 2010;62:1–96.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>62</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>96</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Pharmacol Rev</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>62</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>96</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0193"><titleInfo><title>Paracetamol metabolism following overdosage: Application of high performance liquid chromatography</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Howie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PI</namePart><namePart type="family">Adriaenssens</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LF</namePart><namePart type="family">Prescott</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Howie D, Adriaenssens PI, Prescott LF. Paracetamol metabolism following overdosage: Application of high performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Pharmacol 1977;29:235–237.</note><part><date>1977</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>29</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>235</start><end>237</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharm Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1977</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>29</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>235</start><end>237</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0194"><titleInfo><title>N‐Acetyl‐p‐benzoquinone imine: A cytochrome P‐450‐mediated oxidation product of acetaminophen</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DC</namePart><namePart type="family">Dahlin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GT</namePart><namePart type="family">Miwa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AY</namePart><namePart type="family">Lu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SD</namePart><namePart type="family">Nelson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Dahlin DC, Miwa GT, Lu AY, Nelson SD. N‐Acetyl‐p‐benzoquinone imine: A cytochrome P‐450‐mediated oxidation product of acetaminophen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984;81:1327–1331.</note><part><date>1984</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>81</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1327</start><end>1331</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title></titleInfo><part><date>1984</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>81</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1327</start><end>1331</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0195"><titleInfo><title>Acetaminophen activation by human liver cytochromes P450IIE1 and P450IA2</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Raucy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Lasker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CS</namePart><namePart type="family">Lieber</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Black</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Raucy JL, Lasker JM, Lieber CS, Black M. Acetaminophen activation by human liver cytochromes P450IIE1 and P450IA2. Arch Biochem Biophys 1989;271:270–283.</note><part><date>1989</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>271</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>270</start><end>283</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Arch Biochem Biophys</title></titleInfo><part><date>1989</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>271</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>270</start><end>283</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0196"><titleInfo><title>Oxidation of acetaminophen to N‐acetyl‐p‐aminobenzoquinone imine by human CYP3A4</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KE</namePart><namePart type="family">Thummel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CA</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KL</namePart><namePart type="family">Kunze</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SD</namePart><namePart type="family">Nelson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JT</namePart><namePart type="family">Slattery</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Thummel KE, Lee CA, Kunze KL, Nelson SD, Slattery JT. Oxidation of acetaminophen to N‐acetyl‐p‐aminobenzoquinone imine by human CYP3A4. Biochem Pharmacol 1993;45:1563–1569.</note><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>45</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1563</start><end>1569</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>45</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1563</start><end>1569</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0197"><titleInfo><title>Acetaminophen‐induced hepatic necrosis. I. Role of drug metabolism</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Jollow</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WZ</namePart><namePart type="family">Potter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DC</namePart><namePart type="family">Davis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Gillette</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BB</namePart><namePart type="family">Brodie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Mitchell JR, Jollow DJ, Potter WZ, Davis DC, Gillette JR, Brodie BB. Acetaminophen‐induced hepatic necrosis. I. Role of drug metabolism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1973;187:185–194.</note><part><date>1973</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>187</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>185</start><end>194</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>1973</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>187</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>185</start><end>194</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0198"><titleInfo><title>Paracetamol (acetaminophen)‐induced toxicity: Molecular and biochemical mechanisms, analogues and protective approaches</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JG</namePart><namePart type="family">Bessems</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NP</namePart><namePart type="family">Vermeulen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Bessems JG, Vermeulen NP. Paracetamol (acetaminophen)‐induced toxicity: Molecular and biochemical mechanisms, analogues and protective approaches. Crit Rev Toxicol 2001;31:55–138.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>55</start><end>138</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Crit Rev Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>55</start><end>138</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0199"><titleInfo><title>Species differences in hepatic glutathione depletion, covalent binding and hepatic necrosis after acetaminophen</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DC</namePart><namePart type="family">Davis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WZ</namePart><namePart type="family">Potter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Jollow</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Davis DC, Potter WZ, Jollow DJ, Mitchell JR. Species differences in hepatic glutathione depletion, covalent binding and hepatic necrosis after acetaminophen. Life Sci 1974;14:2099–2109.</note><part><date>1974</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>14</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2099</start><end>2109</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Life Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>1974</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>14</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2099</start><end>2109</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0200"><titleInfo><title>Acetaminophen‐induced hepatic necrosis. V. Correlation of hepatic necrosis, covalent binding and glutathione depletion in hamsters</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WZ</namePart><namePart type="family">Potter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SS</namePart><namePart type="family">Thorgeirsson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Jollow</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Potter WZ, Thorgeirsson SS, Jollow DJ, Mitchell JR. Acetaminophen‐induced hepatic necrosis. V. Correlation of hepatic necrosis, covalent binding and glutathione depletion in hamsters. Pharmacology 1974;12:129–143.</note><part><date>1974</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>129</start><end>143</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Pharmacology</title></titleInfo><part><date>1974</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>129</start><end>143</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0201"><titleInfo><title>The molecular toxicology of acetaminophen</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PD</namePart><namePart type="family">Josephy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Josephy PD. The molecular toxicology of acetaminophen. Drug Metab Rev 2005;37:581–594.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>37</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>581</start><end>594</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Rev</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>37</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>581</start><end>594</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0202"><titleInfo><title>The Nrf2‐Keap1 defence pathway: Role in protection against drug‐induced toxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">IM</namePart><namePart type="family">Copple</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CE</namePart><namePart type="family">Goldring</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Copple IM, Goldring CE, Kitteringham NR, Park BK. The Nrf2‐Keap1 defence pathway: Role in protection against drug‐induced toxicity. Toxicology 2008;246:24–33.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>246</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>24</start><end>33</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>246</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>24</start><end>33</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0203"><titleInfo><title>NRF2 and KEAP1 mutations: Permanent activation of an adaptive response in cancer</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">McMahon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Hayes JD, McMahon M. NRF2 and KEAP1 mutations: Permanent activation of an adaptive response in cancer. Trends Biochem Sci 2009;34:176–188.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>34</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>176</start><end>188</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Trends Biochem Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>34</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>176</start><end>188</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0204"><titleInfo><title>The ubiquitous subunit of erythroid transcription factor NF‐E2 is a small basic‐leucine zipper protein related to the v‐maf oncogene</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NC</namePart><namePart type="family">Andrews</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Kotkow</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PA</namePart><namePart type="family">Ney</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Erdjument‐Bromage</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Tempst</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SH</namePart><namePart type="family">Orkin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Andrews NC, Kotkow KJ, Ney PA, Erdjument‐Bromage H, Tempst P, Orkin SH. The ubiquitous subunit of erythroid transcription factor NF‐E2 is a small basic‐leucine zipper protein related to the v‐maf oncogene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:11488–11492.</note><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>90</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>11488</start><end>11492</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title></titleInfo><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>90</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>11488</start><end>11492</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0205"><titleInfo><title>Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a new Cap'n’ collar family transcription factor Nrf3</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Kobayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Ito</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Toki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Kogame</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Takahashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Igarashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kobayashi A, Ito E, Toki T, Kogame K, Takahashi S, Igarashi K, Hayashi N, Yamamoto M. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a new Cap'n’ collar family transcription factor Nrf3. J Biol Chem 1999;274:6443–6452.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>274</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6443</start><end>6452</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>274</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6443</start><end>6452</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0206"><titleInfo><title>hMAF, a small human transcription factor that heterodimerizes specifically with Nrf1 and Nrf2</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MG</namePart><namePart type="family">Marini</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Casula</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YW</namePart><namePart type="family">Kan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Cao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Moi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Marini MG, Chan K, Casula L, Kan YW, Cao A, Moi P. hMAF, a small human transcription factor that heterodimerizes specifically with Nrf1 and Nrf2. J Biol Chem 1997;272:16490–16497.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>272</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>16490</start><end>16497</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>272</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>16490</start><end>16497</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0207"><titleInfo><title>Identification of a novel Nrf2‐regulated antioxidant response element (ARE) in the mouse NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 gene: Reassessment of the ARE consensus sequence</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Nioi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">McMahon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Itoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Nioi P, McMahon M, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Hayes JD. Identification of a novel Nrf2‐regulated antioxidant response element (ARE) in the mouse NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 gene: Reassessment of the ARE consensus sequence. Biochem J 2003;374:337–348.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>374</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>337</start><end>348</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem J</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>374</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>337</start><end>348</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0208"><titleInfo><title>The Maf transcription factors: Regulators of differentiation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Blank</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NC</namePart><namePart type="family">Andrews</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Blank V, Andrews NC. The Maf transcription factors: Regulators of differentiation. Trends Biochem Sci 1997;22:437–441.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>437</start><end>441</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Trends Biochem Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>437</start><end>441</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0209"><titleInfo><title>Parallel induction of heme oxygenase‐1 and chemoprotective phase 2 enzymes by electrophiles and antioxidants: Regulation by upstream antioxidant‐responsive elements (ARE)</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Prestera</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Talalay</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Alam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YI</namePart><namePart type="family">Ahn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AM</namePart><namePart type="family">Choi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Prestera T, Talalay P, Alam J, Ahn YI, Lee PJ, Choi AM. Parallel induction of heme oxygenase‐1 and chemoprotective phase 2 enzymes by electrophiles and antioxidants: Regulation by upstream antioxidant‐responsive elements (ARE). Mol Med 1995;1:827–837.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>827</start><end>837</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Med</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>827</start><end>837</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0210"><titleInfo><title>The antioxidant responsive element. Activation by oxidative stress and identification of the DNA consensus sequence required for functional activity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TH</namePart><namePart type="family">Rushmore</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MR</namePart><namePart type="family">Morton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CB</namePart><namePart type="family">Pickett</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Rushmore TH, Morton MR, Pickett CB. The antioxidant responsive element. Activation by oxidative stress and identification of the DNA consensus sequence required for functional activity. J Biol Chem 1991;266:11632–11639.</note><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>266</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>11632</start><end>11639</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>266</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>11632</start><end>11639</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0211"><titleInfo><title>Cloning of Nrf1, an NF‐E2‐related transcription factor, by genetic selection in yeast</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JY</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">XL</namePart><namePart type="family">Han</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YW</namePart><namePart type="family">Kan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Chan JY, Han XL, Kan YW. Cloning of Nrf1, an NF‐E2‐related transcription factor, by genetic selection in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:11371–11375.</note><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>90</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>11371</start><end>11375</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title></titleInfo><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>90</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>11371</start><end>11375</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0212"><titleInfo><title>Nrf1 is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane by an N‐terminal transmembrane domain. Inhibition of nuclear translocation and transacting function</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JY</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Wang W, Chan JY. Nrf1 is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane by an N‐terminal transmembrane domain. Inhibition of nuclear translocation and transacting function. J Biol Chem 2006;281:19676–19687.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>281</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>19676</start><end>19687</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>281</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>19676</start><end>19687</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0213"><titleInfo><title>The Nrf3 transcription factor is a membrane‐bound glycoprotein targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum through its N‐terminal homology box 1 sequence</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Kobayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zhang Y, Kobayashi A, Yamamoto M, Hayes JD. The Nrf3 transcription factor is a membrane‐bound glycoprotein targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum through its N‐terminal homology box 1 sequence. J Biol Chem 2009;284:3195–3210.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>284</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3195</start><end>3210</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>284</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3195</start><end>3210</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0214"><titleInfo><title>Negative regulation of the Nrf1 transcription factor by its N‐terminal domain is independent of Keap1: Nrf1, but not Nrf2, is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DH</namePart><namePart type="family">Crouch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zhang Y, Crouch DH, Yamamoto M, Hayes JD. Negative regulation of the Nrf1 transcription factor by its N‐terminal domain is independent of Keap1: Nrf1, but not Nrf2, is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum. Biochem J 2006;399:373–385.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>399</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>373</start><end>385</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem J</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>399</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>373</start><end>385</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0215"><titleInfo><title>The NHB1 (N‐terminal homology box 1) sequence in transcription factor Nrf1 is required to anchor it to the endoplasmic reticulum and also to enable its asparagine‐glycosylation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Lucocq</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zhang Y, Lucocq JM, Yamamoto M, Hayes JD. The NHB1 (N‐terminal homology box 1) sequence in transcription factor Nrf1 is required to anchor it to the endoplasmic reticulum and also to enable its asparagine‐glycosylation. Biochem J 2007;408:161–172.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>408</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>161</start><end>172</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem J</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>408</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>161</start><end>172</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0216"><titleInfo><title>Nrf1 is critical for redox balance and survival of liver cells during development</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Kwong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Lu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Ginzinger</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Leung</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JY</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Chen L, Kwong M, Lu R, Ginzinger D, Lee C, Leung L, Chan JY. Nrf1 is critical for redox balance and survival of liver cells during development. Mol Cell Biol 2003;23:4673–4686.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4673</start><end>4686</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4673</start><end>4686</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0217"><titleInfo><title>Targeted disruption of the ubiquitous CNC‐bZIP transcription factor, Nrf‐1, results in anemia and embryonic lethality in mice</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JY</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Kwong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Lu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Chang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TS</namePart><namePart type="family">Yen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YW</namePart><namePart type="family">Kan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Chan JY, Kwong M, Lu R, Chang J, Wang B, Yen TS, Kan YW. Targeted disruption of the ubiquitous CNC‐bZIP transcription factor, Nrf‐1, results in anemia and embryonic lethality in mice. EMBO J 1998;17:1779–1787.</note><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1779</start><end>1787</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>EMBO J</title></titleInfo><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1779</start><end>1787</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0218"><titleInfo><title>The CNC basic leucine zipper factor, Nrf1, is essential for cell survival in response to oxidative stress‐inducing agents. Role for Nrf1 in gamma‐gcs(l) and gss expression in mouse fibroblasts</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Kwong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YW</namePart><namePart type="family">Kan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JY</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kwong M, Kan YW, Chan JY. The CNC basic leucine zipper factor, Nrf1, is essential for cell survival in response to oxidative stress‐inducing agents. Role for Nrf1 in gamma‐gcs(l) and gss expression in mouse fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1999;274:37491–37498.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>274</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>37491</start><end>37498</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>274</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>37491</start><end>37498</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0219"><titleInfo><title>Long isoforms of NRF1 contribute to arsenic‐induced antioxidant response in human keratinocytes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Hou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Xue</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CG</namePart><namePart type="family">Woods</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Fu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Feng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Guan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Sun</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JY</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MP</namePart><namePart type="family">Waalkes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ME</namePart><namePart type="family">Andersen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Pi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zhao R, Hou Y, Xue P, Woods CG, Fu J, Feng B, Guan D, Sun G, Chan JY, Waalkes MP, Andersen ME, Pi J. Long isoforms of NRF1 contribute to arsenic‐induced antioxidant response in human keratinocytes. Environ Health Perspect 2011;119:56–62.</note><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>119</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>56</start><end>62</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Environ Health Perspect</title></titleInfo><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>119</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>56</start><end>62</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0220"><titleInfo><title>Nrf1 and Nrf2 play distinct roles in activation of antioxidant response element‐dependent genes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Ohtsuji</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Katsuoka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Kobayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Aburatani</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ohtsuji M, Katsuoka F, Kobayashi A, Aburatani H, Hayes JD, Yamamoto M. Nrf1 and Nrf2 play distinct roles in activation of antioxidant response element‐dependent genes. J Biol Chem 2008;283:33554–33562.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>283</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>33554</start><end>33562</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>283</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>33554</start><end>33562</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0221"><titleInfo><title>Nrf1 and Nrf2 positively and c‐Fos and Fra1 negatively regulate the human antioxidant response element‐mediated expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase‐1 gene</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Venugopal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AK</namePart><namePart type="family">Jaiswal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK. Nrf1 and Nrf2 positively and c‐Fos and Fra1 negatively regulate the human antioxidant response element‐mediated expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase‐1 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:14960–14965.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>93</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>14960</start><end>14965</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>93</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>14960</start><end>14965</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0222"><titleInfo><title>The p65 isoform of Nrf1 is a dominant negative inhibitor of ARE‐mediated transcription</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AM</namePart><namePart type="family">Kwok</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JY</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Wang W, Kwok AM, Chan JY. The p65 isoform of Nrf1 is a dominant negative inhibitor of ARE‐mediated transcription. J Biol Chem 2007;282:24670–24678.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>282</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>24670</start><end>24678</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>282</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>24670</start><end>24678</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0223"><titleInfo><title>The Nrf1 CNC/bZIP protein is a nuclear envelope‐bound transcription factor that is activated by t‐butyl hydroquinone but not by endoplasmic reticulum stressors</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Lucocq</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zhang Y, Lucocq JM, Hayes JD. The Nrf1 CNC/bZIP protein is a nuclear envelope‐bound transcription factor that is activated by t‐butyl hydroquinone but not by endoplasmic reticulum stressors. Biochem J 2009;418:293–310.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>418</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>293</start><end>310</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem J</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>418</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>293</start><end>310</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0224"><titleInfo><title>Chemoprotective and carcinogenic effects of tert‐butylhydroquinone and its metabolites</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Gharavi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Haggarty</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AO</namePart><namePart type="family">El‐Kadi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Gharavi N, Haggarty S, El‐Kadi AO. Chemoprotective and carcinogenic effects of tert‐butylhydroquinone and its metabolites. Curr Drug Metab 2007;8:1–7.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>7</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Drug Metab</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>7</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0225"><titleInfo><title>Pivotal role of electrophilicity in glutathione S‐transferase induction by tert‐butylhydroquinone</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakamura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Kumagai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Yoshida</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Naito</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Miyamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Ohigashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Osawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Uchida</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Nakamura Y, Kumagai T, Yoshida C, Naito Y, Miyamoto M, Ohigashi H, Osawa T, Uchida K. Pivotal role of electrophilicity in glutathione S‐transferase induction by tert‐butylhydroquinone. Biochemistry 2003;42:4300–4309.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>42</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4300</start><end>4309</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochemistry</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>42</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4300</start><end>4309</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0226"><titleInfo><title>Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino‐terminal Neh2 domain</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Itoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Wakabayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Katoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Ishii</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Igarashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Engel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Itoh K, Wakabayashi N, Katoh Y, Ishii T, Igarashi K, Engel JD, Yamamoto M. Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino‐terminal Neh2 domain. Genes Dev 1999;13:76–86.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>76</start><end>86</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Genes Dev</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>76</start><end>86</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0227"><titleInfo><title>The Keap1‐BTB protein is an adaptor that bridges Nrf2 to a Cul3‐based E3 ligase: Oxidative stress sensing by a Cul3‐Keap1 ligase</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SB</namePart><namePart type="family">Cullinan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Gordan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Jin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JW</namePart><namePart type="family">Harper</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Diehl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Cullinan SB, Gordan JD, Jin J, Harper JW, Diehl JA. The Keap1‐BTB protein is an adaptor that bridges Nrf2 to a Cul3‐based E3 ligase: Oxidative stress sensing by a Cul3‐Keap1 ligase. Mol Cell Biol 2004;24:8477–8486.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8477</start><end>8486</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8477</start><end>8486</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0228"><titleInfo><title>BTB protein Keap1 targets antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 for ubiquitination by the Cullin 3‐Roc1 ligase</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Furukawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Xiong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Furukawa M, Xiong Y. BTB protein Keap1 targets antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 for ubiquitination by the Cullin 3‐Roc1 ligase. Mol Cell Biol 2005;25:162–171.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>162</start><end>171</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>162</start><end>171</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0229"><titleInfo><title>Oxidative stress sensor Keap1 functions as an adaptor for Cul3‐based E3 ligase to regulate proteasomal degradation of Nrf2</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Kobayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MI</namePart><namePart type="family">Kang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Okawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Ohtsuji</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Zenke</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Chiba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Igarashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kobayashi A, Kang MI, Okawa H, Ohtsuji M, Zenke Y, Chiba T, Igarashi K, Yamamoto M. Oxidative stress sensor Keap1 functions as an adaptor for Cul3‐based E3 ligase to regulate proteasomal degradation of Nrf2. Mol Cell Biol 2004;24:7130–7139.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>7130</start><end>7139</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>7130</start><end>7139</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0230"><titleInfo><title>Keap1 is a redox‐regulated substrate adaptor protein for a Cul3‐dependent ubiquitin ligase complex</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DD</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SC</namePart><namePart type="family">Lo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JV</namePart><namePart type="family">Cross</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Templeton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Hannink</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zhang DD, Lo SC, Cross JV, Templeton DJ, Hannink M. Keap1 is a redox‐regulated substrate adaptor protein for a Cul3‐dependent ubiquitin ligase complex. Mol Cell Biol 2004;24:10941–10953.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>10941</start><end>10953</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>10941</start><end>10953</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0231"><titleInfo><title>Heme activates the heme oxygenase‐1 gene in renal epithelial cells by stabilizing Nrf2</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Alam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Killeen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Gong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Naquin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Hu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Stewart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Ingelfinger</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KA</namePart><namePart type="family">Nath</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Alam J, Killeen E, Gong P, Naquin R, Hu B, Stewart D, Ingelfinger JR, Nath KA. Heme activates the heme oxygenase‐1 gene in renal epithelial cells by stabilizing Nrf2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2003;284:F743–F752.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>284</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>F743</start><end>F752</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Am J Physiol Renal Physiol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>284</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>F743</start><end>F752</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0232"><titleInfo><title>Keap1 regulates both cytoplasmic‐nuclear shuttling and degradation of Nrf2 in response to electrophiles</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Itoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Wakabayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Katoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Ishii</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">O'Connor</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Itoh K, Wakabayashi N, Katoh Y, Ishii T, O'Connor T, Yamamoto M. Keap1 regulates both cytoplasmic‐nuclear shuttling and degradation of Nrf2 in response to electrophiles. Genes Cells 2003;8:379–391.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>379</start><end>391</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Genes Cells</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>379</start><end>391</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0233"><titleInfo><title>Keap1‐dependent proteasomal degradation of transcription factor Nrf2 contributes to the negative regulation of antioxidant response element‐driven gene expression</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">McMahon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Itoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">McMahon M, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Hayes JD. Keap1‐dependent proteasomal degradation of transcription factor Nrf2 contributes to the negative regulation of antioxidant response element‐driven gene expression. J Biol Chem 2003;278:21592–21600.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>21592</start><end>21600</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>21592</start><end>21600</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0234"><titleInfo><title>Increased protein stability as a mechanism that enhances Nrf2‐mediated transcriptional activation of the antioxidant response element. Degradation of Nrf2 by the 26 S proteasome</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Nguyen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Sherratt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HC</namePart><namePart type="family">Huang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CS</namePart><namePart type="family">Yang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CB</namePart><namePart type="family">Pickett</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Nguyen T, Sherratt PJ, Huang HC, Yang CS, Pickett CB. Increased protein stability as a mechanism that enhances Nrf2‐mediated transcriptional activation of the antioxidant response element. Degradation of Nrf2 by the 26 S proteasome. J Biol Chem 2003;278:4536–4541.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4536</start><end>4541</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4536</start><end>4541</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0235"><titleInfo><title>Degradation of transcription factor Nrf2 via the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway and stabilization by cadmium</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Stewart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Killeen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Naquin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Alam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Alam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Stewart D, Killeen E, Naquin R, Alam S, Alam J. Degradation of transcription factor Nrf2 via the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway and stabilization by cadmium. J Biol Chem 2003;278:2396–2402.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2396</start><end>2402</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2396</start><end>2402</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0236"><titleInfo><title>Proteasome inhibition induces glutathione synthesis and protects cells from oxidative stress: Relevance to Parkinson disease</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Sawada</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Izumi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Kume</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Katsuki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Shimohama</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Akaike</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Yamamoto N, Sawada H, Izumi Y, Kume T, Katsuki H, Shimohama S, Akaike A. Proteasome inhibition induces glutathione synthesis and protects cells from oxidative stress: Relevance to Parkinson disease. J Biol Chem 2007;282:4364–4372.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>282</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4364</start><end>4372</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>282</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4364</start><end>4372</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0237"><titleInfo><title>Functional characterization and role of INrf2 in antioxidant response element‐mediated expression and antioxidant induction of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 gene</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Dhakshinamoorthy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AK</namePart><namePart type="family">Jaiswal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Dhakshinamoorthy S, Jaiswal AK. Functional characterization and role of INrf2 in antioxidant response element‐mediated expression and antioxidant induction of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 gene. Oncogene 2001;20:3906–3917.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3906</start><end>3917</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Oncogene</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3906</start><end>3917</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0238"><titleInfo><title>Regulatory mechanisms of cellular response to oxidative stress</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Itoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Ishii</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Wakabayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Itoh K, Ishii T, Wakabayashi N, Yamamoto M. Regulatory mechanisms of cellular response to oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 1999;31:319–324.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>319</start><end>324</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Free Radic Res</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>319</start><end>324</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0239"><titleInfo><title>Small maf (MafG and MafK) proteins negatively regulate antioxidant response element‐mediated expression and antioxidant induction of the NAD(P)H:Quinone oxidoreductase1 gene</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Dhakshinamoorthy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AK</namePart><namePart type="family">Jaiswal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Dhakshinamoorthy S, Jaiswal AK. Small maf (MafG and MafK) proteins negatively regulate antioxidant response element‐mediated expression and antioxidant induction of the NAD(P)H:Quinone oxidoreductase1 gene. J Biol Chem 2000;275:40134–40141.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>275</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>40134</start><end>40141</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>275</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>40134</start><end>40141</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0240"><titleInfo><title>Nrf2, a Cap'n'Collar transcription factor, regulates induction of the heme oxygenase‐1 gene</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Alam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Stewart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Touchard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Boinapally</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AM</namePart><namePart type="family">Choi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Cook</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Alam J, Stewart D, Touchard C, Boinapally S, Choi AM, Cook JL. Nrf2, a Cap'n'Collar transcription factor, regulates induction of the heme oxygenase‐1 gene. J Biol Chem 1999;274:26071–26078.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>274</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>26071</start><end>26078</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>274</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>26071</start><end>26078</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0241"><titleInfo><title>Transcription factor Nrf2 coordinately regulates a group of oxidative stress‐inducible genes in macrophages</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Ishii</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Itoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Takahashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Sato</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Yanagawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Katoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Bannai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ishii T, Itoh K, Takahashi S, Sato H, Yanagawa T, Katoh Y, Bannai S, Yamamoto M. Transcription factor Nrf2 coordinately regulates a group of oxidative stress‐inducible genes in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2000;275:16023–16029.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>275</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>16023</start><end>16029</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>275</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>16023</start><end>16029</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0242"><titleInfo><title>Modulation of gene expression by cancer chemopreventive dithiolethiones through the Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway. Identification of novel gene clusters for cell survival</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MK</namePart><namePart type="family">Kwak</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Wakabayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Itoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Motohashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TW</namePart><namePart type="family">Kensler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kwak MK, Wakabayashi N, Itoh K, Motohashi H, Yamamoto M, Kensler TW. Modulation of gene expression by cancer chemopreventive dithiolethiones through the Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway. Identification of novel gene clusters for cell survival. J Biol Chem 2003;278:8135–8145.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8135</start><end>8145</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8135</start><end>8145</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0243"><titleInfo><title>Induction of AKR1C2 by phase II inducers: Identification of a distal consensus antioxidant response element regulated by NRF2</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Lou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Du</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Q</namePart><namePart type="family">Ji</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Stolz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Lou H, Du S, Ji Q, Stolz A. Induction of AKR1C2 by phase II inducers: Identification of a distal consensus antioxidant response element regulated by NRF2. Mol Pharmacol 2006;69:1662–1672.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>69</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1662</start><end>1672</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>69</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1662</start><end>1672</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0244"><titleInfo><title>Transcription factor Nrf2 regulates promoter activity of mouse aldose reductase (AKR1B3) gene</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Nishinaka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Yabe‐Nishimura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Nishinaka T, Yabe‐Nishimura C. Transcription factor Nrf2 regulates promoter activity of mouse aldose reductase (AKR1B3) gene. J Pharmacol Sci 2005;97:43–51.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>97</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>43</start><end>51</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>97</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>43</start><end>51</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0245"><titleInfo><title>An Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Itoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Chiba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Takahashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Ishii</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Igarashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Katoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Oyake</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Satoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Hatayama</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Nabeshima</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Itoh K, Chiba T, Takahashi S, Ishii T, Igarashi K, Katoh Y, Oyake T, Hayashi N, Satoh K, Hatayama I, Yamamoto M, Nabeshima Y. An Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997;236:313–322.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>236</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>313</start><end>322</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem Biophys Res Commun</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>236</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>313</start><end>322</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0246"><titleInfo><title>The Nrf2 transcription factor contributes both to the basal expression of glutathione S‐transferases in mouse liver and to their induction by the chemopreventive synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole and ethoxyquin</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SA</namePart><namePart type="family">Chanas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Henderson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">McMahon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Sun</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Moffat</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CR</namePart><namePart type="family">Wolf</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Hayes JD, Chanas SA, Henderson CJ, McMahon M, Sun C, Moffat GJ, Wolf CR, Yamamoto M. The Nrf2 transcription factor contributes both to the basal expression of glutathione S‐transferases in mouse liver and to their induction by the chemopreventive synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole and ethoxyquin. Biochem Soc Trans 2000;28:33–41.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>33</start><end>41</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem Soc Trans</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>33</start><end>41</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0247"><titleInfo><title>The Cap'n'Collar basic leucine zipper transcription factor Nrf2 (NF‐E2 p45‐related factor 2) controls both constitutive and inducible expression of intestinal detoxification and glutathione biosynthetic enzymes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">McMahon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Itoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SA</namePart><namePart type="family">Chanas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Henderson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LI</namePart><namePart type="family">McLellan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CR</namePart><namePart type="family">Wolf</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Cavin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">McMahon M, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Chanas SA, Henderson CJ, McLellan LI, Wolf CR, Cavin C, Hayes JD. The Cap'n'Collar basic leucine zipper transcription factor Nrf2 (NF‐E2 p45‐related factor 2) controls both constitutive and inducible expression of intestinal detoxification and glutathione biosynthetic enzymes. Cancer Res 2001;61:3299–3307.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>61</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3299</start><end>3307</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Cancer Res</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>61</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3299</start><end>3307</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0248"><titleInfo><title>High sensitivity of Nrf2 knockout mice to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity associated with decreased expression of ARE‐regulated drug metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant genes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Enomoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Itoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Nagayoshi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Haruta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Kimura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">O'Connor</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Harada</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Enomoto A, Itoh K, Nagayoshi E, Haruta J, Kimura T, O'Connor T, Harada T, Yamamoto M. High sensitivity of Nrf2 knockout mice to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity associated with decreased expression of ARE‐regulated drug metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant genes. Toxicol Sci 2001;59:169–177.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>59</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>169</start><end>177</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicol Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>59</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>169</start><end>177</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0249"><titleInfo><title>Identification of Nrf2‐regulated genes induced by the chemopreventive agent sulforaphane by oligonucleotide microarray</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RK</namePart><namePart type="family">Thimmulappa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KH</namePart><namePart type="family">Mai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Srisuma</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TW</namePart><namePart type="family">Kensler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Biswal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Thimmulappa RK, Mai KH, Srisuma S, Kensler TW, Yamamoto M, Biswal S. Identification of Nrf2‐regulated genes induced by the chemopreventive agent sulforaphane by oligonucleotide microarray. Cancer Res 2002;62:5196–5203.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>62</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5196</start><end>5203</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Cancer Res</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>62</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5196</start><end>5203</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0250"><titleInfo><title>Induction of rat UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases in liver and duodenum by microsomal enzyme inducers that activate various transcriptional pathways</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MK</namePart><namePart type="family">Shelby</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CD</namePart><namePart type="family">Klaassen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Shelby MK, Klaassen CD. Induction of rat UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases in liver and duodenum by microsomal enzyme inducers that activate various transcriptional pathways. Drug Metab Dispos 2006;34:1772–1778.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>34</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1772</start><end>1778</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>34</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1772</start><end>1778</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0251"><titleInfo><title>Nrf2‐Keap1 signaling pathway regulates human UGT1A1 expression in vitro and in transgenic UGT1 mice</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MF</namePart><namePart type="family">Yueh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RH</namePart><namePart type="family">Tukey</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Yueh MF, Tukey RH. Nrf2‐Keap1 signaling pathway regulates human UGT1A1 expression in vitro and in transgenic UGT1 mice. J Biol Chem 2007;282:8749–8758.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>282</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8749</start><end>8758</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>282</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8749</start><end>8758</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0252"><titleInfo><title>Relationship between the occurrence of cysteine in proteins and the complexity of organisms</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Miseta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Csutora</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Miseta A, Csutora P. Relationship between the occurrence of cysteine in proteins and the complexity of organisms. Mol Biol Evol 2000;17:1232–1239.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1232</start><end>1239</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Biol Evol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1232</start><end>1239</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0253"><titleInfo><title>The hepatotoxic metabolite of acetaminophen directly activates the Keap1‐Nrf2 cell defense system</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">IM</namePart><namePart type="family">Copple</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CE</namePart><namePart type="family">Goldring</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RE</namePart><namePart type="family">Jenkins</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Chia</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LE</namePart><namePart type="family">Randle</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Copple IM, Goldring CE, Jenkins RE, Chia AJ, Randle LE, Hayes JD, Kitteringham NR, Park BK. The hepatotoxic metabolite of acetaminophen directly activates the Keap1‐Nrf2 cell defense system. Hepatology 2008;48:1292–1301.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>48</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1292</start><end>1301</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Hepatology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>48</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1292</start><end>1301</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0254"><titleInfo><title>Direct evidence that sulfhydryl groups of Keap1 are the sensors regulating induction of phase 2 enzymes that protect against carcinogens and oxidants</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AT</namePart><namePart type="family">Dinkova‐Kostova</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WD</namePart><namePart type="family">Holtzclaw</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RN</namePart><namePart type="family">Cole</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Itoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Wakabayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Katoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Talalay</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Dinkova‐Kostova AT, Holtzclaw WD, Cole RN, Itoh K, Wakabayashi N, Katoh Y, Yamamoto M, Talalay P. Direct evidence that sulfhydryl groups of Keap1 are the sensors regulating induction of phase 2 enzymes that protect against carcinogens and oxidants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99:11908–11913.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>99</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>11908</start><end>11913</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>99</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>11908</start><end>11913</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0255"><titleInfo><title>Xanthohumol isolated from Humulus lupulus Inhibits menadione‐induced DNA damage through induction of quinone reductase</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BM</namePart><namePart type="family">Dietz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YH</namePart><namePart type="family">Kang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Liu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AL</namePart><namePart type="family">Eggler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Yao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LR</namePart><namePart type="family">Chadwick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GF</namePart><namePart type="family">Pauli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Farnsworth</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AD</namePart><namePart type="family">Mesecar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RB</namePart><namePart type="family">van Breemen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Bolton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Dietz BM, Kang YH, Liu G, Eggler AL, Yao P, Chadwick LR, Pauli GF, Farnsworth NR, Mesecar AD, van Breemen RB, Bolton JL. Xanthohumol isolated from Humulus lupulus Inhibits menadione‐induced DNA damage through induction of quinone reductase. Chem Res Toxicol 2005;18:1296–1305.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1296</start><end>1305</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1296</start><end>1305</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0256"><titleInfo><title>Modifying specific cysteines of the electrophile‐sensing human Keap1 protein is insufficient to disrupt binding to the Nrf2 domain Neh2</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AL</namePart><namePart type="family">Eggler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Liu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Pezzuto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RB</namePart><namePart type="family">van Breemen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AD</namePart><namePart type="family">Mesecar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Eggler AL, Liu G, Pezzuto JM, van Breemen RB, Mesecar AD. Modifying specific cysteines of the electrophile‐sensing human Keap1 protein is insufficient to disrupt binding to the Nrf2 domain Neh2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:10070–10075.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>102</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>10070</start><end>10075</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>102</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>10070</start><end>10075</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0257"><titleInfo><title>Identification of sensor cysteines in human Keap1 modified by the cancer chemopreventive agent sulforaphane</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Hong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ML</namePart><namePart type="family">Freeman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DC</namePart><namePart type="family">Liebler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Hong F, Freeman ML, Liebler DC. Identification of sensor cysteines in human Keap1 modified by the cancer chemopreventive agent sulforaphane. Chem Res Toxicol 2005;18:1917–1926.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1917</start><end>1926</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1917</start><end>1926</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0258"><titleInfo><title>Specific patterns of electrophile adduction trigger Keap1 ubiquitination and Nrf2 activation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Hong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KR</namePart><namePart type="family">Sekhar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ML</namePart><namePart type="family">Freeman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DC</namePart><namePart type="family">Liebler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Hong F, Sekhar KR, Freeman ML, Liebler DC. Specific patterns of electrophile adduction trigger Keap1 ubiquitination and Nrf2 activation. J Biol Chem 2005;280:31768–31775.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>280</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>31768</start><end>31775</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>280</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>31768</start><end>31775</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0259"><titleInfo><title>Screening method for the discovery of potential cancer chemoprevention agents based on mass spectrometric detection of alkylated Keap1</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Liu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AL</namePart><namePart type="family">Eggler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BM</namePart><namePart type="family">Dietz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AD</namePart><namePart type="family">Mesecar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Bolton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Pezzuto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RB</namePart><namePart type="family">van Breemen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Liu G, Eggler AL, Dietz BM, Mesecar AD, Bolton JL, Pezzuto JM, van Breemen RB. Screening method for the discovery of potential cancer chemoprevention agents based on mass spectrometric detection of alkylated Keap1. Anal Chem 2005;77:6407–6414.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>77</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6407</start><end>6414</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Anal Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>77</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6407</start><end>6414</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0260"><titleInfo><title>Sites of alkylation of human Keap1 by natural chemoprevention agents</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Luo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AL</namePart><namePart type="family">Eggler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Liu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Liu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AD</namePart><namePart type="family">Mesecar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RB</namePart><namePart type="family">van Breemen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Luo Y, Eggler AL, Liu D, Liu G, Mesecar AD, van Breemen RB. Sites of alkylation of human Keap1 by natural chemoprevention agents. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2007;18:2226–2232.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2226</start><end>2232</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Am Soc Mass Spectrom</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2226</start><end>2232</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0261"><titleInfo><title>Covalent modification at Cys151 dissociates the electrophile sensor Keap1 from the ubiquitin ligase CUL3</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Rachakonda</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Xiong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KR</namePart><namePart type="family">Sekhar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SL</namePart><namePart type="family">Stamer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DC</namePart><namePart type="family">Liebler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ML</namePart><namePart type="family">Freeman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Rachakonda G, Xiong Y, Sekhar KR, Stamer SL, Liebler DC, Freeman ML. Covalent modification at Cys151 dissociates the electrophile sensor Keap1 from the ubiquitin ligase CUL3. Chem Res Toxicol 2008;21:705–710.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>705</start><end>710</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>705</start><end>710</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0262"><titleInfo><title>Protection against electrophile and oxidant stress by induction of the phase 2 response: Fate of cysteines of the Keap1 sensor modified by inducers</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Wakabayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AT</namePart><namePart type="family">Dinkova‐Kostova</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WD</namePart><namePart type="family">Holtzclaw</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MI</namePart><namePart type="family">Kang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Kobayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TW</namePart><namePart type="family">Kensler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Talalay</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Wakabayashi N, Dinkova‐Kostova AT, Holtzclaw WD, Kang MI, Kobayashi A, Yamamoto M, Kensler TW, Talalay P. Protection against electrophile and oxidant stress by induction of the phase 2 response: Fate of cysteines of the Keap1 sensor modified by inducers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101:2040–2045.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>101</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2040</start><end>2045</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>101</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2040</start><end>2045</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0263"><titleInfo><title>Phosphorylation of Nrf2 at Ser40 by protein kinase C in response to antioxidants leads to the release of Nrf2 from INrf2, but is not required for Nrf2 stabilization/accumulation in the nucleus and transcriptional activation of antioxidant response element‐mediated NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase‐1 gene expression</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Bloom</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AK</namePart><namePart type="family">Jaiswal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Bloom DA, Jaiswal AK. Phosphorylation of Nrf2 at Ser40 by protein kinase C in response to antioxidants leads to the release of Nrf2 from INrf2, but is not required for Nrf2 stabilization/accumulation in the nucleus and transcriptional activation of antioxidant response element‐mediated NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase‐1 gene expression. J Biol Chem 2003;278:44675–44682.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>44675</start><end>44682</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>44675</start><end>44682</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0264"><titleInfo><title>Activation of the antioxidant response element in primary cortical neuronal cultures derived from transgenic reporter mice</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GK</namePart><namePart type="family">Andrews</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart><namePart type="family">Xu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Johnson DA, Andrews GK, Xu W, Johnson JA. Activation of the antioxidant response element in primary cortical neuronal cultures derived from transgenic reporter mice. J Neurochem 2002;81:1233–1241.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>81</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1233</start><end>1241</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Neurochem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>81</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1233</start><end>1241</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0265"><titleInfo><title>Pro‐oxidant activity of flavonoids induces EpRE‐mediated gene expression</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YY</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee‐Hilz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AM</namePart><namePart type="family">Boerboom</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AH</namePart><namePart type="family">Westphal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Berkel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Aarts</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">IM</namePart><namePart type="family">Rietjens</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Lee‐Hilz YY, Boerboom AM, Westphal AH, Berkel WJ, Aarts JM, Rietjens IM. Pro‐oxidant activity of flavonoids induces EpRE‐mediated gene expression. Chem Res Toxicol 2006;19:1499–1505.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1499</start><end>1505</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1499</start><end>1505</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0266"><titleInfo><title>Transcriptional regulation of the antioxidant response element. Activation by Nrf2 and repression by MafK</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Nguyen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HC</namePart><namePart type="family">Huang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CB</namePart><namePart type="family">Pickett</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Nguyen T, Huang HC, Pickett CB. Transcriptional regulation of the antioxidant response element. Activation by Nrf2 and repression by MafK. J Biol Chem 2000;275:15466–15473.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>275</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>15466</start><end>15473</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>275</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>15466</start><end>15473</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0267"><titleInfo><title>Atypical protein kinase C mediates activation of NF‐E2‐related factor 2 in response to oxidative stress</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Numazawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Ishikawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Yoshida</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Tanaka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Yoshida</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Numazawa S, Ishikawa M, Yoshida A, Tanaka S, Yoshida T. Atypical protein kinase C mediates activation of NF‐E2‐related factor 2 in response to oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003;285:C334–342.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>285</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>C334</start><end>342</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Am J Physiol Cell Physiol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>285</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>C334</start><end>342</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0268"><titleInfo><title>Phosphorylation of Nrf2 at Ser‐40 by protein kinase C regulates antioxidant response element‐mediated transcription</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HC</namePart><namePart type="family">Huang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Nguyen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CB</namePart><namePart type="family">Pickett</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Huang HC, Nguyen T, Pickett CB. Phosphorylation of Nrf2 at Ser‐40 by protein kinase C regulates antioxidant response element‐mediated transcription. J Biol Chem 2002;277:42769–42774.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>277</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>42769</start><end>42774</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>277</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>42769</start><end>42774</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0269"><titleInfo><title>Hyperoxia stimulates an Nrf2‐ARE transcriptional response via ROS‐EGFR‐PI3K‐Akt/ERK MAP kinase signaling in pulmonary epithelial cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Papaiahgari</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Q</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kleeberger</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HY</namePart><namePart type="family">Cho</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SP</namePart><namePart type="family">Reddy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Papaiahgari S, Zhang Q, Kleeberger SR, Cho HY, Reddy SP. Hyperoxia stimulates an Nrf2‐ARE transcriptional response via ROS‐EGFR‐PI3K‐Akt/ERK MAP kinase signaling in pulmonary epithelial cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2006;8:43–52.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>43</start><end>52</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Antioxid Redox Signal</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>43</start><end>52</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0270"><titleInfo><title>Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase regulates nuclear translocation of NF‐E2‐related factor 2 through actin rearrangement in response to oxidative stress</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KW</namePart><namePart type="family">Kang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JW</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SG</namePart><namePart type="family">Kim</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kang KW, Lee SJ, Park JW, Kim SG. Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase regulates nuclear translocation of NF‐E2‐related factor 2 through actin rearrangement in response to oxidative stress. Mol Pharmacol 2002;62:1001–1010.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>62</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1001</start><end>1010</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>62</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1001</start><end>1010</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0271"><titleInfo><title>Involvement of Nrf2 and JNK1 in the activation of antioxidant responsive element (ARE) by chemopreventive agent phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC)</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YS</namePart><namePart type="family">Keum</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ED</namePart><namePart type="family">Owuor</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kim</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Hu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AN</namePart><namePart type="family">Kong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Keum YS, Owuor ED, Kim BR, Hu R, Kong AN. Involvement of Nrf2 and JNK1 in the activation of antioxidant responsive element (ARE) by chemopreventive agent phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). Pharm Res 2003;20:1351–1356.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1351</start><end>1356</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Pharm Res</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1351</start><end>1356</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0272"><titleInfo><title>Glycogen synthase kinase‐3beta inhibits the xenobiotic and antioxidant cell response by direct phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of the transcription factor Nrf2</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Salazar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AI</namePart><namePart type="family">Rojo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Velasco</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RM</namePart><namePart type="family">de Sagarra</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Cuadrado</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Salazar M, Rojo AI, Velasco D, de Sagarra RM, Cuadrado A. Glycogen synthase kinase‐3beta inhibits the xenobiotic and antioxidant cell response by direct phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of the transcription factor Nrf2. J Biol Chem 2006;281:14841–14851.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>281</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>14841</start><end>14851</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>281</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>14841</start><end>14851</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0273"><titleInfo><title>Nrf2 is a direct PERK substrate and effector of PERK‐dependent cell survival</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SB</namePart><namePart type="family">Cullinan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Hannink</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Arvisais</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Kaufman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Diehl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Cullinan SB, Zhang D, Hannink M, Arvisais E, Kaufman RJ, Diehl JA. Nrf2 is a direct PERK substrate and effector of PERK‐dependent cell survival. Mol Cell Biol 2003;23:7198–7209.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>7198</start><end>7209</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>7198</start><end>7209</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0274"><titleInfo><title>Activation of hepatic Nrf2 in vivo by acetaminophen in CD‐1 mice</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CE</namePart><namePart type="family">Goldring</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Elsby</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LE</namePart><namePart type="family">Randle</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YN</namePart><namePart type="family">Clement</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">McMahon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Itoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Goldring CE, Kitteringham NR, Elsby R, Randle LE, Clement YN, Williams DP, McMahon M, Hayes JD, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Park BK. Activation of hepatic Nrf2 in vivo by acetaminophen in CD‐1 mice. Hepatology 2004;39:1267–1276.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>39</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1267</start><end>1276</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Hepatology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>39</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1267</start><end>1276</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0275"><titleInfo><title>Investigation of the effect of a panel of model hepatotoxins on the Nrf2‐Keap1 defence response pathway in CD‐1 mice</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LE</namePart><namePart type="family">Randle</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CE</namePart><namePart type="family">Goldring</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CA</namePart><namePart type="family">Benson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PN</namePart><namePart type="family">Metcalfe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Randle LE, Goldring CE, Benson CA, Metcalfe PN, Kitteringham NR, Park BK, Williams DP. Investigation of the effect of a panel of model hepatotoxins on the Nrf2‐Keap1 defence response pathway in CD‐1 mice. Toxicology 2008;243:249–260.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>243</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>249</start><end>260</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>243</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>249</start><end>260</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0276"><titleInfo><title>Endoplasmic reticulum association and N‐linked glycosylation of the human Nrf3 transcription factor</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z</namePart><namePart type="family">Nouhi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Chevillard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Derjuga</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Blank</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Nouhi Z, Chevillard G, Derjuga A, Blank V. Endoplasmic reticulum association and N‐linked glycosylation of the human Nrf3 transcription factor. FEBS Lett 2007;581:5401–5406.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>581</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5401</start><end>5406</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>FEBS Lett</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>581</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5401</start><end>5406</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0277"><titleInfo><title>Crucial role of nrf3 in smooth muscle cell differentiation from stem cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Pepe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Q</namePart><namePart type="family">Xiao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Zampetaki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Kobayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Hu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Q</namePart><namePart type="family">Xu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Pepe AE, Xiao Q, Zampetaki A, Zhang Z, Kobayashi A, Hu Y, Xu Q. Crucial role of nrf3 in smooth muscle cell differentiation from stem cells. Circ Res 2010;106:870–879.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>106</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>870</start><end>879</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Circ Res</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>106</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>870</start><end>879</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0278"><titleInfo><title>Complexity of CNC transcription factors as revealed by gene targeting of the Nrf3 locus</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Derjuga</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TS</namePart><namePart type="family">Gourley</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TM</namePart><namePart type="family">Holm</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HH</namePart><namePart type="family">Heng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RA</namePart><namePart type="family">Shivdasani</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Ahmed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NC</namePart><namePart type="family">Andrews</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Blank</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Derjuga A, Gourley TS, Holm TM, Heng HH, Shivdasani RA, Ahmed R, Andrews NC, Blank V. Complexity of CNC transcription factors as revealed by gene targeting of the Nrf3 locus. Mol Cell Biol 2004;24:3286–3294.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3286</start><end>3294</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3286</start><end>3294</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0279"><titleInfo><title>Unique function of the Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway in the inducible expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Kobayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Ohta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kobayashi A, Ohta T, Yamamoto M. Unique function of the Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway in the inducible expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. Methods Enzymol 2004;378:273–286.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>378</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>273</start><end>286</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Methods Enzymol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>378</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>273</start><end>286</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0280"><titleInfo><title>Nrf3 negatively regulates antioxidant‐response element‐mediated expression and antioxidant induction of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 gene</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Sankaranarayanan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AK</namePart><namePart type="family">Jaiswal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Sankaranarayanan K, Jaiswal AK. Nrf3 negatively regulates antioxidant‐response element‐mediated expression and antioxidant induction of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 gene. J Biol Chem 2004;279:50810–50817.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>279</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>50810</start><end>50817</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>279</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>50810</start><end>50817</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0281"><titleInfo><title>Signal transduction through NF‐kappa B</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">May</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Ghosh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">May MJ, Ghosh S. Signal transduction through NF‐kappa B. Immunol Today 1998;19:80–88.</note><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>80</start><end>88</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Immunol Today</title></titleInfo><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>80</start><end>88</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0282"><titleInfo><title>Structure of an IkappaBalpha/NF‐kappaB complex</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MD</namePart><namePart type="family">Jacobs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SC</namePart><namePart type="family">Harrison</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Jacobs MD, Harrison SC. Structure of an IkappaBalpha/NF‐kappaB complex. Cell 1998;95:749–758.</note><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>95</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>749</start><end>758</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Cell</title></titleInfo><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>95</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>749</start><end>758</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0283"><titleInfo><title>A nuclear export signal in the N‐terminal regulatory domain of IkappaBalpha controls cytoplasmic localization of inactive NF‐kappaB/IkappaBalpha complexes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TT</namePart><namePart type="family">Huang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Kudo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yoshida</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Miyamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Huang TT, Kudo N, Yoshida M, Miyamoto S. A nuclear export signal in the N‐terminal regulatory domain of IkappaBalpha controls cytoplasmic localization of inactive NF‐kappaB/IkappaBalpha complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:1014–1019.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>97</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1014</start><end>1019</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>97</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1014</start><end>1019</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0284"><titleInfo><title>An N‐terminal nuclear export signal is required for the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of IkappaBalpha</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Van Antwerp</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Hope</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Johnson C, Van Antwerp D, Hope TJ. An N‐terminal nuclear export signal is required for the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of IkappaBalpha. EMBO J 1999;18:6682–6693.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6682</start><end>6693</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>EMBO J</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6682</start><end>6693</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0285"><titleInfo><title>Coupling of a signal response domain in I kappa B alpha to multiple pathways for NF‐kappa B activation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Brockman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DC</namePart><namePart type="family">Scherer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TA</namePart><namePart type="family">McKinsey</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SM</namePart><namePart type="family">Hall</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart><namePart type="family">Qi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WY</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DW</namePart><namePart type="family">Ballard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Brockman JA, Scherer DC, McKinsey TA, Hall SM, Qi X, Lee WY, Ballard DW. Coupling of a signal response domain in I kappa B alpha to multiple pathways for NF‐kappa B activation. Mol Cell Biol 1995;15:2809–2818.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2809</start><end>2818</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2809</start><end>2818</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0286"><titleInfo><title>Control of I kappa B‐alpha proteolysis by site‐specific, signal‐induced phosphorylation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Brown</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Gerstberger</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Carlson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Franzoso</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U</namePart><namePart type="family">Siebenlist</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Brown K, Gerstberger S, Carlson L, Franzoso G, Siebenlist U. Control of I kappa B‐alpha proteolysis by site‐specific, signal‐induced phosphorylation. Science 1995;267:1485–1488.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>267</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1485</start><end>1488</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Science</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>267</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1485</start><end>1488</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0287"><titleInfo><title>Regulatory functions of ubiquitination in the immune system</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Ben‐Neriah</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ben‐Neriah Y. Regulatory functions of ubiquitination in the immune system. Nat Immunol 2002;3:20–26.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>20</start><end>26</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Nat Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>20</start><end>26</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0288"><titleInfo><title>Signal‐induced degradation of I kappa B alpha requires site‐specific ubiquitination</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DC</namePart><namePart type="family">Scherer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Brockman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Maniatis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DW</namePart><namePart type="family">Ballard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Scherer DC, Brockman JA, Chen Z, Maniatis T, Ballard DW. Signal‐induced degradation of I kappa B alpha requires site‐specific ubiquitination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:11259–11263.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>92</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>11259</start><end>11263</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>92</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>11259</start><end>11263</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0289"><titleInfo><title>Noxious compounds activate TRPA1 ion channels through covalent modification of cysteines</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Macpherson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Dubin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Evans</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Marr</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PG</namePart><namePart type="family">Schultz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BF</namePart><namePart type="family">Cravatt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Patapoutian</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Macpherson LJ, Dubin AE, Evans MJ, Marr F, Schultz PG, Cravatt BF, Patapoutian A. Noxious compounds activate TRPA1 ion channels through covalent modification of cysteines. Nature 2007;445:541–545.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>445</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>541</start><end>545</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Nature</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>445</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>541</start><end>545</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0290"><titleInfo><title>IkappaB kinase (IKK)‐associated protein 1, a common component of the heterogeneous IKK complex</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Mercurio</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BW</namePart><namePart type="family">Murray</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Shevchenko</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BL</namePart><namePart type="family">Bennett</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DB</namePart><namePart type="family">Young</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JW</namePart><namePart type="family">Li</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Pascual</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Motiwala</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Mann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AM</namePart><namePart type="family">Manning</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Mercurio F, Murray BW, Shevchenko A, Bennett BL, Young DB, Li JW, Pascual G, Motiwala A, Zhu H, Mann M, Manning AM. IkappaB kinase (IKK)‐associated protein 1, a common component of the heterogeneous IKK complex. Mol Cell Biol 1999;19:1526–1538.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1526</start><end>1538</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1526</start><end>1538</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0291"><titleInfo><title>IKK‐1 and IKK‐2: Cytokine‐activated IkappaB kinases essential for NF‐kappaB activation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Mercurio</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BW</namePart><namePart type="family">Murray</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Shevchenko</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BL</namePart><namePart type="family">Bennett</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Li</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DB</namePart><namePart type="family">Young</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Barbosa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Mann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Manning</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Rao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Mercurio F, Zhu H, Murray BW, Shevchenko A, Bennett BL, Li J, Young DB, Barbosa M, Mann M, Manning A, Rao A. IKK‐1 and IKK‐2: Cytokine‐activated IkappaB kinases essential for NF‐kappaB activation. Science 1997;278:860–866.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>860</start><end>866</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Science</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>860</start><end>866</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0292"><titleInfo><title>A cytokine‐responsive IkappaB kinase that activates the transcription factor NF‐kappaB</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">DiDonato</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayakawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DM</namePart><namePart type="family">Rothwarf</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Zandi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Karin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">DiDonato JA, Hayakawa M, Rothwarf DM, Zandi E, Karin M. A cytokine‐responsive IkappaB kinase that activates the transcription factor NF‐kappaB. Nature 1997;388:548–554.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>388</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>548</start><end>554</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Nature</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>388</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>548</start><end>554</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0293"><titleInfo><title>Regulation of DNA binding by Rel/NF‐kappaB transcription factors: Structural views</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FE</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Ghosh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Chen FE, Ghosh G. Regulation of DNA binding by Rel/NF‐kappaB transcription factors: Structural views. Oncogene 1999;18:6845–6852.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6845</start><end>6852</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Oncogene</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6845</start><end>6852</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0294"><titleInfo><title>Shaping the nuclear action of NF‐kappaB</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LF</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WC</namePart><namePart type="family">Greene</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Chen LF, Greene WC. Shaping the nuclear action of NF‐kappaB. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2004;5:392–401.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>5</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>392</start><end>401</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>5</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>392</start><end>401</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0295"><titleInfo><title>Thymoquinone attenuates proinflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide‐activated mast cells by modulating NF‐kappaB nuclear transactivation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MA</namePart><namePart type="family">Gazzar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">El Mezayen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MR</namePart><namePart type="family">Nicolls</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SC</namePart><namePart type="family">Dreskin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">El Gazzar MA, El Mezayen R, Nicolls MR, Dreskin SC. Thymoquinone attenuates proinflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide‐activated mast cells by modulating NF‐kappaB nuclear transactivation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007;1770:556–564.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>1770</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>556</start><end>564</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochim Biophys Acta</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>1770</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>556</start><end>564</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0296"><titleInfo><title>The phosphorylation status of nuclear NF‐kappa B determines its association with CBP/p300 or HDAC‐1</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">May</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Jimi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Ghosh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zhong H, May MJ, Jimi E, Ghosh S. The phosphorylation status of nuclear NF‐kappa B determines its association with CBP/p300 or HDAC‐1. Mol Cell 2002;9:625–636.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>625</start><end>636</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>625</start><end>636</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0297"><titleInfo><title>Tumor necrosis factor signaling</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Wajant</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Pfizenmaier</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Scheurich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Wajant H, Pfizenmaier K, Scheurich P. Tumor necrosis factor signaling. Cell Death Differ 2003;10:45–65.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>45</start><end>65</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Cell Death Differ</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>45</start><end>65</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0298"><titleInfo><title>Constitutively activated nuclear factor‐kappaB, but not induced NF‐kappaB, leads to TRAIL resistance by up‐regulation of X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in human cancer cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Braeuer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Buneker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Mohr</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RM</namePart><namePart type="family">Zwacka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Braeuer SJ, Buneker C, Mohr A, Zwacka RM. Constitutively activated nuclear factor‐kappaB, but not induced NF‐kappaB, leads to TRAIL resistance by up‐regulation of X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in human cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2006;4:715–728.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>715</start><end>728</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cancer Res</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>715</start><end>728</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0299"><titleInfo><title>X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein increases mitochondrial antioxidants through NF‐kappaB activation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Kairisalo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Korhonen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Blomgren</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Lindholm</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kairisalo M, Korhonen L, Blomgren K, Lindholm D. X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein increases mitochondrial antioxidants through NF‐kappaB activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007;364:138–144.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>364</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>138</start><end>144</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem Biophys Res Commun</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>364</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>138</start><end>144</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0300"><titleInfo><title>Nuclear factor (NF)‐kappaB‐regulated X‐chromosome‐linked iap gene expression protects endothelial cells from tumor necrosis factor alpha‐induced apoptosis</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Stehlik</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">de Martin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Kumabashiri</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Schmid</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BR</namePart><namePart type="family">Binder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipp</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Stehlik C, de Martin R, Kumabashiri I, Schmid JA, Binder BR, Lipp J. Nuclear factor (NF)‐kappaB‐regulated X‐chromosome‐linked iap gene expression protects endothelial cells from tumor necrosis factor alpha‐induced apoptosis. J Exp Med 1998;188:211–216.</note><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>188</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>211</start><end>216</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Exp Med</title></titleInfo><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>188</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>211</start><end>216</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0301"><titleInfo><title>Suppression of tumor necrosis factor‐induced cell death by inhibitor of apoptosis c‐IAP2 is under NF‐kappaB control</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ZL</namePart><namePart type="family">Chu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TA</namePart><namePart type="family">McKinsey</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Liu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Gentry</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MH</namePart><namePart type="family">Malim</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DW</namePart><namePart type="family">Ballard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Chu ZL, McKinsey TA, Liu L, Gentry JJ, Malim MH, Ballard DW. Suppression of tumor necrosis factor‐induced cell death by inhibitor of apoptosis c‐IAP2 is under NF‐kappaB control. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:10057–10062.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>94</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>10057</start><end>10062</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>94</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>10057</start><end>10062</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0302"><titleInfo><title>NF‐kappaB antiapoptosis: Induction of TRAF1 and TRAF2 and c‐IAP1 and c‐IAP2 to suppress caspase‐8 activation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CY</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MW</namePart><namePart type="family">Mayo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RG</namePart><namePart type="family">Korneluk</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DV</namePart><namePart type="family">Goeddel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS</namePart><namePart type="family">Baldwin Jr</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Wang CY, Mayo MW, Korneluk RG, Goeddel DV, Baldwin AS, Jr. NF‐kappaB antiapoptosis: Induction of TRAF1 and TRAF2 and c‐IAP1 and c‐IAP2 to suppress caspase‐8 activation. Science 1998;281:1680–1683.</note><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>281</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1680</start><end>1683</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Science</title></titleInfo><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>281</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1680</start><end>1683</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0303"><titleInfo><title>NF‐kappaB inducers upregulate cFLIP, a cycloheximide‐sensitive inhibitor of death receptor signaling</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Kreuz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Siegmund</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Scheurich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Wajant</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kreuz S, Siegmund D, Scheurich P, Wajant H. NF‐kappaB inducers upregulate cFLIP, a cycloheximide‐sensitive inhibitor of death receptor signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2001;21:3964–3973.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3964</start><end>3973</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3964</start><end>3973</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0304"><titleInfo><title>NF‐kappaB signals induce the expression of c‐FLIP</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O</namePart><namePart type="family">Micheau</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Lens</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O</namePart><namePart type="family">Gaide</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Alevizopoulos</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Tschopp</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Micheau O, Lens S, Gaide O, Alevizopoulos K, Tschopp J. NF‐kappaB signals induce the expression of c‐FLIP. Mol Cell Biol 2001;21:5299–5305.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5299</start><end>5305</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5299</start><end>5305</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0305"><titleInfo><title>The prosurvival Bcl‐2 homolog Bfl‐1/A1 is a direct transcriptional target of NF‐kappaB that blocks TNFalpha‐induced apoptosis</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WX</namePart><namePart type="family">Zong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LC</namePart><namePart type="family">Edelstein</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Bash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Gelinas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zong WX, Edelstein LC, Chen C, Bash J, Gelinas C. The prosurvival Bcl‐2 homolog Bfl‐1/A1 is a direct transcriptional target of NF‐kappaB that blocks TNFalpha‐induced apoptosis. Genes Dev 1999;13:382–387.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>382</start><end>387</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Genes Dev</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>382</start><end>387</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0306"><titleInfo><title>NF kappa B controls the balance between Fas and tumor necrosis factor cell death pathways during T cell receptor‐induced apoptosis via the expression of its target gene A20</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Malewicz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Zeller</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ZB</namePart><namePart type="family">Yilmaz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Weih</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Malewicz M, Zeller N, Yilmaz ZB, Weih F. NF kappa B controls the balance between Fas and tumor necrosis factor cell death pathways during T cell receptor‐induced apoptosis via the expression of its target gene A20. J Biol Chem 2003;278:32825–32833.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>32825</start><end>32833</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>32825</start><end>32833</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0307"><titleInfo><title>The Rel/NF‐kappaB family directly activates expression of the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl‐x(L)</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LC</namePart><namePart type="family">Edelstein</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Gelinas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Chen C, Edelstein LC, Gelinas C. The Rel/NF‐kappaB family directly activates expression of the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl‐x(L). Mol Cell Biol 2000;20:2687–2695.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2687</start><end>2695</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2687</start><end>2695</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0308"><titleInfo><title>To be, or not to be: NF‐kappaB is the answer – role of Rel/NF‐kappaB in the regulation of apoptosis</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Kucharczak</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Simmons</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Fan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Gelinas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kucharczak J, Simmons MJ, Fan Y, Gelinas C. To be, or not to be: NF‐kappaB is the answer – role of Rel/NF‐kappaB in the regulation of apoptosis. Oncogene 2003;22:8961–8982.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8961</start><end>8982</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Oncogene</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8961</start><end>8982</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0309"><titleInfo><title>Activators and target genes of Rel/NF‐kappaB transcription factors</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HL</namePart><namePart type="family">Pahl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Pahl HL. Activators and target genes of Rel/NF‐kappaB transcription factors. Oncogene 1999;18:6853–6866.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6853</start><end>6866</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Oncogene</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6853</start><end>6866</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0310"><titleInfo><title>NF‐kappaB‐dependent MnSOD expression protects adenocarcinoma cells from TNF‐alpha‐induced apoptosis</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Delhalle</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Deregowski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Benoit</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MP</namePart><namePart type="family">Merville</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Bours</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Delhalle S, Deregowski V, Benoit V, Merville MP, Bours V. NF‐kappaB‐dependent MnSOD expression protects adenocarcinoma cells from TNF‐alpha‐induced apoptosis. Oncogene 2002;21:3917–3924.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3917</start><end>3924</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Oncogene</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3917</start><end>3924</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0311"><titleInfo><title>NF‐kappaB activation prevents apoptotic oxidative stress via an increase of both thioredoxin and MnSOD levels in TNFalpha‐treated Ewing sarcoma cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Djavaheri‐Mergny</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Javelaud</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Wietzerbin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Besancon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Djavaheri‐Mergny M, Javelaud D, Wietzerbin J, Besancon F. NF‐kappaB activation prevents apoptotic oxidative stress via an increase of both thioredoxin and MnSOD levels in TNFalpha‐treated Ewing sarcoma cells. FEBS Lett 2004;578:111–115.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>578</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>111</start><end>115</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>FEBS Lett</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>578</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>111</start><end>115</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0312"><titleInfo><title>E2F1 and c‐Myc potentiate apoptosis through inhibition of NF‐kappaB activity that facilitates MnSOD‐mediated ROS elimination</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Tanaka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Matsumura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Ezoe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Satoh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Sakamaki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Albanese</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Machii</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RG</namePart><namePart type="family">Pestell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Kanakura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Tanaka H, Matsumura I, Ezoe S, Satoh Y, Sakamaki T, Albanese C, Machii T, Pestell RG, Kanakura Y. E2F1 and c‐Myc potentiate apoptosis through inhibition of NF‐kappaB activity that facilitates MnSOD‐mediated ROS elimination. Mol Cell 2002;9:1017–1029.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1017</start><end>1029</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1017</start><end>1029</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0313"><titleInfo><title>Ferritin heavy chain upregulation by NF‐kappaB inhibits TNFalpha‐induced apoptosis by suppressing reactive oxygen species</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CG</namePart><namePart type="family">Pham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Bubici</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Zazzeroni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Papa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Jones</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Alvarez</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Jayawardena</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">De Smaele</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Cong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Beaumont</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FM</namePart><namePart type="family">Torti</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SV</namePart><namePart type="family">Torti</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Franzoso</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Pham CG, Bubici C, Zazzeroni F, Papa S, Jones J, Alvarez K, Jayawardena S, De Smaele E, Cong R, Beaumont C, Torti FM, Torti SV, Franzoso G. Ferritin heavy chain upregulation by NF‐kappaB inhibits TNFalpha‐induced apoptosis by suppressing reactive oxygen species. Cell 2004;119:529–542.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>119</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>529</start><end>542</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Cell</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>119</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>529</start><end>542</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0314"><titleInfo><title>Induction of TNF receptor I‐mediated apoptosis via two sequential signaling complexes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O</namePart><namePart type="family">Micheau</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Tschopp</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Micheau O, Tschopp J. Induction of TNF receptor I‐mediated apoptosis via two sequential signaling complexes. Cell 2003;114:181–190.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>114</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>181</start><end>190</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Cell</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>114</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>181</start><end>190</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0315"><titleInfo><title>The two NF‐kappaB activation pathways and their role in innate and adaptive immunity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Bonizzi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Karin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Bonizzi G, Karin M. The two NF‐kappaB activation pathways and their role in innate and adaptive immunity. Trends Immunol 2004;25:280–288.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>280</start><end>288</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Trends Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>280</start><end>288</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0316"><titleInfo><title>Acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity is associated with early changes in NF‐kB and NF‐IL6 DNA binding activity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ME</namePart><namePart type="family">Blazka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DR</namePart><namePart type="family">Germolec</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Simeonova</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Bruccoleri</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KR</namePart><namePart type="family">Pennypacker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MI</namePart><namePart type="family">Luster</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Blazka ME, Germolec DR, Simeonova P, Bruccoleri A, Pennypacker KR, Luster MI. Acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity is associated with early changes in NF‐kB and NF‐IL6 DNA binding activity. J Inflamm 1995;47:138–150.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>47</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>138</start><end>150</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Inflamm</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>47</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>138</start><end>150</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0317"><titleInfo><title>Modulation of serum growth factor signal transduction in Hepa 1–6 cells by acetaminophen: An inhibition of c‐myc expression, NF‐kappaB activation, and Raf‐1 kinase activity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HA</namePart><namePart type="family">Boulares</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Giardina</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CL</namePart><namePart type="family">Navarro</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EA</namePart><namePart type="family">Khairallah</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SD</namePart><namePart type="family">Cohen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Boulares HA, Giardina C, Navarro CL, Khairallah EA, Cohen SD. Modulation of serum growth factor signal transduction in Hepa 1–6 cells by acetaminophen: An inhibition of c‐myc expression, NF‐kappaB activation, and Raf‐1 kinase activity. Toxicol Sci 1999;48:264–274.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>48</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>264</start><end>274</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicol Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>48</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>264</start><end>274</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0318"><titleInfo><title>Mechanisms for sensitization to TNF‐induced apoptosis by acute glutathione depletion in murine hepatocytes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Matsumaru</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Ji</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Kaplowitz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Matsumaru K, Ji C, Kaplowitz N. Mechanisms for sensitization to TNF‐induced apoptosis by acute glutathione depletion in murine hepatocytes. Hepatology 2003;37:1425–1434.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>37</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1425</start><end>1434</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Hepatology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>37</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1425</start><end>1434</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0319"><titleInfo><title>Reduced acetaminophen‐induced liver injury in mice by genetic disruption of IL‐1 receptor antagonist</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Ishibe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Kimura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Ishida</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Takayasu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayashi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Tsuneyama</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Matsushima</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Sakata</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Mukaida</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Kondo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ishibe T, Kimura A, Ishida Y, Takayasu T, Hayashi T, Tsuneyama K, Matsushima K, Sakata I, Mukaida N, Kondo T. Reduced acetaminophen‐induced liver injury in mice by genetic disruption of IL‐1 receptor antagonist. Lab Invest 2009;89:68–79.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>89</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>68</start><end>79</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Lab Invest</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>89</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>68</start><end>79</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0320"><titleInfo><title>Ah receptor and NF‐kappaB interactions, a potential mechanism for dioxin toxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Tian</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Ke</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MS</namePart><namePart type="family">Denison</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AB</namePart><namePart type="family">Rabson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MA</namePart><namePart type="family">Gallo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Tian Y, Ke S, Denison MS, Rabson AB, Gallo MA. Ah receptor and NF‐kappaB interactions, a potential mechanism for dioxin toxicity. J Biol Chem 1999;274:510–515.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>274</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>510</start><end>515</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>274</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>510</start><end>515</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0321"><titleInfo><title>Mechanism of suppression of cytochrome P‐450 1A1 expression by tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and lipopolysaccharide</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Ke</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AB</namePart><namePart type="family">Rabson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JF</namePart><namePart type="family">Germino</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MA</namePart><namePart type="family">Gallo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Tian</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ke S, Rabson AB, Germino JF, Gallo MA, Tian Y. Mechanism of suppression of cytochrome P‐450 1A1 expression by tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and lipopolysaccharide. J Biol Chem 2001;276:39638–39644.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>276</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>39638</start><end>39644</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>276</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>39638</start><end>39644</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0322"><titleInfo><title>Rapid transcriptional suppression of rat cytochrome P450 genes by endotoxin treatment and its inhibition by curcumin</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PY</namePart><namePart type="family">Cheng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ET</namePart><namePart type="family">Morgan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Cheng PY, Wang M, Morgan ET. Rapid transcriptional suppression of rat cytochrome P450 genes by endotoxin treatment and its inhibition by curcumin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003;307:1205–1212.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>307</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1205</start><end>1212</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>307</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1205</start><end>1212</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0323"><titleInfo><title>Endotoxemia in rats is associated with induction of the P4504A subfamily and suppression of several other forms of cytochrome P450</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MB</namePart><namePart type="family">Sewer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DR</namePart><namePart type="family">Koop</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ET</namePart><namePart type="family">Morgan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Sewer MB, Koop DR, Morgan ET. Endotoxemia in rats is associated with induction of the P4504A subfamily and suppression of several other forms of cytochrome P450. Drug Metab Dispos 1996;24:401–407.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>401</start><end>407</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>401</start><end>407</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0324"><titleInfo><title>Role of NF‐kappaB in regulation of PXR‐mediated gene expression: A mechanism for the suppression of cytochrome P‐450 3A4 by proinflammatory agents</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart><namePart type="family">Gu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Ke</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Liu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Sheng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PE</namePart><namePart type="family">Thomas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AB</namePart><namePart type="family">Rabson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MA</namePart><namePart type="family">Gallo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart><namePart type="family">Xie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Tian</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Gu X, Ke S, Liu D, Sheng T, Thomas PE, Rabson AB, Gallo MA, Xie W, Tian Y. Role of NF‐kappaB in regulation of PXR‐mediated gene expression: A mechanism for the suppression of cytochrome P‐450 3A4 by proinflammatory agents. J Biol Chem 2006;281:17882–17889.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>281</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>17882</start><end>17889</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>281</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>17882</start><end>17889</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0325"><titleInfo><title>Mutual repression between steroid and xenobiotic receptor and NF‐kappaB signaling pathways links xenobiotic metabolism and inflammation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MM</namePart><namePart type="family">Tabb</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EL</namePart><namePart type="family">Nelson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Grun</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Verma</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Sadatrafiei</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Lin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Mallick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BM</namePart><namePart type="family">Forman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KE</namePart><namePart type="family">Thummel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Blumberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zhou C, Tabb MM, Nelson EL, Grun F, Verma S, Sadatrafiei A, Lin M, Mallick S, Forman BM, Thummel KE, Blumberg B. Mutual repression between steroid and xenobiotic receptor and NF‐kappaB signaling pathways links xenobiotic metabolism and inflammation. J Clin Invest 2006;116:2280–2289.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>116</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2280</start><end>2289</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Clin Invest</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>116</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2280</start><end>2289</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0326"><titleInfo><title>The regulation of AP‐1 activity by mitogen‐activated protein kinases</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Karin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Karin M. The regulation of AP‐1 activity by mitogen‐activated protein kinases. J Biol Chem 1995;270:16483–16486.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>270</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>16483</start><end>16486</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>270</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>16483</start><end>16486</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0327"><titleInfo><title>Transcriptional regulation by Fos and Jun in vitro: Interaction among multiple activator and regulatory domains</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Abate</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Luk</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Curran</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Abate C, Luk D, Curran T. Transcriptional regulation by Fos and Jun in vitro: Interaction among multiple activator and regulatory domains. Mol Cell Biol 1991;11:3624–3632.</note><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3624</start><end>3632</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3624</start><end>3632</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0328"><titleInfo><title>AP‐1 subunits: Quarrel and harmony among siblings</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Hess</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Angel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Schorpp‐Kistner</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Hess J, Angel P, Schorpp‐Kistner M. AP‐1 subunits: Quarrel and harmony among siblings. J Cell Sci 2004;117:5965–5973.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>117</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5965</start><end>5973</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Cell Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>117</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5965</start><end>5973</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0329"><titleInfo><title>Role of p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 in acetaminophen‐induced antioxidant defense</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Chiu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CR</namePart><namePart type="family">Gardner</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DM</namePart><namePart type="family">Dambach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Brittingham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SK</namePart><namePart type="family">Durham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Laskin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DL</namePart><namePart type="family">Laskin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Chiu H, Gardner CR, Dambach DM, Brittingham JA, Durham SK, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Role of p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 in acetaminophen‐induced antioxidant defense. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2003;285:G959–G966.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>285</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>G959</start><end>G966</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>285</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>G959</start><end>G966</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0330"><titleInfo><title>Hepatocellular response to chemical stress in CD‐1 mice: Induction of early genes and gamma‐glutamylcysteine synthetase</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Powell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YN</namePart><namePart type="family">Clement</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CC</namePart><namePart type="family">Dodd</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JN</namePart><namePart type="family">Tettey</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LI</namePart><namePart type="family">McLellan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Kevin Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kitteringham NR, Powell H, Clement YN, Dodd CC, Tettey JN, Pirmohamed M, Smith DA, McLellan LI, Kevin Park B. Hepatocellular response to chemical stress in CD‐1 mice: Induction of early genes and gamma‐glutamylcysteine synthetase. Hepatology 2000;32:321–333.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>32</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>321</start><end>333</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Hepatology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>32</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>321</start><end>333</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0331"><titleInfo><title>Examining the function and regulation of hsp 70 in cells subjected to metabolic stress</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RP</namePart><namePart type="family">Beckmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Lovett</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Welch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Beckmann RP, Lovett M, Welch WJ. Examining the function and regulation of hsp 70 in cells subjected to metabolic stress. J Cell Biol 1992;117:1137–1150.</note><part><date>1992</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>117</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1137</start><end>1150</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Cell Biol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1992</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>117</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1137</start><end>1150</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0332"><titleInfo><title>Biological and clinical implications of heat shock protein 27,000 (Hsp27): A review</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DR</namePart><namePart type="family">Ciocca</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Oesterreich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GC</namePart><namePart type="family">Chamness</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WL</namePart><namePart type="family">McGuire</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SA</namePart><namePart type="family">Fuqua</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ciocca DR, Oesterreich S, Chamness GC, McGuire WL, Fuqua SA. Biological and clinical implications of heat shock protein 27,000 (Hsp27): A review. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1558–1570.</note><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>85</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1558</start><end>1570</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Natl Cancer Inst</title></titleInfo><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>85</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1558</start><end>1570</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0333"><titleInfo><title>The heat‐shock response</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Lindquist</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Lindquist S. The heat‐shock response. Annu Rev Biochem 1986;55:1151–1191.</note><part><date>1986</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>55</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1151</start><end>1191</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Annu Rev Biochem</title></titleInfo><part><date>1986</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>55</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1151</start><end>1191</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0334"><titleInfo><title>Inhibiting the transcription factor HSF1 as an anticancer strategy</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Whitesell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Lindquist</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Whitesell L, Lindquist S. Inhibiting the transcription factor HSF1 as an anticancer strategy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009;13:469–478.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>469</start><end>478</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Expert Opin Ther Targets</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>469</start><end>478</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0335"><titleInfo><title>Roles of the heat shock transcription factors in regulation of the heat shock response and beyond</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirkkala</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Nykanen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Sistonen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Pirkkala L, Nykanen P, Sistonen L. Roles of the heat shock transcription factors in regulation of the heat shock response and beyond. FASEB J 2001;15:1118–1131.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1118</start><end>1131</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>FASEB J</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1118</start><end>1131</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0336"><titleInfo><title>Induction of hsp 70 in HepG2 cells in response to hepatotoxicants</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WF</namePart><namePart type="family">Salminen Jr.</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Voellmy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SM</namePart><namePart type="family">Roberts</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Salminen WF, Jr., Voellmy R, Roberts SM. Induction of hsp 70 in HepG2 cells in response to hepatotoxicants. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1996;141:117–123.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>141</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>117</start><end>123</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicol Appl Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>141</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>117</start><end>123</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0337"><titleInfo><title>Glutathione depletion induces heme oxygenase‐1 (HSP32) mRNA and protein in rat brain</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JF</namePart><namePart type="family">Ewing</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MD</namePart><namePart type="family">Maines</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ewing JF, Maines MD. Glutathione depletion induces heme oxygenase‐1 (HSP32) mRNA and protein in rat brain. J Neurochem 1993;60:1512–1519.</note><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>60</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1512</start><end>1519</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Neurochem</title></titleInfo><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>60</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1512</start><end>1519</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0338"><titleInfo><title>NO‐mediated activation of heme oxygenase: Endogenous cytoprotection against oxidative stress to endothelium</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Motterlini</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Foresti</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Intaglietta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RM</namePart><namePart type="family">Winslow</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Motterlini R, Foresti R, Intaglietta M, Winslow RM. NO‐mediated activation of heme oxygenase: Endogenous cytoprotection against oxidative stress to endothelium. Am J Physiol 1996;270:H107–H114.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>270</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>H107</start><end>H114</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Am J Physiol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>270</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>H107</start><end>H114</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0339"><titleInfo><title>Differential heat shock protein induction by acetaminophen and a nonhepatotoxic regioisomer, 3’‐hydroxyacetanilide, in mouse liver</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WF</namePart><namePart type="family">Salminen Jr.</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Voellmy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SM</namePart><namePart type="family">Roberts</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Salminen WF, Jr., Voellmy R, Roberts SM. Differential heat shock protein induction by acetaminophen and a nonhepatotoxic regioisomer, 3’‐hydroxyacetanilide, in mouse liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;282:1533–1540.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>282</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1533</start><end>1540</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>282</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1533</start><end>1540</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0340"><titleInfo><title>Potential roles of hepatic heat shock protein 25 and 70i in protection of mice against acetaminophen‐induced liver injury</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Sumioka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Matsura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Kai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamada</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Sumioka I, Matsura T, Kai M, Yamada K. Potential roles of hepatic heat shock protein 25 and 70i in protection of mice against acetaminophen‐induced liver injury. Life Sci 2004;74:2551–2561.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>74</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2551</start><end>2561</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Life Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>74</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2551</start><end>2561</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0341"><titleInfo><title>Protection against hepatotoxicity by a single dose of amphetamine: The potential role of heat shock protein induction</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WF</namePart><namePart type="family">Salminen Jr.</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Voellmy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SM</namePart><namePart type="family">Roberts</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Salminen WF, Jr., Voellmy R, Roberts SM. Protection against hepatotoxicity by a single dose of amphetamine: The potential role of heat shock protein induction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997;147:247–258.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>147</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>247</start><end>258</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicol Appl Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>147</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>247</start><end>258</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0342"><titleInfo><title>Role of small heat shock protein HSP25 in radioresistance and glutathione‐redox cycle</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SH</namePart><namePart type="family">Baek</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JN</namePart><namePart type="family">Min</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EM</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MY</namePart><namePart type="family">Han</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YS</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YM</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Baek SH, Min JN, Park EM, Han MY, Lee YS, Lee YJ, Park YM. Role of small heat shock protein HSP25 in radioresistance and glutathione‐redox cycle. J Cell Physiol 2000;183:100–107.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>183</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>100</start><end>107</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Cell Physiol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>183</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>100</start><end>107</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0343"><titleInfo><title>Increased hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in Hsp70i knockout mice</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JK</namePart><namePart type="family">Tolson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Dix</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RW</namePart><namePart type="family">Voellmy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SM</namePart><namePart type="family">Roberts</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Tolson JK, Dix DJ, Voellmy RW, Roberts SM. Increased hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in Hsp70i knockout mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006;210:157–162.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>210</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>157</start><end>162</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicol Appl Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>210</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>157</start><end>162</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0344"><titleInfo><title>Drug‐induced hepatotoxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WM</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Lee WM. Drug‐induced hepatotoxicity. N Engl J Med 2003;349:474–485.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>349</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>474</start><end>485</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>N Engl J Med</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>349</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>474</start><end>485</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0345"><titleInfo><title>Induction of Mrp3 and Mrp4 transporters during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity is dependent on Nrf2</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LM</namePart><namePart type="family">Aleksunes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AL</namePart><namePart type="family">Slitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Maher</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LM</namePart><namePart type="family">Augustine</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Goedken</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JY</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Cherrington</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CD</namePart><namePart type="family">Klaassen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JE</namePart><namePart type="family">Manautou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Aleksunes LM, Slitt AL, Maher JM, Augustine LM, Goedken MJ, Chan JY, Cherrington NJ, Klaassen CD, Manautou JE. Induction of Mrp3 and Mrp4 transporters during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity is dependent on Nrf2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008;226:74–83.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>226</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>74</start><end>83</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicol Appl Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>226</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>74</start><end>83</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0346"><titleInfo><title>Oxidative and electrophilic stress induces multidrug resistance‐associated protein transporters via the nuclear factor‐E2‐related factor‐2 transcriptional pathway</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Maher</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MZ</namePart><namePart type="family">Dieter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LM</namePart><namePart type="family">Aleksunes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AL</namePart><namePart type="family">Slitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Guo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Tanaka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GL</namePart><namePart type="family">Scheffer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JY</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JE</namePart><namePart type="family">Manautou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TP</namePart><namePart type="family">Dalton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CD</namePart><namePart type="family">Klaassen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Maher JM, Dieter MZ, Aleksunes LM, Slitt AL, Guo G, Tanaka Y, Scheffer GL, Chan JY, Manautou JE, Chen Y, Dalton TP, Yamamoto M, Klaassen CD. Oxidative and electrophilic stress induces multidrug resistance‐associated protein transporters via the nuclear factor‐E2‐related factor‐2 transcriptional pathway. Hepatology 2007;46:1597–1610.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>46</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1597</start><end>1610</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Hepatology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>46</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1597</start><end>1610</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0347"><titleInfo><title>Altered disposition of acetaminophen in Nrf2‐null and Keap1‐knockdown mice</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SA</namePart><namePart type="family">Reisman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">IL</namePart><namePart type="family">Csanaky</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LM</namePart><namePart type="family">Aleksunes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CD</namePart><namePart type="family">Klaassen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Reisman SA, Csanaky IL, Aleksunes LM, Klaassen CD. Altered disposition of acetaminophen in Nrf2‐null and Keap1‐knockdown mice. Toxicol Sci 2009;109:31–40.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>109</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>31</start><end>40</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicol Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>109</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>31</start><end>40</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0348"><titleInfo><title>Metabolic basis of adverse drug reactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Park BK. Metabolic basis of adverse drug reactions. J R Coll Phys Lond 1986;20:195–200.</note><part><date>1986</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>195</start><end>200</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J R Coll Phys Lond</title></titleInfo><part><date>1986</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>195</start><end>200</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0349"><titleInfo><title>Genetically determined polymorphisms in drug oxidation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Jacqz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hall</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RA</namePart><namePart type="family">Branch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Jacqz E, Hall SD, Branch RA. Genetically determined polymorphisms in drug oxidation. Hepatology 1986;6:1020–1032.</note><part><date>1986</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1020</start><end>1032</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Hepatology</title></titleInfo><part><date>1986</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1020</start><end>1032</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0350"><titleInfo><title>Drug‐protein conjugation and its immunological consequences</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Park BK, Kitteringham NR. Drug‐protein conjugation and its immunological consequences. Drug Metab Rev 1990;22:87–144.</note><part><date>1990</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>87</start><end>144</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Rev</title></titleInfo><part><date>1990</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>87</start><end>144</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0351"><titleInfo><title>International drug monitoring: The role of national centres</title></titleInfo><name type="corporate"><namePart>WHO</namePart></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">WHO. International drug monitoring: The role of national centres. Tech Rep 1972;498. Tech Rep Ser WHO. pp. 1–25.</note><part><date>1972</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>498</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>25</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Tech Rep</title></titleInfo><part><date>1972</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>498</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>25</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0352"><titleInfo><title>Delayed Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Pichler WJ. Delayed Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions. Ann Intern Med 2003;139:683–693.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>139</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>683</start><end>693</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Ann Intern Med</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>139</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>683</start><end>693</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0353"><titleInfo><title>Immune mechanism of drug hypersensitivity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Pichler WJ. Immune mechanism of drug hypersensitivity. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2004;24:373–397.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>373</start><end>397</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Immunol Allergy Clin North Am</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>373</start><end>397</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0354"><titleInfo><title>Studies on the sensitisation of animals with simple chemical compounds</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Landsteiner</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Jacobs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Landsteiner K, Jacobs J. Studies on the sensitisation of animals with simple chemical compounds. J Exp Med 1935;61:643–656.</note><part><date>1935</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>61</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>643</start><end>656</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Exp Med</title></titleInfo><part><date>1935</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>61</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>643</start><end>656</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0355"><titleInfo><title>Characterization of epitopes recognized by hapten‐specific CD4+ T cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Cavani</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Hackett</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JB</namePart><namePart type="family">Rothbard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SI</namePart><namePart type="family">Katz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Cavani A, Hackett CJ, Wilson KJ, Rothbard JB, Katz SI. Characterization of epitopes recognized by hapten‐specific CD4+ T cells. J Immunol 1995;154:1232–1238.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>154</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1232</start><end>1238</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>154</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1232</start><end>1238</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0356"><titleInfo><title>Drug‐protein conjugates – XI. Disposition and immunogenicity of dinitrofluorobenzene, a model compound for the investigation of drugs as haptens</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MD</namePart><namePart type="family">Tingle</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PS</namePart><namePart type="family">Grabowski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Park BK, Tingle MD, Grabowski PS. Drug‐protein conjugates – XI. Disposition and immunogenicity of dinitrofluorobenzene, a model compound for the investigation of drugs as haptens. Biochem Pharmacol 1987;36:591–599.</note><part><date>1987</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>36</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>591</start><end>599</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1987</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>36</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>591</start><end>599</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0357"><titleInfo><title>T cell immune responses to haptens. Structural models for allergic and autoimmune reactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HU</namePart><namePart type="family">Weltzien</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Moulon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Martin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Padovan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U</namePart><namePart type="family">Hartmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Kohler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Weltzien HU, Moulon C, Martin S, Padovan E, Hartmann U, Kohler J. T cell immune responses to haptens. Structural models for allergic and autoimmune reactions. Toxicology 1996;107:141–151.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>107</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>141</start><end>151</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicology</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>107</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>141</start><end>151</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0358"><titleInfo><title>Inhalation exposure of mice to trimellitic anhydride induces both IgG and IgE anti‐hapten antibody</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Dearman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Hegarty</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Kimber</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Dearman RJ, Hegarty JM, Kimber I. Inhalation exposure of mice to trimellitic anhydride induces both IgG and IgE anti‐hapten antibody. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1991;95:70–76.</note><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>95</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>70</start><end>76</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>95</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>70</start><end>76</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0359"><titleInfo><title>Characterization in mice of the immunological properties of five allergenic acid anhydrides</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Dearman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EV</namePart><namePart type="family">Warbrick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">IR</namePart><namePart type="family">Humphreys</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Kimber</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Dearman RJ, Warbrick EV, Humphreys IR, Kimber I. Characterization in mice of the immunological properties of five allergenic acid anhydrides. J Appl Toxicol 2000;20:221–230.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>221</start><end>230</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Appl Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>221</start><end>230</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0360"><titleInfo><title>Recognition of sulfamethoxazole and its reactive metabolites by drug‐ specific CD4+ T cells from allergic individuals</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Schnyder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Burkhart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Schnyder‐Frutig</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Von Greyerz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Schnyder B, Burkhart C, Schnyder‐Frutig K, Von Greyerz S, Naisbitt DJ, Pirmohamed M, Park BK, Pichler WJ. Recognition of sulfamethoxazole and its reactive metabolites by drug‐ specific CD4+ T cells from allergic individuals. J Immunol 2000;164:6647–6654.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>164</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6647</start><end>6654</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>164</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6647</start><end>6654</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0361"><titleInfo><title>Influence of reduced glutathione on the proliferative response of sulfamethoxazole‐specific and sulfamethoxazole‐metabolite‐specific human CD4 +T‐cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Burkhart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Von Greyerz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JPH</namePart><namePart type="family">Depta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Britschgi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KB</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Burkhart C, Von Greyerz S, Depta JPH, Naisbitt DJ, Britschgi M, Park KB, Pichler WJ. Influence of reduced glutathione on the proliferative response of sulfamethoxazole‐specific and sulfamethoxazole‐metabolite‐specific human CD4 +T‐cells. Br J Pharmacol 2001;132:623–630.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>132</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>623</start><end>630</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Br J Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>132</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>623</start><end>630</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0362"><titleInfo><title>HLA‐restricted, processing‐ and metabolism‐independent pathway of drug recognition by human αβ T lymphocytes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MP</namePart><namePart type="family">Zanni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Von Greyerz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Schnyder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KA</namePart><namePart type="family">Brander</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Frutig</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Hari</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Valitutti</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zanni MP, Von Greyerz S, Schnyder B, Brander KA, Frutig K, Hari Y, Valitutti S, Pichler WJ. HLA‐restricted, processing‐ and metabolism‐independent pathway of drug recognition by human αβ T lymphocytes. J Clin Invest 1998;102:1591–1598.</note><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>102</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1591</start><end>1598</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Clin Invest</title></titleInfo><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>102</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1591</start><end>1598</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0363"><titleInfo><title>Drug interaction with T‐cell receptors: T‐cell receptor density determines degree of cross‐reactivity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JPH</namePart><namePart type="family">Depta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Altznauer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Gamerdinger</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Burkhart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HU</namePart><namePart type="family">Weltzien</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Depta JPH, Altznauer F, Gamerdinger K, Burkhart C, Weltzien HU, Pichler WJ. Drug interaction with T‐cell receptors: T‐cell receptor density determines degree of cross‐reactivity. J Allergy Clin Immun 2004;113:519–527.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>113</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>519</start><end>527</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Allergy Clin Immun</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>113</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>519</start><end>527</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0364"><titleInfo><title>Hypersensitivity reactions to carbamazepine: Characterization of the specificity, phenotype, and cytokine profile of drug‐specific T cell clones</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Britschgi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Wong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JPH</namePart><namePart type="family">Depta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DW</namePart><namePart type="family">Chadwick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Naisbitt DJ, Britschgi M, Wong G, Farrell J, Depta JPH, Chadwick DW, Pichler WJ, Pirmohamed M, Park BK. Hypersensitivity reactions to carbamazepine: Characterization of the specificity, phenotype, and cytokine profile of drug‐specific T cell clones. Mol Pharmacol 2003;63:732–741.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>63</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>732</start><end>741</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>63</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>732</start><end>741</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0365"><titleInfo><title>Characterization of the T‐cell response in a patient with phenindione hypersensitivity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Chamberlain</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JE</namePart><namePart type="family">Hopkins</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NG</namePart><namePart type="family">Berry</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Naisbitt DJ, Farrell J, Chamberlain PJ, Hopkins JE, Berry NG, Pirmohamed M, Park BK. Characterization of the T‐cell response in a patient with phenindione hypersensitivity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005;313:1058–1065.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>313</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1058</start><end>1065</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>313</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1058</start><end>1065</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0366"><titleInfo><title>Direct, MHC‐dependent presentation of the drug sulfamethoxazole to human αβ T cell clones</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Schnyder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mauri‐Hellweg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Zanni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Bettens</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Schnyder B, Mauri‐Hellweg D, Zanni M, Bettens F, Pichler WJ. Direct, MHC‐dependent presentation of the drug sulfamethoxazole to human αβ T cell clones. J Clin Invest 1997;100:136–141.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>100</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>136</start><end>141</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Clin Invest</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>100</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>136</start><end>141</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0367"><titleInfo><title>Characterization of lidocaine‐specific T cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MP</namePart><namePart type="family">Zanni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mauri‐Hellweg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Brander</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Wendland</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Schnyder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Frei</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Von Greyerz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Bircher</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zanni MP, Mauri‐Hellweg D, Brander C, Wendland T, Schnyder B, Frei E, Von Greyerz S, Bircher A, Pichler WJ. Characterization of lidocaine‐specific T cells. J Immunol 1997;158:1139–1148.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>158</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1139</start><end>1148</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>158</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1139</start><end>1148</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0368"><titleInfo><title>A new type of metal recognition by human T cells: Contact residues for peptide‐independent bridging of T cell receptor and major histocompatibility complex by nickel</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Gamerdinger</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Moulon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DR</namePart><namePart type="family">Karp</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Van Bergen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Koning</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Wild</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U</namePart><namePart type="family">Pflugfelder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HU</namePart><namePart type="family">Weltzien</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Gamerdinger K, Moulon C, Karp DR, Van Bergen J, Koning F, Wild D, Pflugfelder U, Weltzien HU. A new type of metal recognition by human T cells: Contact residues for peptide‐independent bridging of T cell receptor and major histocompatibility complex by nickel. J Exp Med 2003;197:1345–1353.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>197</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1345</start><end>1353</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Exp Med</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>197</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1345</start><end>1353</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0369"><titleInfo><title>Characterization of drug‐specific T cells in lamotrigine hypersensitivity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Wong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JPH</namePart><namePart type="family">Depta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CC</namePart><namePart type="family">Dodd</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JE</namePart><namePart type="family">Hopkins</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CA</namePart><namePart type="family">Gibney</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DW</namePart><namePart type="family">Chadwick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Naisbitt DJ, Farrell J, Wong G, Depta JPH, Dodd CC, Hopkins JE, Gibney CA, Chadwick DW, Pichler WJ, Pirmohamed M, Park BK. Characterization of drug‐specific T cells in lamotrigine hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111:1393–1403.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>111</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1393</start><end>1403</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Allergy Clin Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>111</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1393</start><end>1403</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0370"><titleInfo><title>Processing of urushiol (poison ivy) hapten by both endogenous and exogenous pathways for presentation to T cells in vitro</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalish</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Wood</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">LaPorte</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kalish RS, Wood JA, LaPorte A. Processing of urushiol (poison ivy) hapten by both endogenous and exogenous pathways for presentation to T cells in vitro. J Clin Invest 1994;93:2039–2047.</note><part><date>1994</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>93</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2039</start><end>2047</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Clin Invest</title></titleInfo><part><date>1994</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>93</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2039</start><end>2047</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0371"><titleInfo><title>Generation and characterization of antigen‐specific CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD8+ T‐cell clones from patients with carbamazepine hypersensitivity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Wu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Wu Y, Farrell J, Pirmohamed M, Park BK, Naisbitt DJ. Generation and characterization of antigen‐specific CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD8+ T‐cell clones from patients with carbamazepine hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immun 2007;119:973–981.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>119</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>973</start><end>981</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Allergy Clin Immun</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>119</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>973</start><end>981</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0372"><titleInfo><title>Recognition of sulfamethoxazole and its reactive metabolites by drug‐specific CD4+ T cells from allergic individuals</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Schnyder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Burkhart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Schnyder‐Frutig</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">von Greyerz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Schnyder B, Burkhart C, Schnyder‐Frutig K, von Greyerz S, Naisbitt DJ, Pirmohamed M, Park BK, Pichler WJ. Recognition of sulfamethoxazole and its reactive metabolites by drug‐specific CD4+ T cells from allergic individuals. J Immunol 2000;164:6647–6654.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>164</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6647</start><end>6654</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>164</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6647</start><end>6654</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0373"><titleInfo><title>Activation of drug‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in individuals allergic to sulfonamides, phenytoin, and carbamazepine</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mauri‐Hellweg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Bettens</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mauri</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Brander</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Hunziker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Mauri‐Hellweg D, Bettens F, Mauri D, Brander C, Hunziker T, Pichler WJ. Activation of drug‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in individuals allergic to sulfonamides, phenytoin, and carbamazepine. J Immunol 1995;155:462–472.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>155</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>462</start><end>472</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>155</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>462</start><end>472</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0374"><titleInfo><title>Cross‐reactivity of T cell lines and clones to beta‐lactam antibiotics</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mauri‐Hellweg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Zanni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Frei</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Bettens</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Brander</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mauri</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Padovan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HU</namePart><namePart type="family">Weltzien</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Mauri‐Hellweg D, Zanni M, Frei E, Bettens F, Brander C, Mauri D, Padovan E, Weltzien HU, Pichler WJ. Cross‐reactivity of T cell lines and clones to beta‐lactam antibiotics. J Immunol 1996;157:1071–1079.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>157</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1071</start><end>1079</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>157</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1071</start><end>1079</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0375"><titleInfo><title>Interaction of sulfonamide derivatives with the TCR of sulfamethoxazole‐specific human alpha beta+ T cell clones</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">von Greyerz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MP</namePart><namePart type="family">Zanni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Frutig</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Schnyder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Burkhart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">von Greyerz S, Zanni MP, Frutig K, Schnyder B, Burkhart C, Pichler WJ. Interaction of sulfonamide derivatives with the TCR of sulfamethoxazole‐specific human alpha beta+ T cell clones. J Immunol 1999;162:595–602.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>162</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>595</start><end>602</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>162</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>595</start><end>602</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0376"><titleInfo><title>Recognition of local anesthetics by alphabeta+ T cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MP</namePart><namePart type="family">Zanni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">von Greyerz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Hari</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Schnyder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zanni MP, von Greyerz S, Hari Y, Schnyder B, Pichler WJ. Recognition of local anesthetics by alphabeta+ T cells. J Invest Dermatol 1999;112:197–204.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>112</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>197</start><end>204</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Invest Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>112</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>197</start><end>204</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0377"><titleInfo><title>T cells isolated from positive epicutaneous test reactions to amoxicillin and ceftriaxone are drug specific and cytotoxic</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Yawalkar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Hari</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Frutig</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Egli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Wendland</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LR</namePart><namePart type="family">Braathen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Yawalkar N, Hari Y, Frutig K, Egli F, Wendland T, Braathen LR, Pichler WJ. T cells isolated from positive epicutaneous test reactions to amoxicillin and ceftriaxone are drug specific and cytotoxic. J Invest Dermatol 2000;115:647–652.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>115</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>647</start><end>652</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Invest Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>115</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>647</start><end>652</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0378"><titleInfo><title>Hypersensitivity reactions to carbamazepine: Characterization of the specificity, phenotype, and cytokine profile of drug‐specific T cell clones</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Britschgi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Wong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Depta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DW</namePart><namePart type="family">Chadwick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Naisbitt DJ, Britschgi M, Wong G, Farrell J, Depta JP, Chadwick DW, Pichler WJ, Pirmohamed M, Park BK. Hypersensitivity reactions to carbamazepine: Characterization of the specificity, phenotype, and cytokine profile of drug‐specific T cell clones. Mol Pharmacol 2003;63:732–741.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>63</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>732</start><end>741</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>63</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>732</start><end>741</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0379"><titleInfo><title>Characterization of drug‐specific T cells in lamotrigine hypersensitivity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Wong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Depta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CC</namePart><namePart type="family">Dodd</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JE</namePart><namePart type="family">Hopkins</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CA</namePart><namePart type="family">Gibney</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DW</namePart><namePart type="family">Chadwick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Naisbitt DJ, Farrell J, Wong G, Depta JP, Dodd CC, Hopkins JE, Gibney CA, Chadwick DW, Pichler WJ, Pirmohamed M, Park BK. Characterization of drug‐specific T cells in lamotrigine hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immun 2003;111:1393–1403.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>111</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1393</start><end>1403</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Allergy Clin Immun</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>111</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1393</start><end>1403</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0380"><titleInfo><title>Drug interaction with T‐cell receptors: T‐cell receptor density determines degree of cross‐reactivity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Depta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Altznauer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Gamerdinger</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Burkhart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HU</namePart><namePart type="family">Weltzien</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Depta JP, Altznauer F, Gamerdinger K, Burkhart C, Weltzien HU, Pichler WJ. Drug interaction with T‐cell receptors: T‐cell receptor density determines degree of cross‐reactivity. J Allergy Clin Immun 2004;113:519–527.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>113</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>519</start><end>527</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Allergy Clin Immun</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>113</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>519</start><end>527</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0381"><titleInfo><title>Activation of T cells by carbamazepine and carbamazepine metabolites</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Wu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Sanderson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NS</namePart><namePart type="family">Drummond</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Hanson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Bowkett</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Berry</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AV</namePart><namePart type="family">Stachulski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SE</namePart><namePart type="family">Clarke</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Wu Y, Sanderson JP, Farrell J, Drummond NS, Hanson A, Bowkett E, Berry N, Stachulski AV, Clarke SE, Pichler WJ, Pirmohamed M, Park BK, Naisbitt DJ. Activation of T cells by carbamazepine and carbamazepine metabolites. J Allergy Clin Immun 2006;118:233–241.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>118</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>233</start><end>241</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Allergy Clin Immun</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>118</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>233</start><end>241</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0382"><titleInfo><title>Characterization of lidocaine‐specific T cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MP</namePart><namePart type="family">Zanni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mauri‐Hellweg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Brander</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Wendland</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Schnyder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Frei</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">von Greyerz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Bircher</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zanni MP, Mauri‐Hellweg D, Brander C, Wendland T, Schnyder B, Frei E, von Greyerz S, Bircher A, Pichler WJ. Characterization of lidocaine‐specific T cells. J Immunol 1997;158:1139–1148.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>158</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1139</start><end>1148</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>158</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1139</start><end>1148</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0383"><titleInfo><title>T cell recognition of penicillin G: Structural features determining antigenic specificity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Padovan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mauri‐Hellweg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HU</namePart><namePart type="family">Weltzien</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Padovan E, Mauri‐Hellweg D, Pichler WJ, Weltzien HU. T cell recognition of penicillin G: Structural features determining antigenic specificity. Eur J Immunol 1996;26:42–48.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>26</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>42</start><end>48</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Eur J Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>26</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>42</start><end>48</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0384"><titleInfo><title>Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Effector cells are drug‐specific cytotoxic T cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Nassif</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Bensussan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Boumsell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Deniaud</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Moslehi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Wolkenstein</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Bagot</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart><namePart type="family">Roujeau</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Nassif A, Bensussan A, Boumsell L, Deniaud A, Moslehi H, Wolkenstein P, Bagot M, Roujeau JC. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Effector cells are drug‐specific cytotoxic T cells. J Allergy Clin Immun 2004;114:1209–1215.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>114</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1209</start><end>1215</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Allergy Clin Immun</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>114</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1209</start><end>1215</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0385"><titleInfo><title>T‐cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against keratinocytes in sulfamethoxazol‐induced skin reaction</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Schnyder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Frutig</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mauri‐Hellweg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Limat</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Yawalkar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Schnyder B, Frutig K, Mauri‐Hellweg D, Limat A, Yawalkar N, Pichler WJ. T‐cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against keratinocytes in sulfamethoxazol‐induced skin reaction. Clin Exp Allergy 1998;28:1412–1417.</note><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1412</start><end>1417</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clin Exp Allergy</title></titleInfo><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1412</start><end>1417</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0386"><titleInfo><title>Direct, MHC‐dependent presentation of the drug sulfamethoxazole to human alphabeta T cell clones</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Schnyder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mauri‐Hellweg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Zanni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Bettens</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Schnyder B, Mauri‐Hellweg D, Zanni M, Bettens F, Pichler WJ. Direct, MHC‐dependent presentation of the drug sulfamethoxazole to human alphabeta T cell clones. J Clin Invest 1997;100:136–141.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>100</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>136</start><end>141</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Clin Invest</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>100</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>136</start><end>141</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0387"><titleInfo><title>A chemically inert drug can stimulate T cells in vitro by their T cell receptor in non‐sensitised individuals</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">OB</namePart><namePart type="family">Engler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Strasser</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Cerny</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Engler OB, Strasser I, Naisbitt DJ, Cerny A, Pichler WJ. A chemically inert drug can stimulate T cells in vitro by their T cell receptor in non‐sensitised individuals. Toxicology 2004;197:47–56.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>197</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>47</start><end>56</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>197</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>47</start><end>56</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0388"><titleInfo><title>Non‐covalent presentation of sulfamethoxazole to human CD4+ T cells is independent of distinct human leucocyte antigen‐bound peptides</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Burkhart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Britschgi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Strasser</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Depta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">von Greyerz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Barnaba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Burkhart C, Britschgi M, Strasser I, Depta JP, von Greyerz S, Barnaba V, Pichler WJ. Non‐covalent presentation of sulfamethoxazole to human CD4+ T cells is independent of distinct human leucocyte antigen‐bound peptides. Clin Exp Allergy 2002;32:1635–1643.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>32</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1635</start><end>1643</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clin Exp Allergy</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>32</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1635</start><end>1643</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0389"><titleInfo><title>Influence of reduced glutathione on the proliferative response of sulfamethoxazole‐specific and sulfamethoxazole‐metabolite‐specific human CD4 +T‐cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Burkhart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">von Greyerz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Depta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Britschgi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KB</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Burkhart C, von Greyerz S, Depta JP, Naisbitt DJ, Britschgi M, Park KB, Pichler WJ. Influence of reduced glutathione on the proliferative response of sulfamethoxazole‐specific and sulfamethoxazole‐metabolite‐specific human CD4 +T‐cells. Br J Pharmacol 2001;132:623–630.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>132</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>623</start><end>630</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Br J Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>132</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>623</start><end>630</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0390"><titleInfo><title>HLA‐restricted, processing‐ and metabolism‐independent pathway of drug recognition by human alpha beta T lymphocytes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MP</namePart><namePart type="family">Zanni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">von Greyerz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Schnyder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KA</namePart><namePart type="family">Brander</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Frutig</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Hari</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Valitutti</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Zanni MP, von Greyerz S, Schnyder B, Brander KA, Frutig K, Hari Y, Valitutti S, Pichler WJ. HLA‐restricted, processing‐ and metabolism‐independent pathway of drug recognition by human alpha beta T lymphocytes. J Clin Invest 1998;102:1591–1598.</note><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>102</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1591</start><end>1598</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Clin Invest</title></titleInfo><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>102</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1591</start><end>1598</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0391"><titleInfo><title>Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole induced rash and fatal hematologic disorders</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z</namePart><namePart type="family">Kocak</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CA</namePart><namePart type="family">Hatipoglu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Ertem</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Kinikli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Tufan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Irmak</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AP</namePart><namePart type="family">Demiroz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kocak Z, Hatipoglu CA, Ertem G, Kinikli S, Tufan A, Irmak H, Demiroz AP. Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole induced rash and fatal hematologic disorders. J Infection 2006;52:e49–e52.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>52</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>e49</start><end>e52</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Infection</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>52</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>e49</start><end>e52</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0392"><titleInfo><title>Cholestatic hepatitis with severe systemic reactions induced by trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Kouklakis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Mpoumponaris</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Zezos</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Moschos</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Koulaouzidis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakos</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Pehlivanidis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Iosiphidis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Molyvas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Nikolaidis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Koulaouzidis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kouklakis G, Mpoumponaris A, Zezos P, Moschos J, Koulaouzidis A, Nakos A, Pehlivanidis A, Iosiphidis M, Molyvas E, Nikolaidis N, Koulaouzidis T. Cholestatic hepatitis with severe systemic reactions induced by trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole. Ann Hepatol 2007;6:63–65.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>63</start><end>65</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Ann Hepatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>63</start><end>65</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0393"><titleInfo><title>Hepatic microsomal metabolism of sulfamethoxazole to the hydroxylamine</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Cribb</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SP</namePart><namePart type="family">Spielberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Cribb AE, Spielberg SP. Hepatic microsomal metabolism of sulfamethoxazole to the hydroxylamine. Drug Metab Dispos 1990;18:784–787.</note><part><date>1990</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>784</start><end>787</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>1990</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>784</start><end>787</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0394"><titleInfo><title>N4‐hydroxylation of sulfamethoxazole by cytochrome P450 of the cytochrome P4502C subfamily and reduction of sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine in human and rat hepatic microsomes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Cribb</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SP</namePart><namePart type="family">Spielberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GP</namePart><namePart type="family">Griffin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Cribb AE, Spielberg SP, Griffin GP. N4‐hydroxylation of sulfamethoxazole by cytochrome P450 of the cytochrome P4502C subfamily and reduction of sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine in human and rat hepatic microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos 1995;23:406–414.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>406</start><end>414</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>406</start><end>414</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0395"><titleInfo><title>Sulfamethoxazole and its metabolite nitroso sulfamethoxazole stimulate dendritic cell costimulatory signaling</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Sanderson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CA</namePart><namePart type="family">Ashby</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Tucker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Rieder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SE</namePart><namePart type="family">Clarke</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Sanderson JP, Naisbitt DJ, Farrell J, Ashby CA, Tucker MJ, Rieder MJ, Pirmohamed M, Clarke SE, Park BK. Sulfamethoxazole and its metabolite nitroso sulfamethoxazole stimulate dendritic cell costimulatory signaling. J Immunol 2007;178:5533–5542.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>178</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5533</start><end>5542</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>178</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5533</start><end>5542</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0396"><titleInfo><title>Reactions of the nitroso and hydroxylamine metabolites of sulfamethoxazole with reduced glutathione: Implications for idiosyncratic toxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Cribb</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Miller</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart><namePart type="family">Leeder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Hill</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SP</namePart><namePart type="family">Spielberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Cribb AE, Miller M, Leeder JS, Hill J, Spielberg SP. Reactions of the nitroso and hydroxylamine metabolites of sulfamethoxazole with reduced glutathione: Implications for idiosyncratic toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 1991;19:900–906.</note><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>900</start><end>906</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>900</start><end>906</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0397"><titleInfo><title>Covalent binding of the nitroso metabolite of sulfamethoxazole leads to toxicity and major histocompatibility complex‐restricted antigen presentation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SF</namePart><namePart type="family">Gordon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Maggs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Burkhart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Naisbitt DJ, Farrell J, Gordon SF, Maggs JL, Burkhart C, Pichler WJ, Pirmohamed M, Park BK. Covalent binding of the nitroso metabolite of sulfamethoxazole leads to toxicity and major histocompatibility complex‐restricted antigen presentation. Mol Pharmacol 2002;62:628–637.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>62</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>628</start><end>637</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>62</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>628</start><end>637</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0398"><titleInfo><title>Roles of endogenous ascorbate and glutathione in the cellular reduction and cytotoxicity of sulfamethoxazole‐nitroso</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SN</namePart><namePart type="family">Lavergne</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kurian</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SU</namePart><namePart type="family">Bajad</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JE</namePart><namePart type="family">Maki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AR</namePart><namePart type="family">Yoder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MV</namePart><namePart type="family">Guzinski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FM</namePart><namePart type="family">Graziano</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LA</namePart><namePart type="family">Trepanier</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Lavergne SN, Kurian JR, Bajad SU, Maki JE, Yoder AR, Guzinski MV, Graziano FM, Trepanier LA. Roles of endogenous ascorbate and glutathione in the cellular reduction and cytotoxicity of sulfamethoxazole‐nitroso. Toxicology 2006;222:25–36.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>222</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>25</start><end>36</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>222</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>25</start><end>36</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0399"><titleInfo><title>Covalent binding of sulfamethoxazole reactive metabolites to human and rat liver subcellular fractions assessed by immunochemical detection</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Cribb</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CE</namePart><namePart type="family">Nuss</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DW</namePart><namePart type="family">Alberts</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DB</namePart><namePart type="family">Lamphere</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DM</namePart><namePart type="family">Grant</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Grossman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SP</namePart><namePart type="family">Spielberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Cribb AE, Nuss CE, Alberts DW, Lamphere DB, Grant DM, Grossman SJ, Spielberg SP. Covalent binding of sulfamethoxazole reactive metabolites to human and rat liver subcellular fractions assessed by immunochemical detection. Chem Res Toxicol 1996;9:500–507.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>500</start><end>507</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>500</start><end>507</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0400"><titleInfo><title>Synthesis and in vitro toxicity of hydroxylamine metabolites of sulfonamides</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Rieder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NH</namePart><namePart type="family">Shear</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SP</namePart><namePart type="family">Spielberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Rieder MJ, Uetrecht J, Shear NH, Spielberg SP. Synthesis and in vitro toxicity of hydroxylamine metabolites of sulfonamides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988;244:724–728.</note><part><date>1988</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>244</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>724</start><end>728</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>1988</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>244</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>724</start><end>728</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0401"><titleInfo><title>Synthesis and reactions of nitroso sulphamethoxazole with biological nucleophiles: Implications for immune mediated toxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PM</namePart><namePart type="family">Neill</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Naisbitt DJ, Neill PM, Pirmohamed M, Park BK. Synthesis and reactions of nitroso sulphamethoxazole with biological nucleophiles: Implications for immune mediated toxicity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996;6:1511–1516.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1511</start><end>1516</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Bioorg Med Chem Lett</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1511</start><end>1516</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0402"><titleInfo><title>Cellular disposition of sulphamethoxazole and its metabolites: Implications for hypersensitivity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Hough</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Gill</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Naisbitt DJ, Hough SJ, Gill HJ, Pirmohamed M, Kitteringham NR, Park BK. Cellular disposition of sulphamethoxazole and its metabolites: Implications for hypersensitivity. Br J Pharmacol 1999;126:1393–1407.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>126</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1393</start><end>1407</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Br J Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>126</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1393</start><end>1407</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0403"><titleInfo><title>Antigenicity and immunogenicity of sulphamethoxazole: Demonstration of metabolism‐dependent haptenation and T‐cell proliferation in vivo</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SF</namePart><namePart type="family">Gordon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Burkhart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Cribb</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Naisbitt DJ, Gordon SF, Pirmohamed M, Burkhart C, Cribb AE, Pichler WJ, Park BK. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of sulphamethoxazole: Demonstration of metabolism‐dependent haptenation and T‐cell proliferation in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2001;133:295–305.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>133</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>295</start><end>305</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Br J Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>133</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>295</start><end>305</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0404"><titleInfo><title>A role for bioactivation and covalent binding within epidermal keratinocytes in sulfonamide‐induced cutaneous drug reactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TP</namePart><namePart type="family">Reilly</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LH</namePart><namePart type="family">Lash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MA</namePart><namePart type="family">Doll</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DW</namePart><namePart type="family">Hein</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PM</namePart><namePart type="family">Woster</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CK</namePart><namePart type="family">Svensson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Reilly TP, Lash LH, Doll MA, Hein DW, Woster PM, Svensson CK. A role for bioactivation and covalent binding within epidermal keratinocytes in sulfonamide‐induced cutaneous drug reactions. J Invest Dermatol 2000;114:1164–1173.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>114</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1164</start><end>1173</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Invest Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>114</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1164</start><end>1173</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0405"><titleInfo><title>The relationship between the disposition and immunogenicity of sulfamethoxazole in the rat</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Gill</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Hough</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Maggs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Gill HJ, Hough SJ, Naisbitt DJ, Maggs JL, Kitteringham NR, Pirmohamed M, Park BK. The relationship between the disposition and immunogenicity of sulfamethoxazole in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;282:795–801.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>282</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>795</start><end>801</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>282</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>795</start><end>801</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0406"><titleInfo><title>Novel non‐labile covalent binding of sulfamethoxazole reactive metabolites to cultured human lymphoid cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Summan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Cribb</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Summan M, Cribb AE. Novel non‐labile covalent binding of sulfamethoxazole reactive metabolites to cultured human lymphoid cells. Chem‐Biol Interact 2002;142:155–173.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>142</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>155</start><end>173</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem‐Biol Interact</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>142</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>155</start><end>173</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0407"><titleInfo><title>Haptenation of sulfonamide reactive metabolites to cellular proteins</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Manchanda</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Hess</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Dale</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SG</namePart><namePart type="family">Ferguson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Rieder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Manchanda T, Hess D, Dale L, Ferguson SG, Rieder MJ. Haptenation of sulfonamide reactive metabolites to cellular proteins. Mol Pharmacol 2002;62:1011–1026.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>62</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1011</start><end>1026</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>62</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1011</start><end>1026</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0408"><titleInfo><title>Multiple adduction reactions of nitroso sulfamethoxazole with cysteinyl residues of peptides and proteins: Implications for hapten formation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HE</namePart><namePart type="family">Callan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RE</namePart><namePart type="family">Jenkins</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Maggs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SN</namePart><namePart type="family">Lavergne</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SE</namePart><namePart type="family">Clarke</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Callan HE, Jenkins RE, Maggs JL, Lavergne SN, Clarke SE, Naisbitt DJ, Park BK. Multiple adduction reactions of nitroso sulfamethoxazole with cysteinyl residues of peptides and proteins: Implications for hapten formation. Chem Res Toxicol 2009;22:937–948.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>937</start><end>948</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>937</start><end>948</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0409"><titleInfo><title>Peculiar spectroscopic and kinetic properties of Cys‐47 in human placental glutathione transferase. Evidence for an atypical thiolate ion pair near the active site</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Lo Bello</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MW</namePart><namePart type="family">Parker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Desideri</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Polticelli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Falconi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Del Boccio</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Pennelli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Federici</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Ricci</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Lo Bello M, Parker MW, Desideri A, Polticelli F, Falconi M, Del Boccio G, Pennelli A, Federici G, Ricci G. Peculiar spectroscopic and kinetic properties of Cys‐47 in human placental glutathione transferase. Evidence for an atypical thiolate ion pair near the active site. J Biol Chem 1993;268:19033–19038.</note><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>268</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>19033</start><end>19038</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Biol Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>268</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>19033</start><end>19038</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0410"><titleInfo><title>Covalent binding of the nitroso metabolite of sulfamethoxazole is important in induction of drug‐specific T‐cell responses in vivo</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Cheng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Stewart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Q</namePart><namePart type="family">You</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DR</namePart><namePart type="family">Petersen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Ware</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Piccotti</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TT</namePart><namePart type="family">Kawabata</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Ju</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Cheng L, Stewart BJ, You Q, Petersen DR, Ware JA, Piccotti JR, Kawabata TT, Ju C. Covalent binding of the nitroso metabolite of sulfamethoxazole is important in induction of drug‐specific T‐cell responses in vivo. Mol Pharmacol 2008;73:1769–1775.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>73</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1769</start><end>1775</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Mol Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>73</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1769</start><end>1775</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0411"><titleInfo><title>Allergic contact dermatitis caused by skin painting (pseudotattooing) with black henna, a mixture of henna and p‐phenylenediamine and its derivatives</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Le Coz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Lefebvre</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Keller</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Grosshans</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Le Coz CJ, Lefebvre C, Keller F, Grosshans E. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by skin painting (pseudotattooing) with black henna, a mixture of henna and p‐phenylenediamine and its derivatives. Arch Dermatol 2000;136:1515–1517.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>136</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1515</start><end>1517</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Arch Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>136</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1515</start><end>1517</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0412"><titleInfo><title>A temporary henna tattoo causing hair and clothing dye allergy</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Matulich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Sullivan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Matulich J, Sullivan J. A temporary henna tattoo causing hair and clothing dye allergy. Contact Dermatitis 2005;53:33–36.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>53</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>33</start><end>36</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Contact Dermatitis</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>53</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>33</start><end>36</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0413"><titleInfo><title>Allergy to hair dye: Its incidence is rising, as more and younger people dye their hair</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">McFadden</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">IR</namePart><namePart type="family">White</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Frosch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Sosted</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Johansen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Menne</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">McFadden JP, White IR, Frosch PJ, Sosted H, Johansen JD, Menne T. Allergy to hair dye: Its incidence is rising, as more and younger people dye their hair. Br Med J 2007;334:220.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>334</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>220</start></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Br Med J</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>334</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>220</start></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0414"><titleInfo><title>The identification of contact allergens by human assay. II. Factors influencing the induction and measurement of allergic contact dermatitis</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AM</namePart><namePart type="family">Kligman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kligman AM. The identification of contact allergens by human assay. II. Factors influencing the induction and measurement of allergic contact dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 1966;47:375–392.</note><part><date>1966</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>47</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>375</start><end>392</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Invest Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1966</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>47</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>375</start><end>392</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0415"><titleInfo><title>The use of graded concentrations in studying skin sensitizers: Experimental contact sensitization in man</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FN</namePart><namePart type="family">Marzulli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HI</namePart><namePart type="family">Maibach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Marzulli FN, Maibach HI. The use of graded concentrations in studying skin sensitizers: Experimental contact sensitization in man. Food Cosmet Toxicol 1974;12:219–227.</note><part><date>1974</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>219</start><end>227</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Food Cosmet Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1974</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>219</start><end>227</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0416"><titleInfo><title>Activation of human dendritic cells by p‐phenylenediamine</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EM</namePart><namePart type="family">Coulter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KL</namePart><namePart type="family">Mathews</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Maggs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CK</namePart><namePart type="family">Pease</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Lockley</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Basketter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Coulter EM, Farrell J, Mathews KL, Maggs JL, Pease CK, Lockley DJ, Basketter DA, Park BK, Naisbitt DJ. Activation of human dendritic cells by p‐phenylenediamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007;320:885–892.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>320</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>885</start><end>892</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>320</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>885</start><end>892</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0417"><titleInfo><title>Study on cross‐reactivity to the para group</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Picardo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Cannistraci</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Cristaudo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">De Luca</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Santucci</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Picardo M, Cannistraci C, Cristaudo A, De Luca C, Santucci B. Study on cross‐reactivity to the para group. Dermatologica 1990;181:104–108.</note><part><date>1990</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>181</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>104</start><end>108</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Dermatologica</title></titleInfo><part><date>1990</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>181</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>104</start><end>108</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0418"><titleInfo><title>Biochemical and histopathological changes following dermal exposure to paraphenylene diamine in guinea pigs</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AK</namePart><namePart type="family">Mathur</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BN</namePart><namePart type="family">Gupta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Narang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Singh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Mathur</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Singh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Shukla</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Shanker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Mathur AK, Gupta BN, Narang S, Singh S, Mathur N, Singh A, Shukla LJ, Shanker R. Biochemical and histopathological changes following dermal exposure to paraphenylene diamine in guinea pigs. J Appl Toxicol 1990;10:383–386.</note><part><date>1990</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>383</start><end>386</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Appl Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1990</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>383</start><end>386</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0419"><titleInfo><title>Investigation of the prohapten concept. Cross reactions between 1,4‐substituted benzene derivatives in the guinea pig</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Basketter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BFJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Basketter DA, Goodwin BFJ. Investigation of the prohapten concept. Cross reactions between 1,4‐substituted benzene derivatives in the guinea pig. Contact Dermatitis 1988;19:248–253.</note><part><date>1988</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>248</start><end>253</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Contact Dermatitis</title></titleInfo><part><date>1988</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>248</start><end>253</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0420"><titleInfo><title>From xenobiotic chemistry and metabolism to better prediction and risk assessment of skin allergy</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CK</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith Pease</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Smith Pease CK. From xenobiotic chemistry and metabolism to better prediction and risk assessment of skin allergy. Toxicology 2003;192:1–22.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>192</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>22</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicology</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>192</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>22</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0421"><titleInfo><title>Contact allergy: The role of skin chemistry and metabolism</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CK</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith Pease</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Basketter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GY</namePart><namePart type="family">Patlewicz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Smith Pease CK, Basketter DA, Patlewicz GY. Contact allergy: The role of skin chemistry and metabolism. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003;28:177–183.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>177</start><end>183</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clin Exp Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>177</start><end>183</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0422"><titleInfo><title>Local lymph node assay responses to paraphenylenediamine: Intra‐ and inter‐laboratory evaluations</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EV</namePart><namePart type="family">Warbrick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Dearman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Lea</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Basketter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Kimber</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Warbrick EV, Dearman RJ, Lea LJ, Basketter DA, Kimber I. Local lymph node assay responses to paraphenylenediamine: Intra‐ and inter‐laboratory evaluations. J Appl Toxicol 1999;19:255–260.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>255</start><end>260</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Appl Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>255</start><end>260</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0423"><titleInfo><title>p‐Phenylenediamine allergy: The role of Bandrowski's base</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JML</namePart><namePart type="family">White</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Kullavanijaya</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Duangdeeden</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Zazzeroni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Gilmour</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Basketter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">McFadden</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">White JML, Kullavanijaya P, Duangdeeden I, Zazzeroni R, Gilmour NJ, Basketter DA, McFadden JP. p‐Phenylenediamine allergy: The role of Bandrowski's base. Clin Exp Allergy 2006;36:1289–1293.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>36</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1289</start><end>1293</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clin Exp Allergy</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>36</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1289</start><end>1293</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0424"><titleInfo><title>Skin sensitization to p‐phenylenediamine: The diverging roles of oxidation and N‐acetylation for dendritic cell activation and the immune response</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Aeby</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Sieber</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Beck</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GF</namePart><namePart type="family">Gerberick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Goebel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Aeby P, Sieber T, Beck H, Gerberick GF, Goebel C. Skin sensitization to p‐phenylenediamine: The diverging roles of oxidation and N‐acetylation for dendritic cell activation and the immune response. J Invest Dermatol 2009;129:99–109.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>129</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>99</start><end>109</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Invest Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>129</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>99</start><end>109</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0425"><titleInfo><title>Investigation of the immunogenicity of p‐phenylenediamine and Bandrowski's base in the mouse</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Jenkinson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SN</namePart><namePart type="family">Lavergne</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Maggs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Kevin Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Farrell J, Jenkinson C, Lavergne SN, Maggs JL, Kevin Park B, Naisbitt DJ. Investigation of the immunogenicity of p‐phenylenediamine and Bandrowski's base in the mouse. Toxicol Lett 2009;185:153–159.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>185</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>153</start><end>159</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicol Lett</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>185</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>153</start><end>159</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0426"><titleInfo><title>Patch test frequency to p‐phenylenediamine: Follow up over the last 6 years</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Patel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Basketter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Jefferies</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">IR</namePart><namePart type="family">White</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RJG</namePart><namePart type="family">Rycroft</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">McFadden</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SY</namePart><namePart type="family">Ho</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Patel S, Basketter DA, Jefferies D, White IR, Rycroft RJG, McFadden JP, Ho SY. Patch test frequency to p‐phenylenediamine: Follow up over the last 6 years. Contact Dermatitis 2007;56:35–37.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>56</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>35</start><end>37</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Contact Dermatitis</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>56</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>35</start><end>37</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0427"><titleInfo><title>N‐Acetylation of paraphenylenediamine in human skin and keratinocytes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Kawakubo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HF</namePart><namePart type="family">Merk</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TA</namePart><namePart type="family">Masaoudi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Sieben</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Blomeke</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kawakubo Y, Merk HF, Masaoudi TA, Sieben S, Blomeke B. N‐Acetylation of paraphenylenediamine in human skin and keratinocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000;292:150–155.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>292</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>150</start><end>155</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>292</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>150</start><end>155</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0428"><titleInfo><title>Acetylator phenotype in patients with p‐phenylenediamine allergy</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Kawakubo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakamori</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Schopf</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Ohkido</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kawakubo Y, Nakamori M, Schopf E, Ohkido M. Acetylator phenotype in patients with p‐phenylenediamine allergy. Dermatology 1997;195:43–45.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>195</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>43</start><end>45</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Dermatology</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>195</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>43</start><end>45</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0429"><titleInfo><title>High capacity of human skin for N‐acetylation of arylamines</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Kawakubo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamazoe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Kato</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Nishikawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kawakubo Y, Yamazoe Y, Kato R, Nishikawa T. High capacity of human skin for N‐acetylation of arylamines. Skin Pharmacol 1990;3:180–185.</note><part><date>1990</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>180</start><end>185</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Skin Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1990</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>180</start><end>185</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0430"><titleInfo><title>Urinary acetylated metabolites and N‐acetyltransferase‐2 genotype in human subjects treated with a para‐phenylenediamine‐containing oxidative hair dye</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Nohynek</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Skare</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Meuling</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DW</namePart><namePart type="family">Hein</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AT</namePart><namePart type="family">De Bie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Toutain</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Nohynek GJ, Skare JA, Meuling WJ, Hein DW, De Bie AT, Toutain H. Urinary acetylated metabolites and N‐acetyltransferase‐2 genotype in human subjects treated with a para‐phenylenediamine‐containing oxidative hair dye. Food Chem Toxicol 2004;42:1885–1891.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>42</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1885</start><end>1891</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Food Chem Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>42</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1885</start><end>1891</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0431"><titleInfo><title>Individual Variability in p‐aminobenzoic acid N‐acetylation by human N‐acetyltransferase (Nat1) of peripheral‐blood</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WW</namePart><namePart type="family">Weber</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KP</namePart><namePart type="family">Vatsis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Weber WW, Vatsis KP. Individual Variability in p‐aminobenzoic acid N‐acetylation by human N‐acetyltransferase (Nat1) of peripheral‐blood. Pharmacogenetics 1993;3:209–212.</note><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>209</start><end>212</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Pharmacogenetics</title></titleInfo><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>209</start><end>212</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0432"><titleInfo><title>N‐acetyltransferase 1 and 2 polymorphisms in para‐substituted arylamine‐induced contact allergy</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GA</namePart><namePart type="family">Westphal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Reich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TG</namePart><namePart type="family">Schulz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Neumann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Hallier</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Schnuch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Westphal GA, Reich K, Schulz TG, Neumann C, Hallier E, Schnuch A. N‐acetyltransferase 1 and 2 polymorphisms in para‐substituted arylamine‐induced contact allergy. Br J Dermatol 2000;142:1121–1127.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>142</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1121</start><end>1127</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Br J Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>142</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1121</start><end>1127</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0433"><titleInfo><title>Metabolism versus chemical transformation or pro‐ versus prehaptens?</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Lepoittevin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Lepoittevin JP. Metabolism versus chemical transformation or pro‐ versus prehaptens? Contact Dermatitis 2006;54:73–74.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>54</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>73</start><end>74</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Contact Dermatitis</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>54</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>73</start><end>74</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0434"><titleInfo><title>Synthesis and reactivity toward nucleophilic amino acids of 2,5‐[C‐13]‐dimethyl‐p‐benzoquinonediimine</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Eilstein</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Gimenez‐Arnau</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Duche</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Rousset</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Lepoittevin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Eilstein J, Gimenez‐Arnau E, Duche D, Rousset F, Lepoittevin JP. Synthesis and reactivity toward nucleophilic amino acids of 2,5‐[C‐13]‐dimethyl‐p‐benzoquinonediimine. Chem Res Toxicol 2006;19:1248–1256.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1248</start><end>1256</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1248</start><end>1256</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0435"><titleInfo><title>Mechanistic studies on the lysine‐induced N‐formylation of 2,5‐dimethyl‐p‐benzoquinonediimine</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Eilstein</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Giménez‐Arnau</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Duché</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Rousset</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Lepoittevin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Eilstein J, Giménez‐Arnau E, Duché D, Rousset F, Lepoittevin JP. Mechanistic studies on the lysine‐induced N‐formylation of 2,5‐dimethyl‐p‐benzoquinonediimine. Chem Res Toxicol 2007;20:1155–1161.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1155</start><end>1161</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1155</start><end>1161</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0436"><titleInfo><title>Sensitization to p‐amino aromatic compounds: Study of the covalent binding of 2,5‐dimethyl‐p‐benzoquinonediimine to a model peptide by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Eilstein</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Giménez‐Arnau</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Duché</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Cavusoglu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Hussler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Rousset</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Lepoittevin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Eilstein J, Giménez‐Arnau E, Duché D, Cavusoglu N, Hussler G, Rousset F, Lepoittevin JP. Sensitization to p‐amino aromatic compounds: Study of the covalent binding of 2,5‐dimethyl‐p‐benzoquinonediimine to a model peptide by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Bioorg Med Chem 2008;16:5482–5489.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>16</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5482</start><end>5489</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Bioorg Med Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>16</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5482</start><end>5489</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0437"><titleInfo><title>A mechanistic investigation into the irreversible protein binding and antigenicity of p‐phenylenediamine</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Jenkinson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RE</namePart><namePart type="family">Jenkins</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Maggs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Aleksic</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Jenkinson C, Jenkins RE, Maggs JL, Kitteringham NR, Aleksic M, Park BK, Naisbitt DJ. A mechanistic investigation into the irreversible protein binding and antigenicity of p‐phenylenediamine. Chem Res Toxicol 2009;22:1172–1180.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1172</start><end>1180</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1172</start><end>1180</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0438"><titleInfo><title>Thiolation and nitrosation of cysteines in biological fluids and cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Di Simplicio</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Franconi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Frosalí</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Di Giuseppe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Di Simplicio P, Franconi F, Frosalí S, Di Giuseppe D. Thiolation and nitrosation of cysteines in biological fluids and cells. Amino Acids 2003;25:323–339.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>323</start><end>339</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Amino Acids</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>323</start><end>339</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0439"><titleInfo><title>Reactive cysteine in proteins: Protein folding, antioxidant defense, redox signaling and more</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LES</namePart><namePart type="family">Netto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MA</namePart><namePart type="family">de Oliveira</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Monteiro</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">APD</namePart><namePart type="family">Demasi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JRR</namePart><namePart type="family">Cussiol</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KF</namePart><namePart type="family">Discola</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Demasi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GM</namePart><namePart type="family">Silva</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SV</namePart><namePart type="family">Alves</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">VG</namePart><namePart type="family">Faria</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BB</namePart><namePart type="family">Horta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Netto LES, de Oliveira MA, Monteiro G, Demasi APD, Cussiol JRR, Discola KF, Demasi M, Silva GM, Alves SV, Faria VG, Horta BB. Reactive cysteine in proteins: Protein folding, antioxidant defense, redox signaling and more. Comp Biochem Phys C 2007;146:180–193.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>146</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>180</start><end>193</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Comp Biochem Phys C</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>146</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>180</start><end>193</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0440"><titleInfo><title>Characterization of p‐phenylenediamine‐albumin binding sites and T‐cell responses to hapten‐modified protein</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Jenkinson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RE</namePart><namePart type="family">Jenkins</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Aleksic</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Jenkinson C, Jenkins RE, Aleksic M, Pirmohamed M, Naisbitt DJ, Park BK. Characterization of p‐phenylenediamine‐albumin binding sites and T‐cell responses to hapten‐modified protein. J Invest Dermatol 2010;130:732–742.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>130</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>732</start><end>742</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Invest Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>130</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>732</start><end>742</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0441"><titleInfo><title>Role of Tyr84 in controlling the reactivity of Cys34 of human albumin</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Stewart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CA</namePart><namePart type="family">Blindauer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Berezenko</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Sleep</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Tooth</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Sadler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Stewart AJ, Blindauer CA, Berezenko S, Sleep D, Tooth D, Sadler PJ. Role of Tyr84 in controlling the reactivity of Cys34 of human albumin. FEBS J 2005;272:353–362.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>272</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>353</start><end>362</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>FEBS J</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>272</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>353</start><end>362</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0442"><titleInfo><title>Identification and characterization of oxidized human serum albumin: A slight structural change impairs its ligand‐binding and antioxidant functions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Kawakami</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Kubota</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamada</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U</namePart><namePart type="family">Tagami</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Takehana</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Sonaka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Suzuki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Hirayama</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kawakami A, Kubota K, Yamada N, Tagami U, Takehana K, Sonaka I, Suzuki E, Hirayama K. Identification and characterization of oxidized human serum albumin: A slight structural change impairs its ligand‐binding and antioxidant functions. FEBS J 2006;273:3346–3357.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>273</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3346</start><end>3357</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>FEBS J</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>273</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3346</start><end>3357</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0443"><titleInfo><title>Delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction to paraphenylenediamine is mediated by 2 different pathways of antigen recognition by specific αβ+ human t‐cell clones</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Sieben</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Kawakubo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TA</namePart><namePart type="family">Masaoudi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HF</namePart><namePart type="family">Merk</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Blömeke</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Sieben S, Kawakubo Y, Masaoudi TA, Merk HF, Blömeke B. Delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction to paraphenylenediamine is mediated by 2 different pathways of antigen recognition by specific αβ+ human t‐cell clones. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:1005–1011.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>109</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1005</start><end>1011</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Allergy Clin Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>109</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1005</start><end>1011</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0444"><titleInfo><title>Activation of T‐cells from allergic patients and volunteers by p‐phenylenediamine and Bandrowski's base</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EM</namePart><namePart type="family">Coulter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Jenkinson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Wu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Foster</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">McGuire</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Pease</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Basketter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">King</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PS</namePart><namePart type="family">Friedmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Coulter EM, Jenkinson C, Wu Y, Farrell J, Foster B, Smith A, McGuire C, Pease C, Basketter D, King C, Friedmann PS, Pirmohamed M, Park BK, Naisbitt DJ. Activation of T‐cells from allergic patients and volunteers by p‐phenylenediamine and Bandrowski's base. J Invest Dermatol 2008;128:897–905.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>128</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>897</start><end>905</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Invest Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>128</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>897</start><end>905</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0445"><titleInfo><title>Reactivity of in vitro activated human T lymphocytes to p‐phenylenediamine and related substances</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Skazik</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Grannemann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilbers</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HF</namePart><namePart type="family">Merk</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Coenraads</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Breuer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Blömeke</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Skazik C, Grannemann S, Wilbers L, Merk HF, Coenraads PJ, Breuer S, Blömeke B. Reactivity of in vitro activated human T lymphocytes to p‐phenylenediamine and related substances. Contact Dermatitis 2008;59:203–211.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>59</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>203</start><end>211</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Contact Dermatitis</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>59</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>203</start><end>211</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0446"><titleInfo><title>Skin sensitization to p‐phenylenediamine: The diverging roles of oxidation and N‐acetylation for dendritic cell activation and the immune response</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Aeby</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Sieber</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Beck</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GF</namePart><namePart type="family">Gerberick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Goebel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Aeby P, Sieber T, Beck H, Gerberick GF, Goebel C. Skin sensitization to p‐phenylenediamine: The diverging roles of oxidation and N‐acetylation for dendritic cell activation and the immune response. J Invest Dermatol 2009;129:99–109.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>129</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>99</start><end>109</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Invest Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>129</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>99</start><end>109</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0447"><titleInfo><title>Immune mechanisms for induction of penicillin allergy</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Ahlstedt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Kristofferson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ahlstedt S, Kristofferson A. Immune mechanisms for induction of penicillin allergy. Prog Allergy 1982;30:67–134.</note><part><date>1982</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>30</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>67</start><end>134</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Prog Allergy</title></titleInfo><part><date>1982</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>30</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>67</start><end>134</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0448"><titleInfo><title>Penicillin allergy: The formation of the penicilloyl determinant</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FR</namePart><namePart type="family">Batchelor</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Dewdney</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Gazzard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Batchelor FR, Dewdney JM, Gazzard D. Penicillin allergy: The formation of the penicilloyl determinant. Nature 1965;206:362–364.</note><part><date>1965</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>206</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>362</start><end>364</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Nature</title></titleInfo><part><date>1965</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>206</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>362</start><end>364</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0449"><titleInfo><title>T‐cell response in penicillin allergy</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Padovan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Padovan E. T‐cell response in penicillin allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 1998;28:33–36.</note><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>33</start><end>36</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clin Exp Allergy</title></titleInfo><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>33</start><end>36</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0450"><titleInfo><title>Sullivan TJ, Middleton ERC, Ellis EF, Franklin Adkinson N, Yunginger JW, Busse WW, Eds. Drug Allergy. St Louis, MO: Mosby‐Year Book; 1993. p 1726–1746.</title></titleInfo><note type="citation/reference">Sullivan TJ, Middleton ERC, Ellis EF, Franklin Adkinson N, Yunginger JW, Busse WW, Eds. Drug Allergy. St Louis, MO: Mosby‐Year Book; 1993. p 1726–1746.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Sullivan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ERC</namePart><namePart type="family">Middleton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EF</namePart><namePart type="family">Ellis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Franklin Adkinson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JW</namePart><namePart type="family">Yunginger</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WW</namePart><namePart type="family">Busse</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Mosby‐Year Book</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">St Louis, MO</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1993</date><extent unit="pages"><start>1726</start><end>1746</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0451"><titleInfo><title>Minor haptenic determinant‐specific reagins (sic) of penicillin hypersensitivity in man</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BB</namePart><namePart type="family">Levine</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AP</namePart><namePart type="family">Redmond</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Levine BB, Redmond AP. Minor haptenic determinant‐specific reagins (sic) of penicillin hypersensitivity in man. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1969;35:445–455.</note><part><date>1969</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>35</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>445</start><end>455</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1969</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>35</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>445</start><end>455</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0452"><titleInfo><title>Heterogeneous T cell responses to β‐lactam‐modified self‐structures are observed in penicillin‐allergic individuals</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Brander</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mauri‐Hellweg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Bettens</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Rolli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Goldman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Brander C, Mauri‐Hellweg D, Bettens F, Rolli H, Goldman M, Pichler WJ. Heterogeneous T cell responses to β‐lactam‐modified self‐structures are observed in penicillin‐allergic individuals. J Immunol 1995;155:2670–2678.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>155</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2670</start><end>2678</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>155</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2670</start><end>2678</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0453"><titleInfo><title>Predominance of epidermal CD8+ T lymphocytes in bullous cutaneous reactions caused by β‐lactam antibiotics</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Hertl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Bohlen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Jugert</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Boecker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Knaup</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HF</namePart><namePart type="family">Merk</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Hertl M, Bohlen H, Jugert F, Boecker C, Knaup R, Merk HF. Predominance of epidermal CD8+ T lymphocytes in bullous cutaneous reactions caused by β‐lactam antibiotics. J Invest Dermatol 1993;101:794–799.</note><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>101</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>794</start><end>799</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Invest Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>101</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>794</start><end>799</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0454"><titleInfo><title>Lymphocyte activation in cutaneous drug reactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Hertl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HF</namePart><namePart type="family">Merk</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Hertl M, Merk HF. Lymphocyte activation in cutaneous drug reactions. J Invest Dermatol 1995;105:95S–98S.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>105</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>95S</start><end>98S</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Invest Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>105</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>95S</start><end>98S</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0455"><titleInfo><title>T cell recognition of penicillin G: Structural features determining antigenic specificity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Padovan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Mauri‐Hellweg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Pichler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HU</namePart><namePart type="family">Weltzien</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Padovan E, Mauri‐Hellweg D, Pichler WJ, Weltzien HU. T cell recognition of penicillin G: Structural features determining antigenic specificity. Eur J Immunol 1996;26:42–48.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>26</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>42</start><end>48</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Eur J Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>26</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>42</start><end>48</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0456"><titleInfo><title>Penicilloyl peptides are recognized as T cell antigenic determinants in penicillin allergy</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Padovan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Bauer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MM</namePart><namePart type="family">Tongio</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalbacher</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HU</namePart><namePart type="family">Weltzien</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Padovan E, Bauer T, Tongio MM, Kalbacher H, Weltzien HU. Penicilloyl peptides are recognized as T cell antigenic determinants in penicillin allergy. Eur J Immunol 1997;27:1303–1307.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>27</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1303</start><end>1307</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Eur J Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>27</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1303</start><end>1307</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0457"><titleInfo><title>Potential involvement of dendritic cells in delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions to β‐lactams</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Rodriguez‐Pena</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Lopez</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Mayorga</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Antunez</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TD</namePart><namePart type="family">Fernandez</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Torres</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Blanca</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Rodriguez‐Pena R, Lopez S, Mayorga C, Antunez C, Fernandez TD, Torres MJ, Blanca M. Potential involvement of dendritic cells in delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions to β‐lactams. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118:949–956.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>118</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>949</start><end>956</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Allergy Clin Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>118</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>949</start><end>956</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0458"><titleInfo><title>The metabolic activation of abacavir by human liver cytosol and expressed human alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart><namePart type="family">Walsh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Reese</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LM</namePart><namePart type="family">Thurmond</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Walsh JS, Reese MJ, Thurmond LM. The metabolic activation of abacavir by human liver cytosol and expressed human alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes. Chem‐Biol Interact 2002;142:135–154.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>142</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>135</start><end>154</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem‐Biol Interact</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>142</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>135</start><end>154</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0459"><titleInfo><title>Sulfamethoxazole is metabolized to the hydroxylamine in humans</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Cribb</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SP</namePart><namePart type="family">Spielberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Cribb AE, Spielberg SP. Sulfamethoxazole is metabolized to the hydroxylamine in humans. Clin Pharm Ther 1992;51:522–526.</note><part><date>1992</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>51</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>522</start><end>526</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clin Pharm Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>1992</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>51</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>522</start><end>526</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0460"><titleInfo><title>Detection of 2‐hydroxyiminostilbene in the urine of patients taking carbamazepine and its oxidation to a reactive iminoquinone intermediate</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Ju</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Van Koppen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ju C, Uetrecht JP, Van Koppen CJ. Detection of 2‐hydroxyiminostilbene in the urine of patients taking carbamazepine and its oxidation to a reactive iminoquinone intermediate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999;288:51–56.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>288</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>51</start><end>56</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>288</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>51</start><end>56</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0461"><titleInfo><title>An investigation of the formation of cytotoxic, protein‐reactive and stable metabolites from carbamazepine in vitro</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TM</namePart><namePart type="family">Guenthner</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AM</namePart><namePart type="family">Breckenridge</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Pirmohamed M, Kitteringham NR, Guenthner TM, Breckenridge AM, Park BK. An investigation of the formation of cytotoxic, protein‐reactive and stable metabolites from carbamazepine in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 1992;43:1675–1682.</note><part><date>1992</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>43</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1675</start><end>1682</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1992</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>43</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1675</start><end>1682</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0462"><titleInfo><title>Phenytoin metabolism by human cytochrome P450: Involvement of P450 3A and 2C forms in secondary metabolism and drug‐protein adduct formation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Cuttle</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Munns</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NA</namePart><namePart type="family">Hogg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Scott</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hooper</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RG</namePart><namePart type="family">Dickinson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EMJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Gillam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Cuttle L, Munns AJ, Hogg NA, Scott JR, Hooper WD, Dickinson RG, Gillam EMJ. Phenytoin metabolism by human cytochrome P450: Involvement of P450 3A and 2C forms in secondary metabolism and drug‐protein adduct formation. Drug Metab Dispos 2000;28:945–950.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>945</start><end>950</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>945</start><end>950</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0463"><titleInfo><title>Constitutive Fas ligand expression in several non‐lymphoid mouse tissues: Implications for immune‐protection and cell turnover</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LE</namePart><namePart type="family">French</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Tschopp</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">French LE, Tschopp J. Constitutive Fas ligand expression in several non‐lymphoid mouse tissues: Implications for immune‐protection and cell turnover. Behr Inst Mitt 1996; 97:156–160.</note><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>97</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>156</start><end>160</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Behr Inst Mitt</title></titleInfo><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>97</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>156</start><end>160</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0464"><titleInfo><title>Expression of multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes and multidrug resistance‐associated transport proteins in human skin keratinocytes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Baron</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Höller</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Schiffer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Frankenberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Neis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HF</namePart><namePart type="family">Merk</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FK</namePart><namePart type="family">Jugert</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Baron JM, Höller D, Schiffer R, Frankenberg S, Neis M, Merk HF, Jugert FK. Expression of multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes and multidrug resistance‐associated transport proteins in human skin keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2001;116:541–548.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>116</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>541</start><end>548</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Invest Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>116</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>541</start><end>548</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0465"><titleInfo><title>mRNA expression of multiple cytochrome P450 isozymes in four types of cultured skin cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Saeki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Saito</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Nagano</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Teshima</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Ozawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JI</namePart><namePart type="family">Sawada</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Saeki M, Saito Y, Nagano M, Teshima R, Ozawa S, Sawada JI. mRNA expression of multiple cytochrome P450 isozymes in four types of cultured skin cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2002;127:333–336.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>127</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>333</start><end>336</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Int Arch Allergy Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>127</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>333</start><end>336</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0466"><titleInfo><title>Epidermal CYP2 family cytochromes P450</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Du</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SMG</namePart><namePart type="family">Hoffman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DS</namePart><namePart type="family">Keeney</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Du L, Hoffman SMG, Keeney DS. Epidermal CYP2 family cytochromes P450. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004;195:278–287.</note><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>195</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>278</start><end>287</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicol Appl Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>195</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>278</start><end>287</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0467"><titleInfo><title>Human skin and platelet minoxidil sulfotransferase activities: Biochemical properties, correlations and contribution of thermolabile phenol sulfotransferase</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PE</namePart><namePart type="family">Kudlacek</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Anderson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DK</namePart><namePart type="family">Liebentritt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GA</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Huerter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kudlacek PE, Anderson RJ, Liebentritt DK, Johnson GA, Huerter CJ. Human skin and platelet minoxidil sulfotransferase activities: Biochemical properties, correlations and contribution of thermolabile phenol sulfotransferase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995;273:582–590.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>273</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>582</start><end>590</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>273</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>582</start><end>590</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0468"><titleInfo><title>Sulfation of minoxidil by multiple human cytosolic sulfotransferases</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Anderson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PE</namePart><namePart type="family">Kudlacek</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DL</namePart><namePart type="family">Clemens</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Anderson RJ, Kudlacek PE, Clemens DL. Sulfation of minoxidil by multiple human cytosolic sulfotransferases. Chem‐Biol Interact 1998;109:53–67.</note><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>109</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>53</start><end>67</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem‐Biol Interact</title></titleInfo><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>109</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>53</start><end>67</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0469"><titleInfo><title>Bioactivation, protein haptenation, and toxicity of sulfamethoxazole and dapsone in normal human dermal fibroblasts</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Bhaiya</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Roychowdhury</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PM</namePart><namePart type="family">Vyas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MA</namePart><namePart type="family">Doll</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DW</namePart><namePart type="family">Hein</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CK</namePart><namePart type="family">Svensson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Bhaiya P, Roychowdhury S, Vyas PM, Doll MA, Hein DW, Svensson CK. Bioactivation, protein haptenation, and toxicity of sulfamethoxazole and dapsone in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006;215:158–167.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>215</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>158</start><end>167</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicol Appl Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>215</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>158</start><end>167</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0470"><titleInfo><title>Association analysis of drug metabolizing enzyme gene polymorphisms in AIDS patients with cutaneous reactions to sulfonamides [4]</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Wolkenstein</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MA</namePart><namePart type="family">Loriot</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Flahault</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Cadilhac</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Caumes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Eliaszewicz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Beaune</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart><namePart type="family">Roujeau</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O</namePart><namePart type="family">Chosidow</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Wolkenstein P, Loriot MA, Flahault A, Cadilhac M, Caumes E, Eliaszewicz M, Beaune P, Roujeau JC, Chosidow O. Association analysis of drug metabolizing enzyme gene polymorphisms in AIDS patients with cutaneous reactions to sulfonamides [4]. J Invest Dermatol 2005;125:1080–1082.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>125</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1080</start><end>1082</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Invest Dermatol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>125</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1080</start><end>1082</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0471"><titleInfo><title>P450 2C18 catalyzes the metabolic bioactivation of phenytoin</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RT</namePart><namePart type="family">Kinobe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">OT</namePart><namePart type="family">Parkinson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EMJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Gillam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kinobe RT, Parkinson OT, Mitchell DJ, Gillam EMJ. P450 2C18 catalyzes the metabolic bioactivation of phenytoin. Chem Res Toxicol 2005;18:1868–1875.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1868</start><end>1875</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1868</start><end>1875</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0472"><titleInfo><title>Characterization of the formation and localization of sulfamethoxazole and dapsone‐associated drug‐protein adducts in human epidermal keratinocytes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Roychowdhury</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PM</namePart><namePart type="family">Vyas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TP</namePart><namePart type="family">Reilly</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AA</namePart><namePart type="family">Gaspari</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CK</namePart><namePart type="family">Svensson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Roychowdhury S, Vyas PM, Reilly TP, Gaspari AA, Svensson CK. Characterization of the formation and localization of sulfamethoxazole and dapsone‐associated drug‐protein adducts in human epidermal keratinocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005;314:43–52.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>314</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>43</start><end>52</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>314</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>43</start><end>52</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0473"><titleInfo><title>Enzyme‐mediated protein haptenation of dapsone and sulfamethoxazole in human keratinocytes: I. Expression and role of cytochromes P450</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PM</namePart><namePart type="family">Vyas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Roychowdhury</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FD</namePart><namePart type="family">Khan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TE</namePart><namePart type="family">Prisinzano</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Lamba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EG</namePart><namePart type="family">Schuetz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Blaisdell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Goldstein</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KL</namePart><namePart type="family">Munson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RN</namePart><namePart type="family">Hines</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CK</namePart><namePart type="family">Svensson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Vyas PM, Roychowdhury S, Khan FD, Prisinzano TE, Lamba J, Schuetz EG, Blaisdell J, Goldstein JA, Munson KL, Hines RN, Svensson CK. Enzyme‐mediated protein haptenation of dapsone and sulfamethoxazole in human keratinocytes: I. Expression and role of cytochromes P450. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;319:488–496.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>319</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>488</start><end>496</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>319</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>488</start><end>496</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0474"><titleInfo><title>Enzyme‐mediated protein haptenation of dapsone and sulfamethoxazole in human keratinocytes: II. Expression and role of flavin‐containing monooxygenases and peroxidases</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PM</namePart><namePart type="family">Vyas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Roychowdhury</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SB</namePart><namePart type="family">Koukouritaki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RN</namePart><namePart type="family">Hines</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SK</namePart><namePart type="family">Krueger</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DE</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WM</namePart><namePart type="family">Nauseef</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CK</namePart><namePart type="family">Svensson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Vyas PM, Roychowdhury S, Koukouritaki SB, Hines RN, Krueger SK, Williams DE, Nauseef WM, Svensson CK. Enzyme‐mediated protein haptenation of dapsone and sulfamethoxazole in human keratinocytes: II. Expression and role of flavin‐containing monooxygenases and peroxidases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;319:497–505.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>319</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>497</start><end>505</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>319</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>497</start><end>505</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0475"><titleInfo><title>Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) in blood lymphocytes: Evidence for catalytic activity and mRNA expression</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Dey</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Parmar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Dayal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Dhawan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PK</namePart><namePart type="family">Seth</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Dey A, Parmar D, Dayal M, Dhawan A, Seth PK. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) in blood lymphocytes: Evidence for catalytic activity and mRNA expression. Life Sci 2001;69:383–393.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>69</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>383</start><end>393</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Life Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>69</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>383</start><end>393</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0476"><titleInfo><title>Fingerprinting of cytochrome P450 and microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene expression in human blood cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BC</namePart><namePart type="family">Krovat</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JH</namePart><namePart type="family">Tracy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Omiecinski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Krovat BC, Tracy JH, Omiecinski CJ. Fingerprinting of cytochrome P450 and microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene expression in human blood cells. Toxicol Sci 2000;55:352–360.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>55</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>352</start><end>360</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicol Sci</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>55</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>352</start><end>360</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0477"><titleInfo><title>Cytochrome P450 1B1: A major P450 isoenzyme in human blood monocytes and macrophage subsets</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Baron</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Zwadlo‐Klarwasser</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Jugert</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart><namePart type="family">Hamann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Rubben</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Mukhtar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HF</namePart><namePart type="family">Merk</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Baron JM, Zwadlo‐Klarwasser G, Jugert F, Hamann W, Rubben A, Mukhtar H, Merk HF. Cytochrome P450 1B1: A major P450 isoenzyme in human blood monocytes and macrophage subsets. Biochem Pharmacol 1998;56:1105–1110.</note><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>56</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1105</start><end>1110</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>56</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1105</start><end>1110</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0478"><titleInfo><title>Intra‐individual variation and sex differences in gene expression of cytochromes P450 in circulating leukocytes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Finnström</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Ask</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ML</namePart><namePart type="family">Dahl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Gadd</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Rane</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Finnström N, Ask B, Dahl ML, Gadd M, Rane A. Intra‐individual variation and sex differences in gene expression of cytochromes P450 in circulating leukocytes. Pharmacogenomics J 2002;2:111–116.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>111</start><end>116</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Pharmacogenomics J</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>111</start><end>116</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0479"><titleInfo><title>Only truncated, not complete cytochrome P450 2D6 RNA transcript and no detectable enzyme activity are expressed in human lymphocytes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LA</namePart><namePart type="family">McConnachie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Phillips</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Bajpai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DD</namePart><namePart type="family">Shen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RJY</namePart><namePart type="family">Ho</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">McConnachie LA, Phillips B, Bajpai M, Shen DD, Ho RJY. Only truncated, not complete cytochrome P450 2D6 RNA transcript and no detectable enzyme activity are expressed in human lymphocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2003;31:1103–1107.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1103</start><end>1107</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1103</start><end>1107</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0480"><titleInfo><title>The impact of cytokines on the expression of drug transporters, cytochrome P450 enzymes and chemokine receptors in human PBMC</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Liptrott</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Penny</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PG</namePart><namePart type="family">Bray</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Sathish</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SH</namePart><namePart type="family">Khoo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Back</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Owen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Liptrott NJ, Penny M, Bray PG, Sathish J, Khoo SH, Back DJ, Owen A. The impact of cytokines on the expression of drug transporters, cytochrome P450 enzymes and chemokine receptors in human PBMC. Br J Pharmacol 2009;156:497–508.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>156</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>497</start><end>508</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Br J Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>156</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>497</start><end>508</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0481"><titleInfo><title>Myeloperoxidase‐mediated activation of xenobiotics by human leukocytes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AH</namePart><namePart type="family">Hofstra</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Hofstra AH, Uetrecht JP. Myeloperoxidase‐mediated activation of xenobiotics by human leukocytes. Toxicology 1993;82:221–242.</note><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>82</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>221</start><end>242</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicology</title></titleInfo><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>82</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>221</start><end>242</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0482"><titleInfo><title>Prostaglandin H synthases and their importance in chemical toxicity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Vogel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Vogel C. Prostaglandin H synthases and their importance in chemical toxicity. Curr Drug Metab 2000;1:391–404.</note><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>391</start><end>404</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Drug Metab</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>391</start><end>404</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0483"><titleInfo><title>Metabolism of trimethoprim to a reactive iminoquinone methide by activated human neutrophils and hepatic microsomes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WG</namePart><namePart type="family">Lai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Zahid</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Lai WG, Zahid N, Uetrecht JP. Metabolism of trimethoprim to a reactive iminoquinone methide by activated human neutrophils and hepatic microsomes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999;291:292–299.</note><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>291</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>292</start><end>299</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>291</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>292</start><end>299</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0484"><titleInfo><title>N‐Chlorination of sulfamethoxazole and dapsone by the myeloperoxidase system</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NH</namePart><namePart type="family">Shear</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Zahid</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Uetrecht JP, Shear NH, Zahid N. N‐Chlorination of sulfamethoxazole and dapsone by the myeloperoxidase system. Drug Metab Dispos 1993;21:830–834.</note><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>830</start><end>834</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Drug Metab Dispos</title></titleInfo><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>830</start><end>834</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0485"><titleInfo><title>Carbamazepine metabolism to a reactive intermediate by the myeloperoxidase system of activated neutrophils</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SM</namePart><namePart type="family">Furst</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Uetrecht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Furst SM, Uetrecht JP. Carbamazepine metabolism to a reactive intermediate by the myeloperoxidase system of activated neutrophils. Biochem Pharmacol 1993;45:1267–1275.</note><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>45</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1267</start><end>1275</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biochem Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>45</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1267</start><end>1275</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0486"><titleInfo><title>Phagocyte‐mediated oxidation in idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RL</namePart><namePart type="family">Rubin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Kretz‐Rommel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Rubin RL, Kretz‐Rommel A. Phagocyte‐mediated oxidation in idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions. Curr Opin Hematol 2001;8:34–40.</note><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>34</start><end>40</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Opin Hematol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>34</start><end>40</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0487"><titleInfo><title>Role of dendritic cells in drug metabolism</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Mayorga</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">R‐Pena</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Perez‐Cataldo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Castell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Torres</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Antunez</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Chaves</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JV</namePart><namePart type="family">Castell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Blanca</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Mayorga C, R‐Pena R, Perez‐Cataldo G, Castell M, Torres MJ, Antunez C, Chaves P, Castell JV, Blanca M. Role of dendritic cells in drug metabolism. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119:S258–S258.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>119</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>S258</start><end>S258</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Allergy Clin Immunol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>119</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>S258</start><end>S258</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0488"><titleInfo><title>Danger” conditions increase sulfamethoxazole‐protein adduct formation in human antigen‐presenting cells</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SN</namePart><namePart type="family">Lavergne</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HE</namePart><namePart type="family">Callan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Lavergne SN, Wang H, Callan HE, Park BK, Naisbitt DJ. “Danger” conditions increase sulfamethoxazole‐protein adduct formation in human antigen‐presenting cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009;331:372–381.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>331</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>372</start><end>381</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Pharmacol Exp Ther</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>331</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>372</start><end>381</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0489"><titleInfo><title>Autocatalytic inactivation of cytochrome p‐450 and chloroperoxidase by 1‐aminobenzotriazole and other aryne precursors</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PR</namePart><namePart type="family">Ortiz de Montellano</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Mathews</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KC</namePart><namePart type="family">Langry</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ortiz de Montellano PR, Mathews JM, Langry KC. Autocatalytic inactivation of cytochrome p‐450 and chloroperoxidase by 1‐aminobenzotriazole and other aryne precursors. Tetrahedron 1984;40:511–519.</note><part><date>1984</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>40</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>511</start><end>519</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Tetrahedron</title></titleInfo><part><date>1984</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>40</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>511</start><end>519</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0490"><titleInfo><title>A comprehensive listing of bioactivation pathways of organic functional groups</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalgutkar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Gardner</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart><namePart type="family">Obach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CL</namePart><namePart type="family">Shaffer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Callegari</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KR</namePart><namePart type="family">Henne</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart><namePart type="family">Mutlib</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DK</namePart><namePart type="family">Dalvie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">O'Donnell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SP</namePart><namePart type="family">Harriman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kalgutkar AS, Gardner I, Obach RS, Shaffer CL, Callegari E, Henne KR, Mutlib, AE, Dalvie DK, Lee JS, Nakai Y, O'Donnell JP, Harriman SP. A comprehensive listing of bioactivation pathways of organic functional groups. Curr Drug Metab 2005;6:161–225.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>161</start><end>225</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Drug Metab</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>161</start><end>225</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0491"><titleInfo><title>Future of toxicology—Metabolic activation and drug design: Challenges and opportunities in chemical toxicology</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TA</namePart><namePart type="family">Baillie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Baillie TA. Future of toxicology—Metabolic activation and drug design: Challenges and opportunities in chemical toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2006;19:889–893.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>889</start><end>893</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>889</start><end>893</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0492"><titleInfo><title>Role of drug disposition in drug hypersensitivity: A chemical, molecular, and clinical perspective</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohammed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Ketteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Park BK, Pirmohammed M, Ketteringham NR. Role of drug disposition in drug hypersensitivity: A chemical, molecular, and clinical perspective. Chem Res Toxicol 1998;11:969–988.</note><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>969</start><end>988</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>969</start><end>988</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0493"><titleInfo><title>Idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity revisited: New insights from mechanistic toxicology</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">UA</namePart><namePart type="family">Boelsterli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Boelsterli UA. Idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity revisited: New insights from mechanistic toxicology. Toxicol Mech Methods 2003;13:3–20.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3</start><end>20</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicol Mech Methods</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3</start><end>20</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0494"><titleInfo><title>Drug withdrawals and the lessons within</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Schmid</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Smith DA, Schmid E. Drug withdrawals and the lessons within. Curr Opin Drug Discov Dev 2006;9:38–46.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>38</start><end>46</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Opin Drug Discov Dev</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>38</start><end>46</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0495"><titleInfo><title>Applying mechanisms of chemical toxicity to predict drug safety</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FP</namePart><namePart type="family">Guengerich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart><namePart type="family">MacDonald</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Guengerich FP, MacDonald JS. Applying mechanisms of chemical toxicity to predict drug safety. Chem Res Toxicol 2007;20:344–369.</note><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>344</start><end>369</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>344</start><end>369</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0496"><titleInfo><title>Minimising the potential for metabolic activation in drug discovery</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalgutkar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JR</namePart><namePart type="family">Soglia</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Kalgutkar AS, Soglia JR. Minimising the potential for metabolic activation in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2005;1:91–142.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>91</start><end>142</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>91</start><end>142</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0497"><titleInfo><title>Selection of new chemical entities with decreased potential for adverse drug reactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Dalton‐Brown</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Hirst</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Park BK, Dalton‐Brown E, Hirst C, Williams DP. Selection of new chemical entities with decreased potential for adverse drug reactions. Eur J Pharmacol 2006;549:1–8.</note><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>549</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>8</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Eur J Pharmacol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>549</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>8</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0498"><titleInfo><title>Two decades of progress in industrial drug metabolism</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TA</namePart><namePart type="family">Baillie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Baillie TA. Two decades of progress in industrial drug metabolism. Chem Res Toxicol 2008;21:129–137.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>129</start><end>137</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>129</start><end>137</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0499"><titleInfo><title>Approaches for minimizing metabolic activation of new drug candidates in drug discovery</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Kumar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitra</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Kassahun</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TA</namePart><namePart type="family">Baillie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>book-chapter</genre><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Adverse Drug Reactions</title></titleInfo><originInfo><publisher>Springer‐Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>2010</date><extent unit="pages"><start>511</start><end>544</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0500"><titleInfo><title>Are chemically reactive metabolites responsible for adverse reactions to drugs?</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitteringham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Pirmohamed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Williams DP, Kitteringham NR, Naisbitt DJ, Pirmohamed M, Smith DA, Park BK. Are chemically reactive metabolites responsible for adverse reactions to drugs? Curr Drug Metab 2002;3:351–366.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>351</start><end>366</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Curr Drug Metab</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>351</start><end>366</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0501"><titleInfo><title>Recent advances in applications of liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of reactive drug metabolites</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Ma</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Ma S, Zhu M. Recent advances in applications of liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of reactive drug metabolites. Chem‐Biol Interact 2009;179:25–37.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>179</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>25</start><end>37</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem‐Biol Interact</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>179</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>25</start><end>37</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0502"><titleInfo><title>The effect of varying halogen substituent patterns on the cytochrome P450 catalysed dehalogenation of 4‐halogenated anilines to 4‐aminophenol metabolites</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NH</namePart><namePart type="family">Cnubben</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Vervoort</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MG</namePart><namePart type="family">Boersma</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">IM</namePart><namePart type="family">Rietjens</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Cnubben NH, Vervoort J, Boersma MG, Rietjens IM. The effect of varying halogen substituent patterns on the cytochrome P450 catalysed dehalogenation of 4‐halogenated anilines to 4‐aminophenol metabolites. Chem‐Biol Interact 1995;49:1235–1248.</note><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>49</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1235</start><end>1248</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem‐Biol Interact</title></titleInfo><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>49</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1235</start><end>1248</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0503"><titleInfo><title>Mechanisms of idiosyncratic drug reactions: The case of felbamate</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CM</namePart><namePart type="family">Dieckhaus</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CD</namePart><namePart type="family">Thompson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SG</namePart><namePart type="family">Roller</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TL</namePart><namePart type="family">Macdonald</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Dieckhaus CM, Thompson CD, Roller SG, Macdonald TL. Mechanisms of idiosyncratic drug reactions: The case of felbamate. Chem‐Biol Interact 2002;142:99–117.</note><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>142</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>99</start><end>117</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem‐Biol Interact</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>142</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>99</start><end>117</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0504"><titleInfo><title>Stability and comparative metabolism of selected felbamate metabolites and postulated fluorofelbamate metabolites by postmitochondrial suspensions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Parker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NR</namePart><namePart type="family">Hartman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BA</namePart><namePart type="family">Roecklein</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Mortco</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Kupferberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Stables</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Strong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Parker RJ, Hartman NR, Roecklein BA, Mortco H, Kupferberg HJ, Stables J, Strong JM. Stability and comparative metabolism of selected felbamate metabolites and postulated fluorofelbamate metabolites by postmitochondrial suspensions. Chem Res Toxicol 2005;18:1842–1848.</note><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1842</start><end>1848</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1842</start><end>1848</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0505"><titleInfo><title>Third‐generation antiepileptic drugs: Mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and interactions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Luszczki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Luszczki JJ. Third‐generation antiepileptic drugs: Mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and interactions. Pharmacol Rep 2009;61:197–216.</note><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>61</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>197</start><end>216</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Pharmacol Rep</title></titleInfo><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>61</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>197</start><end>216</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0506"><titleInfo><title>Characterization of the in vitro oxidative metabolites of the cox‐2 selective inhibitor L‐766,112</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LA</namePart><namePart type="family">Trimble</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Chauret</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart><namePart type="family">Silva</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Nicoll‐Griffith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C‐S</namePart><namePart type="family">Li</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart><namePart type="family">Yergey</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Trimble LA, Chauret N, Silva JM, Nicoll‐Griffith DA, Li C‐S, Yergey JA. Characterization of the in vitro oxidative metabolites of the cox‐2 selective inhibitor L‐766,112. Biorg Med Chem Lett 1997;7:53–56.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>53</start><end>56</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biorg Med Chem Lett</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>53</start><end>56</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0507"><titleInfo><title>A new series of selective cox‐2 inhibitors: 5,6‐Diarylthiazolo[3,2‐b][1,2,4]triazoles</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Roy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Leblanc</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RG</namePart><namePart type="family">Ball</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Brideau</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CC</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Chauret</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart><namePart type="family">Cromlish</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Ethier</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JY</namePart><namePart type="family">Gauthier</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Gordon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Greig</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Guay</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Kargman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CK</namePart><namePart type="family">Lau</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">O'Neill</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Silva</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Thérien</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">van Staden</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Wong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Xu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Prasit</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Roy P, Leblanc Y, Ball RG, Brideau C, Chan CC, Chauret N, Cromlish W, Ethier D, Gauthier JY, Gordon R, Greig G, Guay J, Kargman S, Lau CK, O'Neill G, Silva J, Thérien M, van Staden C, Wong E, Xu L, Prasit P. A new series of selective cox‐2 inhibitors: 5,6‐Diarylthiazolo[3,2‐b][1,2,4]triazoles. Biorg Med Chem Lett 1997;7:57–62.</note><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>57</start><end>62</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biorg Med Chem Lett</title></titleInfo><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>57</start><end>62</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0508"><titleInfo><title>Addressing the metabolic activation of potential new leads in drug discovery: A case study using ion trap mass spectrometry and tritium labeling techniques</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Samuel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart><namePart type="family">Yin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RA</namePart><namePart type="family">Stearns</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YS</namePart><namePart type="family">Tang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AG</namePart><namePart type="family">Chaudhary</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart><namePart type="family">Jewell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Lanza</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LS</namePart><namePart type="family">Lin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WK</namePart><namePart type="family">Hagmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DC</namePart><namePart type="family">Evans</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Kumar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Samuel K, Yin W, Stearns RA, Tang YS, Chaudhary AG, Jewell JP, Lanza T, Lin LS, Hagmann WK, Evans DC, Kumar S. Addressing the metabolic activation of potential new leads in drug discovery: A case study using ion trap mass spectrometry and tritium labeling techniques. J Mass Spectrom 2003;38:211–221.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>38</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>211</start><end>221</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Mass Spectrom</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>38</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>211</start><end>221</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0509"><titleInfo><title>The many roles for fluorine in medicinal chemistry</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WK</namePart><namePart type="family">Hagmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Hagmann WK. The many roles for fluorine in medicinal chemistry. J Med Chem 2008;51:4359–4369.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>51</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4359</start><end>4369</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Med Chem</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>51</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4359</start><end>4369</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0510"><titleInfo><title>In vitro metabolism and covalent binding of enol‐carboxamide derivatives and anti‐inflammatory agents sudoxicam and meloxicam: Insights into the hepatotoxicity of sudoxicam</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart><namePart type="family">Obach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalgutkar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TF</namePart><namePart type="family">Ryder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GS</namePart><namePart type="family">Walker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Obach RS, Kalgutkar AS, Ryder TF, Walker GS. In vitro metabolism and covalent binding of enol‐carboxamide derivatives and anti‐inflammatory agents sudoxicam and meloxicam: Insights into the hepatotoxicity of sudoxicam. Chem Res Toxicol 2008;21:1890–1899.</note><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1890</start><end>1899</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1890</start><end>1899</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0511"><titleInfo><title>Design and synthesis of conformationally constrained N,N‐disubstituted 1,4‐diazepanes as potent orexin receptor antagonists</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Coleman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart><namePart type="family">Schreier</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GB</namePart><namePart type="family">McGaughey</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Bogusky</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CD</namePart><namePart type="family">Cox</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GD</namePart><namePart type="family">Hartman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RG</namePart><namePart type="family">Ball</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CM</namePart><namePart type="family">Harrell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DR</namePart><namePart type="family">Reiss</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Prueksaritanont</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Winrow</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Renger</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Coleman PJ, Schreier JD, McGaughey GB, Bogusky MJ, Cox CD, Hartman GD, Ball RG, Harrell CM, Reiss DR, Prueksaritanont T, Winrow CJ, Renger JJ. Design and synthesis of conformationally constrained N,N‐disubstituted 1,4‐diazepanes as potent orexin receptor antagonists. Biorg Med Chem Lett 2010;20:2311–2315.</note><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2311</start><end>2315</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biorg Med Chem Lett</title></titleInfo><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2311</start><end>2315</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0512"><titleInfo><title>Metabolic activation of a pyrazinone‐containing thrombin inhibitor. Evidence for novel biotransformation involving pyrazinone ring oxidation, rearrangement, and covalent binding to proteins</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Singh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MV</namePart><namePart type="family">Silva Elipe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PG</namePart><namePart type="family">Pearson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BH</namePart><namePart type="family">Arison</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Wong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">White</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart><namePart type="family">Yu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CS</namePart><namePart type="family">Burgey</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JH</namePart><namePart type="family">Lin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TA</namePart><namePart type="family">Baillie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Singh R, Silva Elipe MV, Pearson PG, Arison BH, Wong BK, White R, Yu X, Burgey CS, Lin JH, Baillie TA. Metabolic activation of a pyrazinone‐containing thrombin inhibitor. Evidence for novel biotransformation involving pyrazinone ring oxidation, rearrangement, and covalent binding to proteins. Chem Res Toxicol 2003;16:198–207.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>16</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>198</start><end>207</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>16</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>198</start><end>207</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0513"><titleInfo><title>Structural alert/reactive metabolite concept as applied in medicinal chemistry to mitigate the risk of idiosyncratic drug toxicity: A perspective based on the critical examination of trend in the top 200 drugs marketed in the United States</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AF</namePart><namePart type="family">Stepan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Walker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Bauman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Price</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TA</namePart><namePart type="family">Baillie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS</namePart><namePart type="family">Kalgutkar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MD</namePart><namePart type="family">Aleo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Stepan AF, Walker DP, Bauman J, Price DA, Baillie TA, Kalgutkar AS, Aleo MD. Structural alert/reactive metabolite concept as applied in medicinal chemistry to mitigate the risk of idiosyncratic drug toxicity: A perspective based on the critical examination of trend in the top 200 drugs marketed in the United States. Chem Res Toxicol 2011;24:1345–1410.</note><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1345</start><end>1410</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chem Res Toxicol</title></titleInfo><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1345</start><end>1410</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="med21273-cit-0514"><titleInfo><title>Managing the challenge of chemically reactive metabolites in drug development</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BK</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Boobis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Clarke</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CEP</namePart><namePart type="family">Goldring</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Jones</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JG</namePart><namePart type="family">Kenna</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Lambert</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HG</namePart><namePart type="family">Laverty</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Naisbitt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Nelson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Nicoll‐Griffith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart><namePart type="family">Obach</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Routledge</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DA</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Tweedie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Vermeulen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DP</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ID</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TA</namePart><namePart type="family">Baillie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Park BK, Boobis A, Clarke S, Goldring CEP, Jones D, Kenna JG, Lambert C, Laverty HG, Naisbitt DJ, Nelson S, Nicoll‐Griffith DA, Obach RS, Routledge P, Smith DA, Tweedie DJ, Vermeulen N, Williams DP, Wilson ID, Baillie TA. Managing the challenge of chemically reactive metabolites in drug development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2011;10:292–306.</note><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>292</start><end>306</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Nat Rev Drug Discov</title></titleInfo><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>292</start><end>306</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">5B8B84BF28C756A32B9EF6F3E864219FC5600AC0</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-SNL1QDCP-7</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/med.21273</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">MED21273</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Converted from (version ) to MODS version 3.6.</recordOrigin><recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2019-11-15</recordCreationDate></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-SNL1QDCP-7/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/StressCovidV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001B66 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 001B66 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= StressCovidV1
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:5B8B84BF28C756A32B9EF6F3E864219FC5600AC0
|texte= The Generation, Detection, and Effects of Reactive Drug Metabolites
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |