Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ferrets.
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Auteurs : Young-Il Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Seong-Gyu Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Se-Mi Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Eun-Ha Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Su-Jin Park [Corée du Sud] ; Kwang-Min Yu [Corée du Sud] ; Jae-Hyung Chang [Corée du Sud] ; Eun Ji Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Seunghun Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Mark Anthony B. Casel [Corée du Sud] ; Jihye Um [Corée du Sud] ; Min-Suk Song [Corée du Sud] ; Hye Won Jeong [Corée du Sud] ; Van Dam Lai [Corée du Sud] ; Yeonjae Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Bum Sik Chin [Corée du Sud] ; Jun-Sun Park [Corée du Sud] ; Ki-Hyun Chung [Corée du Sud] ; Suan-Sin Foo [États-Unis] ; Haryoung Poo [Corée du Sud] ; In-Pil Mo [Corée du Sud] ; Ok-Jun Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Richard J. Webby [États-Unis] ; Jae U. Jung [États-Unis] ; Young Ki Choi [Corée du Sud]Source :
- Cell host & microbe [ 1934-6069 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and rapidly spread worldwide. To prevent SARS-CoV-2 dissemination, understanding the in vivo characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 is a high priority. We report a ferret model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission that recapitulates aspects of human disease. SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets exhibit elevated body temperatures and virus replication. Although fatalities were not observed, SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets shed virus in nasal washes, saliva, urine, and feces up to 8 days post-infection. At 2 days post-contact, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in all naive direct contact ferrets. Furthermore, a few naive indirect contact ferrets were positive for viral RNA, suggesting airborne transmission. Viral antigens were detected in nasal turbinate, trachea, lungs, and intestine with acute bronchiolitis present in infected lungs. Thus, ferrets represent an infection and transmission animal model of COVID-19 that may facilitate development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines.
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.023
PubMed: 32259477
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Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Su Jin" sort="Park, Su Jin" uniqKey="Park S" first="Su-Jin" last="Park">Su-Jin Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Kwang Min" sort="Yu, Kwang Min" uniqKey="Yu K" first="Kwang-Min" last="Yu">Kwang-Min Yu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jae Hyung" sort="Chang, Jae Hyung" uniqKey="Chang J" first="Jae-Hyung" last="Chang">Jae-Hyung Chang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Eun Ji" sort="Kim, Eun Ji" uniqKey="Kim E" first="Eun Ji" last="Kim">Eun Ji Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Seunghun" sort="Lee, Seunghun" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Seunghun" last="Lee">Seunghun Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casel, Mark Anthony B" sort="Casel, Mark Anthony B" uniqKey="Casel M" first="Mark Anthony B" last="Casel">Mark Anthony B. Casel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Um, Jihye" sort="Um, Jihye" uniqKey="Um J" first="Jihye" last="Um">Jihye Um</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Min Suk" sort="Song, Min Suk" uniqKey="Song M" first="Min-Suk" last="Song">Min-Suk Song</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jeong, Hye Won" sort="Jeong, Hye Won" uniqKey="Jeong H" first="Hye Won" last="Jeong">Hye Won Jeong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lai, Van Dam" sort="Lai, Van Dam" uniqKey="Lai V" first="Van Dam" last="Lai">Van Dam Lai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Yeonjae" sort="Kim, Yeonjae" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yeonjae" last="Kim">Yeonjae Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chin, Bum Sik" sort="Chin, Bum Sik" uniqKey="Chin B" first="Bum Sik" last="Chin">Bum Sik Chin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Jun Sun" sort="Park, Jun Sun" uniqKey="Park J" first="Jun-Sun" last="Park">Jun-Sun Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, Ki Hyun" sort="Chung, Ki Hyun" uniqKey="Chung K" first="Ki-Hyun" last="Chung">Ki-Hyun Chung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foo, Suan Sin" sort="Foo, Suan Sin" uniqKey="Foo S" first="Suan-Sin" last="Foo">Suan-Sin Foo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poo, Haryoung" sort="Poo, Haryoung" uniqKey="Poo H" first="Haryoung" last="Poo">Haryoung Poo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mo, In Pil" sort="Mo, In Pil" uniqKey="Mo I" first="In-Pil" last="Mo">In-Pil Mo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Ok Jun" sort="Lee, Ok Jun" uniqKey="Lee O" first="Ok-Jun" last="Lee">Ok-Jun Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J" last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jung, Jae U" sort="Jung, Jae U" uniqKey="Jung J" first="Jae U" last="Jung">Jae U. Jung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Electronic address: jaeujung@med.usc.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Young Ki" sort="Choi, Young Ki" uniqKey="Choi Y" first="Young Ki" last="Choi">Young Ki Choi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: choiki55@chungbuk.ac.kr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32259477</idno><idno type="pmid">32259477</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.023</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000313</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000313</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000313</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000313</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ferrets.</title><author><name sortKey="Kim, Young Il" sort="Kim, Young Il" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Young-Il" last="Kim">Young-Il Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Seong Gyu" sort="Kim, Seong Gyu" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Seong-Gyu" last="Kim">Seong-Gyu Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Se Mi" sort="Kim, Se Mi" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Se-Mi" last="Kim">Se-Mi Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Eun Ha" sort="Kim, Eun Ha" uniqKey="Kim E" first="Eun-Ha" last="Kim">Eun-Ha Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Su Jin" sort="Park, Su Jin" uniqKey="Park S" first="Su-Jin" last="Park">Su-Jin Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Kwang Min" sort="Yu, Kwang Min" uniqKey="Yu K" first="Kwang-Min" last="Yu">Kwang-Min Yu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jae Hyung" sort="Chang, Jae Hyung" uniqKey="Chang J" first="Jae-Hyung" last="Chang">Jae-Hyung Chang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Eun Ji" sort="Kim, Eun Ji" uniqKey="Kim E" first="Eun Ji" last="Kim">Eun Ji Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Seunghun" sort="Lee, Seunghun" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Seunghun" last="Lee">Seunghun Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casel, Mark Anthony B" sort="Casel, Mark Anthony B" uniqKey="Casel M" first="Mark Anthony B" last="Casel">Mark Anthony B. Casel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Um, Jihye" sort="Um, Jihye" uniqKey="Um J" first="Jihye" last="Um">Jihye Um</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Min Suk" sort="Song, Min Suk" uniqKey="Song M" first="Min-Suk" last="Song">Min-Suk Song</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jeong, Hye Won" sort="Jeong, Hye Won" uniqKey="Jeong H" first="Hye Won" last="Jeong">Hye Won Jeong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lai, Van Dam" sort="Lai, Van Dam" uniqKey="Lai V" first="Van Dam" last="Lai">Van Dam Lai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Yeonjae" sort="Kim, Yeonjae" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yeonjae" last="Kim">Yeonjae Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chin, Bum Sik" sort="Chin, Bum Sik" uniqKey="Chin B" first="Bum Sik" last="Chin">Bum Sik Chin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Jun Sun" sort="Park, Jun Sun" uniqKey="Park J" first="Jun-Sun" last="Park">Jun-Sun Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, Ki Hyun" sort="Chung, Ki Hyun" uniqKey="Chung K" first="Ki-Hyun" last="Chung">Ki-Hyun Chung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foo, Suan Sin" sort="Foo, Suan Sin" uniqKey="Foo S" first="Suan-Sin" last="Foo">Suan-Sin Foo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poo, Haryoung" sort="Poo, Haryoung" uniqKey="Poo H" first="Haryoung" last="Poo">Haryoung Poo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mo, In Pil" sort="Mo, In Pil" uniqKey="Mo I" first="In-Pil" last="Mo">In-Pil Mo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Ok Jun" sort="Lee, Ok Jun" uniqKey="Lee O" first="Ok-Jun" last="Lee">Ok-Jun Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J" last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jung, Jae U" sort="Jung, Jae U" uniqKey="Jung J" first="Jae U" last="Jung">Jae U. Jung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Electronic address: jaeujung@med.usc.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Young Ki" sort="Choi, Young Ki" uniqKey="Choi Y" first="Young Ki" last="Choi">Young Ki Choi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: choiki55@chungbuk.ac.kr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Cell host & microbe</title><idno type="eISSN">1934-6069</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and rapidly spread worldwide. To prevent SARS-CoV-2 dissemination, understanding the in vivo characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 is a high priority. We report a ferret model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission that recapitulates aspects of human disease. SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets exhibit elevated body temperatures and virus replication. Although fatalities were not observed, SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets shed virus in nasal washes, saliva, urine, and feces up to 8 days post-infection. At 2 days post-contact, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in all naive direct contact ferrets. Furthermore, a few naive indirect contact ferrets were positive for viral RNA, suggesting airborne transmission. Viral antigens were detected in nasal turbinate, trachea, lungs, and intestine with acute bronchiolitis present in infected lungs. Thus, ferrets represent an infection and transmission animal model of COVID-19 that may facilitate development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32259477</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>17</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1934-6069</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Apr</Month><Day>05</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Cell host & microbe</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Cell Host Microbe</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ferrets.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1931-3128(20)30187-6</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.023</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and rapidly spread worldwide. To prevent SARS-CoV-2 dissemination, understanding the in vivo characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 is a high priority. We report a ferret model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission that recapitulates aspects of human disease. SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets exhibit elevated body temperatures and virus replication. Although fatalities were not observed, SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets shed virus in nasal washes, saliva, urine, and feces up to 8 days post-infection. At 2 days post-contact, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in all naive direct contact ferrets. Furthermore, a few naive indirect contact ferrets were positive for viral RNA, suggesting airborne transmission. Viral antigens were detected in nasal turbinate, trachea, lungs, and intestine with acute bronchiolitis present in infected lungs. Thus, ferrets represent an infection and transmission animal model of COVID-19 that may facilitate development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Young-Il</ForeName><Initials>YI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Seong-Gyu</ForeName><Initials>SG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Se-Mi</ForeName><Initials>SM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Eun-Ha</ForeName><Initials>EH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Park</LastName><ForeName>Su-Jin</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yu</LastName><ForeName>Kwang-Min</ForeName><Initials>KM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chang</LastName><ForeName>Jae-Hyung</ForeName><Initials>JH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Eun Ji</ForeName><Initials>EJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>Seunghun</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Casel</LastName><ForeName>Mark Anthony B</ForeName><Initials>MAB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Um</LastName><ForeName>Jihye</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Song</LastName><ForeName>Min-Suk</ForeName><Initials>MS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jeong</LastName><ForeName>Hye Won</ForeName><Initials>HW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lai</LastName><ForeName>Van Dam</ForeName><Initials>VD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Yeonjae</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chin</LastName><ForeName>Bum Sik</ForeName><Initials>BS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Park</LastName><ForeName>Jun-Sun</ForeName><Initials>JS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chung</LastName><ForeName>Ki-Hyun</ForeName><Initials>KH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Foo</LastName><ForeName>Suan-Sin</ForeName><Initials>SS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Poo</LastName><ForeName>Haryoung</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mo</LastName><ForeName>In-Pil</ForeName><Initials>IP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>Ok-Jun</ForeName><Initials>OJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Webby</LastName><ForeName>Richard J</ForeName><Initials>RJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jung</LastName><ForeName>Jae U</ForeName><Initials>JU</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Electronic address: jaeujung@med.usc.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Choi</LastName><ForeName>Young Ki</ForeName><Initials>YK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: choiki55@chungbuk.ac.kr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>HHSN272201400006C</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 AI116585</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 AI140705</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 AI140718</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>05</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Cell Host Microbe</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101302316</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1931-3128</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">2019-nCoV</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">2019-novel coronavirus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">ferrets</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">novel coronavirus disease</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">transmission</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">virus shedding</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of Interests Jae U. Jung is a scientific advisor of the Vaccine Stabilization Institute, a California corporation.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>27</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>16</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>27</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32259477</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1931-3128(20)30187-6</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.023</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7144857</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Feb 22;395(10224):565-574</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32007145</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Virology. 2015 May;479-480:259-70</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25816764</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Jul;43(7):3054-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16000415</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Gen Virol. 2014 Apr;95(Pt 4):793-798</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24421115</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>N Engl J Med. 2012 Nov 8;367(19):1814-20</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23075143</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Korean Med Sci. 2020 Feb 17;35(6):e79</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32056407</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2020 Mar 17;94(7):</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31996437</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Korean Med Sci. 2020 Feb 24;35(7):e86</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32080991</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Infect Dis. 2018 Jul 2;218(3):406-417</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29746640</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Virulence. 2018 Jan 1;9(1):133-148</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28873012</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019 Mar;17(3):181-192</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30531947</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Curr Opin Virol. 2015 Aug;13:101-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26126082</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Immunol. 2004 Sep 15;173(6):4030-9</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15356152</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Virology. 2008 Jul 5;376(2):416-28</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18456301</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Apr 11;114(15):E3119-E3128</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28348219</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2003 Oct 25;362(9393):1353-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14585636</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Gastroenterology. 2003 Oct;125(4):1011-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14517783</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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