A three-stemmed mRNA pseudoknot in the SARS coronavirus frameshift signal.
Identifieur interne : 002751 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 002750; suivant : 002752A three-stemmed mRNA pseudoknot in the SARS coronavirus frameshift signal.
Auteurs : Ewan P. Plant ; Gabriela C. Pérez-Alvarado ; Jonathan L. Jacobs ; Bani Mukhopadhyay ; Mirko Hennig ; Jonathan D. DinmanSource :
- PLoS biology [ 1545-7885 ] ; 2005.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , chemistry : RNA, Messenger, RNA, Viral.
- chemical , genetics : RNA, Messenger, RNA, Viral.
- genetics : SARS Virus.
- Animals, Chlorocebus aethiops, Frameshift Mutation, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Open Reading Frames, Vero Cells.
Abstract
A wide range of RNA viruses use programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting for the production of viral fusion proteins. Inspection of the overlap regions between ORF1a and ORF1b of the SARS-CoV genome revealed that, similar to all coronaviruses, a programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift could be used by the virus to produce a fusion protein. Computational analyses of the frameshift signal predicted the presence of an mRNA pseudoknot containing three double-stranded RNA stem structures rather than two. Phylogenetic analyses showed the conservation of potential three-stemmed pseudoknots in the frameshift signals of all other coronaviruses in the GenBank database. Though the presence of the three-stemmed structure is supported by nuclease mapping and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance studies, our findings suggest that interactions between the stem structures may result in local distortions in the A-form RNA. These distortions are particularly evident in the vicinity of predicted A-bulges in stems 2 and 3. In vitro and in vivo frameshifting assays showed that the SARS-CoV frameshift signal is functionally similar to other viral frameshift signals: it promotes efficient frameshifting in all of the standard assay systems, and it is sensitive to a drug and a genetic mutation that are known to affect frameshifting efficiency of a yeast virus. Mutagenesis studies reveal that both the specific sequences and structures of stems 2 and 3 are important for efficient frameshifting. We have identified a new RNA structural motif that is capable of promoting efficient programmed ribosomal frameshifting. The high degree of conservation of three-stemmed mRNA pseudoknot structures among the coronaviruses suggests that this presents a novel target for antiviral therapeutics.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030172
PubMed: 15884978
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:15884978Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A three-stemmed mRNA pseudoknot in the SARS coronavirus frameshift signal.</title><author><name sortKey="Plant, Ewan P" sort="Plant, Ewan P" uniqKey="Plant E" first="Ewan P" last="Plant">Ewan P. Plant</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perez Alvarado, Gabriela C" sort="Perez Alvarado, Gabriela C" uniqKey="Perez Alvarado G" first="Gabriela C" last="Pérez-Alvarado">Gabriela C. Pérez-Alvarado</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Jonathan L" sort="Jacobs, Jonathan L" uniqKey="Jacobs J" first="Jonathan L" last="Jacobs">Jonathan L. Jacobs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mukhopadhyay, Bani" sort="Mukhopadhyay, Bani" uniqKey="Mukhopadhyay B" first="Bani" last="Mukhopadhyay">Bani Mukhopadhyay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hennig, Mirko" sort="Hennig, Mirko" uniqKey="Hennig M" first="Mirko" last="Hennig">Mirko Hennig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dinman, Jonathan D" sort="Dinman, Jonathan D" uniqKey="Dinman J" first="Jonathan D" last="Dinman">Jonathan D. Dinman</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2005">2005</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:15884978</idno><idno type="pmid">15884978</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pbio.0030172</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002751</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002751</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">A three-stemmed mRNA pseudoknot in the SARS coronavirus frameshift signal.</title><author><name sortKey="Plant, Ewan P" sort="Plant, Ewan P" uniqKey="Plant E" first="Ewan P" last="Plant">Ewan P. Plant</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perez Alvarado, Gabriela C" sort="Perez Alvarado, Gabriela C" uniqKey="Perez Alvarado G" first="Gabriela C" last="Pérez-Alvarado">Gabriela C. Pérez-Alvarado</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Jonathan L" sort="Jacobs, Jonathan L" uniqKey="Jacobs J" first="Jonathan L" last="Jacobs">Jonathan L. Jacobs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mukhopadhyay, Bani" sort="Mukhopadhyay, Bani" uniqKey="Mukhopadhyay B" first="Bani" last="Mukhopadhyay">Bani Mukhopadhyay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hennig, Mirko" sort="Hennig, Mirko" uniqKey="Hennig M" first="Mirko" last="Hennig">Mirko Hennig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dinman, Jonathan D" sort="Dinman, Jonathan D" uniqKey="Dinman J" first="Jonathan D" last="Dinman">Jonathan D. Dinman</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS biology</title><idno type="eISSN">1545-7885</idno><imprint><date when="2005" type="published">2005</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Chlorocebus aethiops</term><term>Frameshift Mutation</term><term>Molecular Sequence Data</term><term>Nucleic Acid Conformation</term><term>Open Reading Frames</term><term>RNA, Messenger (chemistry)</term><term>RNA, Messenger (genetics)</term><term>RNA, Viral (chemistry)</term><term>RNA, Viral (genetics)</term><term>SARS Virus (genetics)</term><term>Vero Cells</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>RNA, Messenger</term><term>RNA, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>RNA, Messenger</term><term>RNA, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS Virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Chlorocebus aethiops</term><term>Frameshift Mutation</term><term>Molecular Sequence Data</term><term>Nucleic Acid Conformation</term><term>Open Reading Frames</term><term>Vero Cells</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">A wide range of RNA viruses use programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting for the production of viral fusion proteins. Inspection of the overlap regions between ORF1a and ORF1b of the SARS-CoV genome revealed that, similar to all coronaviruses, a programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift could be used by the virus to produce a fusion protein. Computational analyses of the frameshift signal predicted the presence of an mRNA pseudoknot containing three double-stranded RNA stem structures rather than two. Phylogenetic analyses showed the conservation of potential three-stemmed pseudoknots in the frameshift signals of all other coronaviruses in the GenBank database. Though the presence of the three-stemmed structure is supported by nuclease mapping and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance studies, our findings suggest that interactions between the stem structures may result in local distortions in the A-form RNA. These distortions are particularly evident in the vicinity of predicted A-bulges in stems 2 and 3. In vitro and in vivo frameshifting assays showed that the SARS-CoV frameshift signal is functionally similar to other viral frameshift signals: it promotes efficient frameshifting in all of the standard assay systems, and it is sensitive to a drug and a genetic mutation that are known to affect frameshifting efficiency of a yeast virus. Mutagenesis studies reveal that both the specific sequences and structures of stems 2 and 3 are important for efficient frameshifting. We have identified a new RNA structural motif that is capable of promoting efficient programmed ribosomal frameshifting. The high degree of conservation of three-stemmed mRNA pseudoknot structures among the coronaviruses suggests that this presents a novel target for antiviral therapeutics.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">15884978</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2006</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>03</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1545-7885</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>3</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2005</Year><Month>Jun</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PLoS biology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS Biol.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>A three-stemmed mRNA pseudoknot in the SARS coronavirus frameshift signal.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e172</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>A wide range of RNA viruses use programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting for the production of viral fusion proteins. Inspection of the overlap regions between ORF1a and ORF1b of the SARS-CoV genome revealed that, similar to all coronaviruses, a programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift could be used by the virus to produce a fusion protein. Computational analyses of the frameshift signal predicted the presence of an mRNA pseudoknot containing three double-stranded RNA stem structures rather than two. Phylogenetic analyses showed the conservation of potential three-stemmed pseudoknots in the frameshift signals of all other coronaviruses in the GenBank database. Though the presence of the three-stemmed structure is supported by nuclease mapping and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance studies, our findings suggest that interactions between the stem structures may result in local distortions in the A-form RNA. These distortions are particularly evident in the vicinity of predicted A-bulges in stems 2 and 3. In vitro and in vivo frameshifting assays showed that the SARS-CoV frameshift signal is functionally similar to other viral frameshift signals: it promotes efficient frameshifting in all of the standard assay systems, and it is sensitive to a drug and a genetic mutation that are known to affect frameshifting efficiency of a yeast virus. Mutagenesis studies reveal that both the specific sequences and structures of stems 2 and 3 are important for efficient frameshifting. We have identified a new RNA structural motif that is capable of promoting efficient programmed ribosomal frameshifting. The high degree of conservation of three-stemmed mRNA pseudoknot structures among the coronaviruses suggests that this presents a novel target for antiviral therapeutics.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Plant</LastName><ForeName>Ewan P</ForeName><Initials>EP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pérez-Alvarado</LastName><ForeName>Gabriela C</ForeName><Initials>GC</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jacobs</LastName><ForeName>Jonathan L</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mukhopadhyay</LastName><ForeName>Bani</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hennig</LastName><ForeName>Mirko</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dinman</LastName><ForeName>Jonathan D</ForeName><Initials>JD</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><DataBankList CompleteYN="Y"><DataBank><DataBankName>RefSeq</DataBankName><AccessionNumberList><AccessionNumber>NC_001451</AccessionNumber><AccessionNumber>NC_001846</AccessionNumber><AccessionNumber>NC_002306</AccessionNumber><AccessionNumber>NC_002645</AccessionNumber><AccessionNumber>NC_003045</AccessionNumber><AccessionNumber>NC_003436</AccessionNumber><AccessionNumber>NC_004718</AccessionNumber><AccessionNumber>NC_005147</AccessionNumber><AccessionNumber>NC_005831</AccessionNumber><AccessionNumber>NC_006577</AccessionNumber></AccessionNumberList></DataBank></DataBankList><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R01 GM058859</GrantID><Acronym>GM</Acronym><Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>GM58859</GrantID><Acronym>GM</Acronym><Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013487">Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2005</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>17</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS Biol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101183755</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1544-9173</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D012333">RNA, Messenger</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D012367">RNA, Viral</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002522" MajorTopicYN="N">Chlorocebus aethiops</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016368" MajorTopicYN="Y">Frameshift Mutation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008969" MajorTopicYN="N">Molecular Sequence Data</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009690" MajorTopicYN="N">Nucleic Acid Conformation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016366" MajorTopicYN="N">Open Reading Frames</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012333" MajorTopicYN="N">RNA, Messenger</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="Y">chemistry</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012367" MajorTopicYN="N">RNA, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D045473" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS Virus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014709" MajorTopicYN="N">Vero Cells</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2005</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2005</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2005</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2006</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2005</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15884978</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">05-PLBI-RA-0064R2</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1371/journal.pbio.0030172</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC1110908</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Nature. 1988 Jan 21;331(6153):283-6</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">3336440</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jun 24;94(13):6606-11</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9192612</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>RNA. 2003 Aug;9(8):982-92</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12869709</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Biomol NMR. 1995 Apr;5(3):327-31</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22911506</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Biomol NMR. 1995 Nov;6(3):277-93</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8520220</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2004 Jan;78(2):669-82</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14694098</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2004 Jul;78(14):7846-51</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15220462</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jan 1;31(1):87-9</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12519954</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nucleic Acids Res. 2001 Nov 15;29(22):4724-35</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">11713323</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nature. 1998 Oct 8;395(6702):567-74</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9783582</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Gen Virol. 1995 Aug;76 ( Pt 8):1885-92</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">7636469</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>RNA. 1998 Apr;4(4):479-86</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9630253</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Genetics. 1994 Jan;136(1):75-86</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8138178</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Dec 7;96(25):14234-9</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">10588689</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Trends Biotechnol. 1998 Apr;16(4):190-6</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9586242</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1399-404</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12730501</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Cell. 1989 May 19;57(4):537-47</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">2720781</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Virology. 2005 Feb 20;332(2):498-510</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15680415</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>RNA. 2003 Feb;9(2):168-74</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12554858</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):10-4</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">10592169</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Dec 25;21(25):5838-42</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8290341</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Methods Mol Biol. 2000;132:185-219</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">10547837</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Annu Rev Biochem. 1996;65:741-68</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8811194</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(20):e160</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15561995</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Biomol NMR. 1994 Sep;4(5):603-14</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22911360</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Gene. 1995 Apr 14;156(1):119-22</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">7737504</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Mol Biol. 2003 Aug 15;331(3):571-83</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12899829</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Mol Biol. 1999 Feb 5;285(5):2053-68</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9925784</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Biomed Sci. 2003 Nov-Dec;10(6 Pt 2):664-75</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14631105</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Jan;19(1):384-91</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9858562</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Am Chem Soc. 2003 Jul 30;125(30):8998-9</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15369340</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nature. 1988 Jan 21;331(6153):280-3</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">2447506</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Gene. 1990 Nov 30;96(1):23-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">2265755</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jan 1;88(1):174-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">1986362</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Mol Biol. 1999 May 7;288(3):305-20</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">10329144</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Biochem Soc Trans. 2004 Dec;32(Pt 6):1081-3</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15506971</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Nov 24;95(24):14147-51</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9826668</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Comput Appl Biosci. 1996 Aug;12(4):357-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8902363</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Gen Virol. 2003 Sep;84(Pt 9):2305-15</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12917450</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Biochemistry. 2002 Aug 27;41(34):10665-74</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12186552</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Methods Enzymol. 1995;261:300-22</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8569501</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1394-9</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12730500</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Am Chem Soc. 2003 Apr 23;125(16):4676-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12696863</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Microbiol Rev. 1996 Mar;60(1):103-34</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8852897</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Mol Biol. 1991 Aug 20;220(4):889-902</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">1880803</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>RNA. 2003 Aug;9(8):1019-24</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12869712</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">7984417</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Apr 24;98(9):4899-903</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">11296253</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Mol Biol. 2002 Sep 20;322(3):621-33</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12225754</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Aug 20;99(17):11133-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12149516</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Nov 11;15(21):8783-98</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">3684574</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Virology. 1995 Feb 1;206(2):817-22</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">7856095</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Bacteriol. 1983 Jan;153(1):163-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">6336730</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/SrasV1/Data/PubMed/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002751 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 002751 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= SrasV1
|flux= PubMed
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:15884978
|texte= A three-stemmed mRNA pseudoknot in the SARS coronavirus frameshift signal.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:15884978" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SrasV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |