Is the anti-psychotic, 10-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)phenothiazine (promazine), a potential drug with which to treat SARS infections? Lack of efficacy of promazine on SARS-CoV replication in a mouse model.
Identifieur interne : 001B64 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 001B63; suivant : 001B65Is the anti-psychotic, 10-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)phenothiazine (promazine), a potential drug with which to treat SARS infections? Lack of efficacy of promazine on SARS-CoV replication in a mouse model.
Auteurs : Dale L. Barnard ; Craig W. Day ; Kevin Bailey ; Matthew Heiner ; Robert Montgomery ; Larry Lauridsen ; Kie-Hoon Jung ; Joseph K-K Li ; Paul K S. Chan ; Robert W. SidwellSource :
- Antiviral research [ 0166-3542 ] ; 2008.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Antiviral Agents (administration & dosage), Antiviral Agents (pharmacology), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), Antiviral Agents (toxicity), Cell Survival, Chemoprevention, Chlorocebus aethiops, Cytokines (analysis), Female, Lung (pathology), Lung (virology), Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Molecular Structure, Neutral Red (metabolism), Phenothiazines (administration & dosage), Phenothiazines (pharmacology), Phenothiazines (therapeutic use), Phenothiazines (toxicity), SARS Virus (drug effects), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (drug therapy), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (prevention & control), Vero Cells, Virus Replication.
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Antiviral Agents, Phenothiazines.
- chemical , analysis : Cytokines.
- chemical , metabolism : Neutral Red.
- chemical , pharmacology : Antiviral Agents, Phenothiazines.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents, Phenothiazines.
- chemical , toxicity : Antiviral Agents, Phenothiazines.
- drug effects : SARS Virus.
- drug therapy : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- pathology : Lung.
- prevention & control : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- virology : Lung.
- Animals, Cell Survival, Chemoprevention, Chlorocebus aethiops, Female, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Molecular Structure, Vero Cells, Virus Replication.
Abstract
Phenothiazine and derivatives were tested for inhibition of SARS-CoV replication. Phenothiazine slightly inhibited SARS-CoV replication in a neutral red (NR) uptake assay. Adding a propylamino group to give promazine reduced virus yields (VYR assay) with an EC(90)=8.3+/-2.8 microM, but without selectivity. Various substitutions in the basic phenothiazine structure did not promote efficacy. Phenazine ethosulfate was the most potent compound by VYR assay (EC(90)=6.1+/-4.3 microM). All compounds were toxic (IC(50)=6.6-74.5 microM) except for phenoxathiin (IC(50)=858+/-208 microM) and 10-(alpha-diethylamino-propionyl) phenothiazine.HCl (IC(50)=195+/-71.2 microM). Consequently, none were selective inhibitors of SARS-CoV replication (SI values <1-3.3 microM). These data portended the poor efficacy of promazine in a SARS-CoV mouse lung replication model. Intraperitoneal treatment with promazine using a prophylactic (-4h)/therapeutic regimen of 1, 10, or 50mg/(kg day) did not reduce virus lung titers at day 3, yet prolonged virus replication to 14 days. Similar therapeutic promazine doses were not efficacious. Thus, promazine did not affect SARS-CoV replication in vitro or in vivo, nor were any other phenothiazines efficacious in reducing virus replication. Therefore, treating SARS infections with compounds like promazine is not warranted.
DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.12.005
PubMed: 18423639
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:18423639Le document en format XML
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Barnard</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5600, USA. dale.barnard@usu.edu</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Day, Craig W" sort="Day, Craig W" uniqKey="Day C" first="Craig W" last="Day">Craig W. Day</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bailey, Kevin" sort="Bailey, Kevin" uniqKey="Bailey K" first="Kevin" last="Bailey">Kevin Bailey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heiner, Matthew" sort="Heiner, Matthew" uniqKey="Heiner M" first="Matthew" last="Heiner">Matthew Heiner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Robert" sort="Montgomery, Robert" uniqKey="Montgomery R" first="Robert" last="Montgomery">Robert Montgomery</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lauridsen, Larry" sort="Lauridsen, Larry" uniqKey="Lauridsen L" first="Larry" last="Lauridsen">Larry Lauridsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jung, Kie Hoon" sort="Jung, Kie Hoon" uniqKey="Jung K" first="Kie-Hoon" last="Jung">Kie-Hoon Jung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Joseph K K" sort="Li, Joseph K K" uniqKey="Li J" first="Joseph K-K" last="Li">Joseph K-K Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Paul K S" sort="Chan, Paul K S" uniqKey="Chan P" first="Paul K S" last="Chan">Paul K S. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sidwell, Robert W" sort="Sidwell, Robert W" uniqKey="Sidwell R" first="Robert W" last="Sidwell">Robert W. Sidwell</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Antiviral research</title><idno type="ISSN">0166-3542</idno><imprint><date when="2008" type="published">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Antiviral Agents (administration & dosage)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (pharmacology)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (toxicity)</term><term>Cell Survival</term><term>Chemoprevention</term><term>Chlorocebus aethiops</term><term>Cytokines (analysis)</term><term>Female</term><term>Lung (pathology)</term><term>Lung (virology)</term><term>Mice</term><term>Mice, Inbred BALB C</term><term>Molecular Structure</term><term>Neutral Red (metabolism)</term><term>Phenothiazines (administration & dosage)</term><term>Phenothiazines (pharmacology)</term><term>Phenothiazines (therapeutic use)</term><term>Phenothiazines (toxicity)</term><term>SARS Virus (drug effects)</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (drug therapy)</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (prevention & control)</term><term>Vero Cells</term><term>Virus Replication</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Phenothiazines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Cytokines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Neutral Red</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Phenothiazines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Phenothiazines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="toxicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Phenothiazines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS Virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Lung</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Lung</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Cell Survival</term><term>Chemoprevention</term><term>Chlorocebus aethiops</term><term>Female</term><term>Mice</term><term>Mice, Inbred BALB C</term><term>Molecular Structure</term><term>Vero Cells</term><term>Virus Replication</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Phenothiazine and derivatives were tested for inhibition of SARS-CoV replication. Phenothiazine slightly inhibited SARS-CoV replication in a neutral red (NR) uptake assay. Adding a propylamino group to give promazine reduced virus yields (VYR assay) with an EC(90)=8.3+/-2.8 microM, but without selectivity. Various substitutions in the basic phenothiazine structure did not promote efficacy. Phenazine ethosulfate was the most potent compound by VYR assay (EC(90)=6.1+/-4.3 microM). All compounds were toxic (IC(50)=6.6-74.5 microM) except for phenoxathiin (IC(50)=858+/-208 microM) and 10-(alpha-diethylamino-propionyl) phenothiazine.HCl (IC(50)=195+/-71.2 microM). Consequently, none were selective inhibitors of SARS-CoV replication (SI values <1-3.3 microM). These data portended the poor efficacy of promazine in a SARS-CoV mouse lung replication model. Intraperitoneal treatment with promazine using a prophylactic (-4h)/therapeutic regimen of 1, 10, or 50mg/(kg day) did not reduce virus lung titers at day 3, yet prolonged virus replication to 14 days. Similar therapeutic promazine doses were not efficacious. Thus, promazine did not affect SARS-CoV replication in vitro or in vivo, nor were any other phenothiazines efficacious in reducing virus replication. Therefore, treating SARS infections with compounds like promazine is not warranted.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">18423639</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2008</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>19</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>07</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0166-3542</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>79</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2008</Year><Month>Aug</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Antiviral research</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Antiviral Res.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Is the anti-psychotic, 10-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)phenothiazine (promazine), a potential drug with which to treat SARS infections? Lack of efficacy of promazine on SARS-CoV replication in a mouse model.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>105-13</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.12.005</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Phenothiazine and derivatives were tested for inhibition of SARS-CoV replication. Phenothiazine slightly inhibited SARS-CoV replication in a neutral red (NR) uptake assay. Adding a propylamino group to give promazine reduced virus yields (VYR assay) with an EC(90)=8.3+/-2.8 microM, but without selectivity. Various substitutions in the basic phenothiazine structure did not promote efficacy. Phenazine ethosulfate was the most potent compound by VYR assay (EC(90)=6.1+/-4.3 microM). All compounds were toxic (IC(50)=6.6-74.5 microM) except for phenoxathiin (IC(50)=858+/-208 microM) and 10-(alpha-diethylamino-propionyl) phenothiazine.HCl (IC(50)=195+/-71.2 microM). Consequently, none were selective inhibitors of SARS-CoV replication (SI values <1-3.3 microM). These data portended the poor efficacy of promazine in a SARS-CoV mouse lung replication model. Intraperitoneal treatment with promazine using a prophylactic (-4h)/therapeutic regimen of 1, 10, or 50mg/(kg day) did not reduce virus lung titers at day 3, yet prolonged virus replication to 14 days. Similar therapeutic promazine doses were not efficacious. Thus, promazine did not affect SARS-CoV replication in vitro or in vivo, nor were any other phenothiazines efficacious in reducing virus replication. Therefore, treating SARS infections with compounds like promazine is not warranted.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barnard</LastName><ForeName>Dale L</ForeName><Initials>DL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5600, USA. dale.barnard@usu.edu</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Day</LastName><ForeName>Craig W</ForeName><Initials>CW</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bailey</LastName><ForeName>Kevin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heiner</LastName><ForeName>Matthew</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Montgomery</LastName><ForeName>Robert</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lauridsen</LastName><ForeName>Larry</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jung</LastName><ForeName>Kie-Hoon</ForeName><Initials>KH</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Joseph K-K</ForeName><Initials>JK</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chan</LastName><ForeName>Paul K S</ForeName><Initials>PK</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sidwell</LastName><ForeName>Robert W</ForeName><Initials>RW</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>N01AI15435</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>N01AI30048</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>N01-AI-30048</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>N01 AI015435</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United 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