Neurochemical adaptation to cocaine abuse: reduction of N-acetyl aspartate in thalamus of human cocaine abusers
Identifieur interne : 000780 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000779; suivant : 000781Neurochemical adaptation to cocaine abuse: reduction of N-acetyl aspartate in thalamus of human cocaine abusers
Auteurs : Shi-Jiang Li ; Yonker Wang ; John Pankiewicz ; Elliot A. SteinSource :
- Biological Psychiatry [ 0006-3223 ] ; 1999.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Teeft :
- Abuser, Acute cocaine administration, Aids dementia, Anatomic localizer image, Basal, Basal ganglia, Biol, Biol psychiatry, Biophysics research institute, Cerebral atrophy, Cerebral metabolites, Cerebral vasculitis, Chronic cocaine, Chronic cocaine users, Cocaine, Cocaine abuse, Cocaine abusers, Cocaine addiction, Cocaine dependence, Cocaine group, Cocaine user, Cocaine users, Control group, Control subjects, Control volunteer, Detoxified subjects, Dopamine, Early withdrawal, Ganglion, Habitual cocaine abusers, Human brain, Imaging, Internal capsule, Localized, Localized proton, Magn, Magn reson, Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Medical college, Metabolic, Metabolic concentrations, Metabolic ratios, Metabolism, Multiple sclerosis, Neurochemical, Neuron, Neuronal, Neuronal dysregulation, Neuronal loss, Neuronal viability, Neurosci biobehav, Normal control subjects, Normal volunteer, Polydrug abusers, Polysubstance abusers, Possible mechanisms, Present study, Proton, Psychiatry, Receptor availability, Reson, Resonance spectroscopy, Smrm meeting, Social phobia, Spectroscopy, Spgr images, Spgr surface coil image, Striatal dopaminergic responsiveness, Synaptic density, Thalamus, Tomography study, User, Vivo proton, Volkow, Water signal.
Abstract
Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to determine the existence of, and possible mechanisms for, chronic cocaine use-induced neurotoxicity in the human brain. Because in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a noninvasive way to detect biochemical and physiological changes in the brain, we sought to specifically determine the neurochemical adaptations in chronic cocaine-dependent subjects.Methods: Twenty-one cocaine users and 13 non–drug-using, age-matched normal volunteers were recruited for an in vivo proton MRS study. Following screening that included physical examination, histories, and blood testing, cocaine group subjects received a spectral scan on a 1.5-T GE Signa scanner. Spectra were obtained from the left basal ganglia and/or the left thalamus from subjects in both groups using an rf bird-cage type head coil with single-voxel localization.Results: The level of N-acetyl aspartate in the region of left thalamus was lower (17%) in the chronic cocaine user group but not in the region of left basal ganglia, compared with the control group.Conclusions: These results suggest that chronic cocaine use may induce abnormal neurochemical activity and a state of neuronal dysregulation and/or neurotoxicity. It will now be important to determine if these alterations are reversible during withdrawal and what the functional implications of this observation are with respect to cognitive function and drug relapse.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00230-3
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:D70EFA9BCF79CC65D1C5ABCF3836DB2EAA93B029Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Neurochemical adaptation to cocaine abuse: reduction of N-acetyl aspartate in thalamus of human cocaine abusers</title><author><name sortKey="Li, Shi Jiang" sort="Li, Shi Jiang" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shi-Jiang" last="Li">Shi-Jiang Li</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Address reprint requests to Dr. Shi-Jiang Li, Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0509USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yonker" sort="Wang, Yonker" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yonker" last="Wang">Yonker Wang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pankiewicz, John" sort="Pankiewicz, John" uniqKey="Pankiewicz J" first="John" last="Pankiewicz">John Pankiewicz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry (JP, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, Elliot A" sort="Stein, Elliot A" uniqKey="Stein E" first="Elliot A" last="Stein">Elliot A. Stein</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry (JP, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology (EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:D70EFA9BCF79CC65D1C5ABCF3836DB2EAA93B029</idno><date when="1999" year="1999">1999</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00230-3</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-V3MC1QM3-0/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000780</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000780</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Neurochemical adaptation to cocaine abuse: reduction of N-acetyl aspartate in thalamus of human cocaine abusers</title><author><name sortKey="Li, Shi Jiang" sort="Li, Shi Jiang" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shi-Jiang" last="Li">Shi-Jiang Li</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Address reprint requests to Dr. Shi-Jiang Li, Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0509USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yonker" sort="Wang, Yonker" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yonker" last="Wang">Yonker Wang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pankiewicz, John" sort="Pankiewicz, John" uniqKey="Pankiewicz J" first="John" last="Pankiewicz">John Pankiewicz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry (JP, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, Elliot A" sort="Stein, Elliot A" uniqKey="Stein E" first="Elliot A" last="Stein">Elliot A. Stein</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry (JP, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology (EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Biological Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">BPS</title><idno type="ISSN">0006-3223</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1999">1999</date><biblScope unit="volume">45</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1481">1481</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1487">1487</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0006-3223</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0006-3223</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy</term><term>N-acetylaspartate</term><term>basal ganglia</term><term>cocaine</term><term>creatine</term><term>thalamus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Abuser</term><term>Acute cocaine administration</term><term>Aids dementia</term><term>Anatomic localizer image</term><term>Basal</term><term>Basal ganglia</term><term>Biol</term><term>Biol psychiatry</term><term>Biophysics research institute</term><term>Cerebral atrophy</term><term>Cerebral metabolites</term><term>Cerebral vasculitis</term><term>Chronic cocaine</term><term>Chronic cocaine users</term><term>Cocaine</term><term>Cocaine abuse</term><term>Cocaine abusers</term><term>Cocaine addiction</term><term>Cocaine dependence</term><term>Cocaine group</term><term>Cocaine user</term><term>Cocaine users</term><term>Control group</term><term>Control subjects</term><term>Control volunteer</term><term>Detoxified subjects</term><term>Dopamine</term><term>Early withdrawal</term><term>Ganglion</term><term>Habitual cocaine abusers</term><term>Human brain</term><term>Imaging</term><term>Internal capsule</term><term>Localized</term><term>Localized proton</term><term>Magn</term><term>Magn reson</term><term>Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging</term><term>Magnetic resonance spectroscopy</term><term>Medical college</term><term>Metabolic</term><term>Metabolic concentrations</term><term>Metabolic ratios</term><term>Metabolism</term><term>Multiple sclerosis</term><term>Neurochemical</term><term>Neuron</term><term>Neuronal</term><term>Neuronal dysregulation</term><term>Neuronal loss</term><term>Neuronal viability</term><term>Neurosci biobehav</term><term>Normal control subjects</term><term>Normal volunteer</term><term>Polydrug abusers</term><term>Polysubstance abusers</term><term>Possible mechanisms</term><term>Present study</term><term>Proton</term><term>Psychiatry</term><term>Receptor availability</term><term>Reson</term><term>Resonance spectroscopy</term><term>Smrm meeting</term><term>Social phobia</term><term>Spectroscopy</term><term>Spgr images</term><term>Spgr surface coil image</term><term>Striatal dopaminergic responsiveness</term><term>Synaptic density</term><term>Thalamus</term><term>Tomography study</term><term>User</term><term>Vivo proton</term><term>Volkow</term><term>Water signal</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to determine the existence of, and possible mechanisms for, chronic cocaine use-induced neurotoxicity in the human brain. Because in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a noninvasive way to detect biochemical and physiological changes in the brain, we sought to specifically determine the neurochemical adaptations in chronic cocaine-dependent subjects.Methods: Twenty-one cocaine users and 13 non–drug-using, age-matched normal volunteers were recruited for an in vivo proton MRS study. Following screening that included physical examination, histories, and blood testing, cocaine group subjects received a spectral scan on a 1.5-T GE Signa scanner. Spectra were obtained from the left basal ganglia and/or the left thalamus from subjects in both groups using an rf bird-cage type head coil with single-voxel localization.Results: The level of N-acetyl aspartate in the region of left thalamus was lower (17%) in the chronic cocaine user group but not in the region of left basal ganglia, compared with the control group.Conclusions: These results suggest that chronic cocaine use may induce abnormal neurochemical activity and a state of neuronal dysregulation and/or neurotoxicity. It will now be important to determine if these alterations are reversible during withdrawal and what the functional implications of this observation are with respect to cognitive function and drug relapse.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>cocaine</json:string><json:string>thalamus</json:string><json:string>basal</json:string><json:string>ganglion</json:string><json:string>abuser</json:string><json:string>basal ganglia</json:string><json:string>magn</json:string><json:string>magn reson</json:string><json:string>human brain</json:string><json:string>reson</json:string><json:string>volkow</json:string><json:string>biol</json:string><json:string>cocaine users</json:string><json:string>control subjects</json:string><json:string>neurochemical</json:string><json:string>dopamine</json:string><json:string>neuronal</json:string><json:string>cocaine abusers</json:string><json:string>biol psychiatry</json:string><json:string>control volunteer</json:string><json:string>cocaine abuse</json:string><json:string>localized</json:string><json:string>cocaine user</json:string><json:string>present study</json:string><json:string>resonance spectroscopy</json:string><json:string>chronic cocaine</json:string><json:string>neuron</json:string><json:string>normal control subjects</json:string><json:string>localized proton</json:string><json:string>cocaine dependence</json:string><json:string>water signal</json:string><json:string>polysubstance abusers</json:string><json:string>chronic cocaine users</json:string><json:string>spectroscopy</json:string><json:string>psychiatry</json:string><json:string>proton</json:string><json:string>user</json:string><json:string>normal volunteer</json:string><json:string>medical college</json:string><json:string>biophysics research institute</json:string><json:string>cerebral atrophy</json:string><json:string>control group</json:string><json:string>smrm meeting</json:string><json:string>cocaine group</json:string><json:string>habitual cocaine abusers</json:string><json:string>magnetic resonance spectroscopy</json:string><json:string>spgr images</json:string><json:string>internal capsule</json:string><json:string>cerebral vasculitis</json:string><json:string>spgr surface coil image</json:string><json:string>vivo proton</json:string><json:string>tomography study</json:string><json:string>magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging</json:string><json:string>early withdrawal</json:string><json:string>anatomic localizer image</json:string><json:string>metabolic ratios</json:string><json:string>polydrug abusers</json:string><json:string>metabolic concentrations</json:string><json:string>receptor availability</json:string><json:string>neuronal viability</json:string><json:string>multiple sclerosis</json:string><json:string>neuronal loss</json:string><json:string>synaptic density</json:string><json:string>neuronal dysregulation</json:string><json:string>aids dementia</json:string><json:string>social phobia</json:string><json:string>acute cocaine administration</json:string><json:string>neurosci biobehav</json:string><json:string>striatal dopaminergic responsiveness</json:string><json:string>detoxified subjects</json:string><json:string>cocaine addiction</json:string><json:string>possible mechanisms</json:string><json:string>cerebral metabolites</json:string><json:string>imaging</json:string><json:string>metabolic</json:string><json:string>metabolism</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Shi-Jiang Li</name><affiliations><json:string>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</json:string><json:string>Address reprint requests to Dr. Shi-Jiang Li, Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0509USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yonker Wang</name><affiliations><json:string>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>John Pankiewicz</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Psychiatry (JP, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Elliot A Stein</name><affiliations><json:string>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</json:string><json:string>Department of Psychiatry (JP, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</json:string><json:string>Department of Pharmacology (EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cocaine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>creatine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>N-acetylaspartate</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>thalamus</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>basal ganglia</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>5621</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/6H6-V3MC1QM3-0</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to determine the existence of, and possible mechanisms for, chronic cocaine use-induced neurotoxicity in the human brain. Because in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a noninvasive way to detect biochemical and physiological changes in the brain, we sought to specifically determine the neurochemical adaptations in chronic cocaine-dependent subjects.Methods: Twenty-one cocaine users and 13 non–drug-using, age-matched normal volunteers were recruited for an in vivo proton MRS study. Following screening that included physical examination, histories, and blood testing, cocaine group subjects received a spectral scan on a 1.5-T GE Signa scanner. Spectra were obtained from the left basal ganglia and/or the left thalamus from subjects in both groups using an rf bird-cage type head coil with single-voxel localization.Results: The level of N-acetyl aspartate in the region of left thalamus was lower (17%) in the chronic cocaine user group but not in the region of left basal ganglia, compared with the control group.Conclusions: These results suggest that chronic cocaine use may induce abnormal neurochemical activity and a state of neuronal dysregulation and/or neurotoxicity. It will now be important to determine if these alterations are reversible during withdrawal and what the functional implications of this observation are with respect to cognitive function and drug relapse.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.708</score><pdfWordCount>4188</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>26458</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>586 x 786 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>210</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1454</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>6</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Neurochemical adaptation to cocaine abuse: reduction of N-acetyl aspartate in thalamus of human cocaine abusers</title><pmid><json:string>10356631</json:string></pmid><pii><json:string>S0006-3223(98)00230-3</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><title>Biological Psychiatry</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><publicationDate>1999</publicationDate><issn><json:string>0006-3223</json:string></issn><pii><json:string>S0006-3223(00)X0109-6</json:string></pii><volume>45</volume><issue>11</issue><pages><first>1481</first><last>1487</last></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>1999</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>EAS</json:string><json:string>Medical Advances, Inc., Milwaukee</json:string><json:string>and Department of Pharmacology</json:string><json:string>GE Medical Systems</json:string><json:string>General Clinical Research Center</json:string><json:string>Department of Psychiatry</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>Hollis Brunner</json:string><json:string>P.O. Box</json:string><json:string>Alan Bloom</json:string><json:string>Spectroscopy Experiments</json:string><json:string>Shi-Jiang Li</json:string><json:string>In</json:string><json:string>Cho Cho</json:string><json:string>Lori Sperry</json:string><json:string>John Pankiewicz</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Waukesha</json:string><json:string>Milwaukee</json:string><json:string>Watertown</json:string><json:string>WI</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Volkow et al 1997</json:string><json:string>Davies et al 1987</json:string><json:string>Arnold et al 1992</json:string><json:string>Bruhn et al 1989</json:string><json:string>Birken and Oldendorf 1989</json:string><json:string>Christensen et al 1996</json:string><json:string>Chang et al 1994</json:string><json:string>Vion-Dury et al 1995</json:string><json:string>Krendel et al 1990</json:string><json:string>Volkow et al (1991, 1992)</json:string><json:string>Dackis and Gold 1985</json:string><json:string>SklairTavron et al 1996</json:string><json:string>MacKay et al 1993</json:string><json:string>Breiter et al (1997)</json:string><json:string>Fleming and Lowry 1966</json:string><json:string>Capella et al 1987</json:string><json:string>Sappey-Marinier et al 1992</json:string><json:string>Kalivas et al 1988</json:string><json:string>Lim and Spielman 1997</json:string><json:string>PascualLeone et al 1991</json:string><json:string>McIntosh and Cooper 1965</json:string><json:string>Strickland et al 1993</json:string><json:string>Miller et al 1993</json:string><json:string>Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701</json:string><json:string>Holshouser et al 1995</json:string><json:string>Seaman 1990</json:string><json:string>Masliah et al 1991</json:string><json:string>Frahm et al 1989b</json:string><json:string>Tsai and Coyle 1995</json:string><json:string>J. Li et al</json:string><json:string>Skolnick 1993</json:string><json:string>Meyerhoff et al 1993</json:string><json:string>Reichelt and Fonnum 1969</json:string><json:string>Volkow et al 1993</json:string><json:string>De Stefano et al 1992</json:string><json:string>Bottomley 1984</json:string><json:string>Davidson et al 1993</json:string><json:string>Frahm et al 1989a</json:string><json:string>Roebuck et al 1993</json:string><json:string>Lowenstein et al 1987</json:string><json:string>Kreis et al 1993</json:string><json:string>Kleven et al 1988</json:string><json:string>Volkow et al (1997)</json:string><json:string>McIntosh and Cooper (1964)</json:string><json:string>Ebisu et al 1992</json:string><json:string>Pascual-Leone et al 1991</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/6H6-V3MC1QM3-0</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - social science</json:string><json:string>2 - psychiatry</json:string><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - neurosciences</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - health sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - clinical medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - psychiatry</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Neuroscience</json:string><json:string>3 - Biological Psychiatry</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>1999</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1999</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00230-3</json:string></doi><id>D70EFA9BCF79CC65D1C5ABCF3836DB2EAA93B029</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-V3MC1QM3-0/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-V3MC1QM3-0/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-V3MC1QM3-0/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Neurochemical adaptation to cocaine abuse: reduction of N-acetyl aspartate in thalamus of human cocaine abusers</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher scheme="https://scientific-publisher.data.istex.fr">ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><licence><p>©1999 Society of Biological Psychiatry</p></licence><p scheme="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</p></availability><date>1999</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="research-article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</note><note type="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note><note type="content">Section title: Original Articles</note><note type="content">Figure 1: SPGR T1-weighted surface coil image depicts the single-voxel localizer from a control volunteer (A), and spectra obtained from the left basal ganglia of a normal volunteer (B) and a cocaine user (C).</note><note type="content">Figure 2: SPGR T1-weighted surface coil image depicts the single-voxel localizer from a control volunteer (A), and spectra obtained from the left thalamus of a normal volunteer (B) and a cocaine user (C).</note><note type="content">Figure 3: Normalized NAA levels in the region of left thalamus of cocaine subjects (shaded colums) are significantly lower (∗∗p < .001) than of control subjects (blank columns), whereas Cr and Cho levels remain relatively constant between groups.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Comparison of Ratios of Metabolic Concentrations in Basal Ganglia between Healthy Human Volunteers and Cocaine Users</note><note type="content">Table 2: Comparison of Ratios of Metabolic Concentrations in Thalamus Region between Healthy Human Volunteers and Cocaine Users</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Neurochemical adaptation to cocaine abuse: reduction of N-acetyl aspartate in thalamus of human cocaine abusers</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Shi-Jiang</forename><surname>Li</surname></persName><affiliation>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</affiliation><affiliation>Address reprint requests to Dr. Shi-Jiang Li, Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0509USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Yonker</forename><surname>Wang</surname></persName><affiliation>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">John</forename><surname>Pankiewicz</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry (JP, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Elliot A</forename><surname>Stein</surname></persName><affiliation>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry (JP, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Pharmacology (EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">D70EFA9BCF79CC65D1C5ABCF3836DB2EAA93B029</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-V3MC1QM3-0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00230-3</idno><idno type="PII">S0006-3223(98)00230-3</idno><idno type="article-id">5621</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Biological Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">BPS</title><idno type="pISSN">0006-3223</idno><idno type="PII">S0006-3223(00)X0109-6</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1999"></date><biblScope unit="volume">45</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1481">1481</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1487">1487</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1999</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to determine the existence of, and possible mechanisms for, chronic cocaine use-induced neurotoxicity in the human brain. Because in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a noninvasive way to detect biochemical and physiological changes in the brain, we sought to specifically determine the neurochemical adaptations in chronic cocaine-dependent subjects.Methods: Twenty-one cocaine users and 13 non–drug-using, age-matched normal volunteers were recruited for an in vivo proton MRS study. Following screening that included physical examination, histories, and blood testing, cocaine group subjects received a spectral scan on a 1.5-T GE Signa scanner. Spectra were obtained from the left basal ganglia and/or the left thalamus from subjects in both groups using an rf bird-cage type head coil with single-voxel localization.Results: The level of N-acetyl aspartate in the region of left thalamus was lower (17%) in the chronic cocaine user group but not in the region of left basal ganglia, compared with the control group.Conclusions: These results suggest that chronic cocaine use may induce abnormal neurochemical activity and a state of neuronal dysregulation and/or neurotoxicity. It will now be important to determine if these alterations are reversible during withdrawal and what the functional implications of this observation are with respect to cognitive function and drug relapse.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy</term></item><item><term>cocaine</term></item><item><term>creatine</term></item><item><term>N-acetylaspartate</term></item><item><term>thalamus</term></item><item><term>basal ganglia</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1998-06-08">Modified</change><change when="1999">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-V3MC1QM3-0/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="GR1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="GR2"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr3" NDATA="IMAGE" name="GR3"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="en"><item-info><jid>BPS</jid><aid>5621</aid><ce:pii>S0006-3223(98)00230-3</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00230-3</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="society" year="1999">Society of Biological Psychiatry</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:dochead><ce:textfn>Original Articles</ce:textfn></ce:dochead><ce:title>Neurochemical adaptation to cocaine abuse: reduction of N-acetyl aspartate in thalamus of human cocaine abusers</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Shi-Jiang</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Li</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup loc="post">a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Yonker</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Wang</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup loc="post">a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>John</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Pankiewicz</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup loc="post">b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Elliot A</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Stein</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup loc="post">a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup loc="post">b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF3"><ce:sup loc="post">c</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Psychiatry (JP, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF3"><ce:label>c</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Pharmacology (EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Address reprint requests to Dr. Shi-Jiang Li, Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0509USA</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="27" month="2" year="1998"></ce:date-received><ce:date-revised day="8" month="6" year="1998"></ce:date-revised><ce:date-accepted day="24" month="6" year="1998"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract class="author"><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para view="all" id="simple-para.0035">Background: The aim of this study was to determine the existence of, and possible mechanisms for, chronic cocaine use-induced neurotoxicity in the human brain. Because in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a noninvasive way to detect biochemical and physiological changes in the brain, we sought to specifically determine the neurochemical adaptations in chronic cocaine-dependent subjects.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para view="all" id="simple-para.0040">Methods: Twenty-one cocaine users and 13 non–drug-using, age-matched normal volunteers were recruited for an in vivo proton MRS study. Following screening that included physical examination, histories, and blood testing, cocaine group subjects received a spectral scan on a 1.5-T GE Signa scanner. Spectra were obtained from the left basal ganglia and/or the left thalamus from subjects in both groups using an rf bird-cage type head coil with single-voxel localization.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para view="all" id="simple-para.0045">Results: The level of N-acetyl aspartate in the region of left thalamus was lower (17%) in the chronic cocaine user group but not in the region of left basal ganglia, compared with the control group.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para view="all" id="simple-para.0050">Conclusions: These results suggest that chronic cocaine use may induce abnormal neurochemical activity and a state of neuronal dysregulation and/or neurotoxicity. It will now be important to determine if these alterations are reversible during withdrawal and what the functional implications of this observation are with respect to cognitive function and drug relapse.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>cocaine</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>creatine</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>N-acetylaspartate</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>thalamus</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>basal ganglia</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Neurochemical adaptation to cocaine abuse: reduction of N-acetyl aspartate in thalamus of human cocaine abusers</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Neurochemical adaptation to cocaine abuse: reduction of N-acetyl aspartate in thalamus of human cocaine abusers</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Shi-Jiang</namePart><namePart type="family">Li</namePart><affiliation>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</affiliation><affiliation>Address reprint requests to Dr. Shi-Jiang Li, Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0509USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yonker</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><affiliation>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John</namePart><namePart type="family">Pankiewicz</namePart><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry (JP, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Elliot A</namePart><namePart type="family">Stein</namePart><affiliation>Biophysics Research Institute (SJL, YW, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry (JP, EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Pharmacology (EAS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1999</dateIssued><dateModified encoding="w3cdtf">1998-06-08</dateModified><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1999</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to determine the existence of, and possible mechanisms for, chronic cocaine use-induced neurotoxicity in the human brain. Because in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a noninvasive way to detect biochemical and physiological changes in the brain, we sought to specifically determine the neurochemical adaptations in chronic cocaine-dependent subjects.Methods: Twenty-one cocaine users and 13 non–drug-using, age-matched normal volunteers were recruited for an in vivo proton MRS study. Following screening that included physical examination, histories, and blood testing, cocaine group subjects received a spectral scan on a 1.5-T GE Signa scanner. Spectra were obtained from the left basal ganglia and/or the left thalamus from subjects in both groups using an rf bird-cage type head coil with single-voxel localization.Results: The level of N-acetyl aspartate in the region of left thalamus was lower (17%) in the chronic cocaine user group but not in the region of left basal ganglia, compared with the control group.Conclusions: These results suggest that chronic cocaine use may induce abnormal neurochemical activity and a state of neuronal dysregulation and/or neurotoxicity. It will now be important to determine if these alterations are reversible during withdrawal and what the functional implications of this observation are with respect to cognitive function and drug relapse.</abstract><note type="content">Section title: Original Articles</note><note type="content">Figure 1: SPGR T1-weighted surface coil image depicts the single-voxel localizer from a control volunteer (A), and spectra obtained from the left basal ganglia of a normal volunteer (B) and a cocaine user (C).</note><note type="content">Figure 2: SPGR T1-weighted surface coil image depicts the single-voxel localizer from a control volunteer (A), and spectra obtained from the left thalamus of a normal volunteer (B) and a cocaine user (C).</note><note type="content">Figure 3: Normalized NAA levels in the region of left thalamus of cocaine subjects (shaded colums) are significantly lower (∗∗p < .001) than of control subjects (blank columns), whereas Cr and Cho levels remain relatively constant between groups.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Comparison of Ratios of Metabolic Concentrations in Basal Ganglia between Healthy Human Volunteers and Cocaine Users</note><note type="content">Table 2: Comparison of Ratios of Metabolic Concentrations in Thalamus Region between Healthy Human Volunteers and Cocaine Users</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy</topic><topic>cocaine</topic><topic>creatine</topic><topic>N-acetylaspartate</topic><topic>thalamus</topic><topic>basal ganglia</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biological Psychiatry</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>BPS</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1999</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0006-3223</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0006-3223(00)X0109-6</identifier><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><number>45</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>11</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue-pages"><start>1393</start><end>1530</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>1481</start><end>1487</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">D70EFA9BCF79CC65D1C5ABCF3836DB2EAA93B029</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-V3MC1QM3-0</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00230-3</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0006-3223(98)00230-3</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">5621</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©1999 Society of Biological Psychiatry</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Society of Biological Psychiatry, ©1999</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-V3MC1QM3-0/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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