Case-ascertained study of household transmission of seasonal influenza - South Africa, 2013.
Identifieur interne : 000D69 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000D68; suivant : 000D70Case-ascertained study of household transmission of seasonal influenza - South Africa, 2013.
Auteurs : Preetha Iyengar ; Claire Von Mollendorf ; Stefano Tempia ; Alexandra Moerdyk ; Ziyaad Valley-Omar ; Orienka Hellferscee ; Neil Martinson ; Meera Chhagan ; Meredith Mcmorrow ; Manoj Gambhir ; Simon Cauchemez ; Ebrahim Variava ; Katlego Masonoke ; Adam L. Cohen ; Cheryl CohenSource :
- The Journal of infection [ 1532-2742 ] ; 2015.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Family Characteristics, Family Health, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (isolation & purification), Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (physiology), Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype (isolation & purification), Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype (physiology), Influenza, Human (epidemiology), Influenza, Human (transmission), Influenza, Human (virology), Male, Risk Factors, Seasons, South Africa (epidemiology), Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult.
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : South Africa.
- epidemiology : Influenza, Human.
- isolation & purification : Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype.
- physiology : Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype.
- transmission : Influenza, Human.
- virology : Influenza, Human.
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Family Characteristics, Family Health, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Seasons, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult.
Abstract
The household is important in influenza transmission due to intensity of contact. Previous studies reported secondary attack rates (SAR) of 4-10% for laboratory-confirmed influenza in the household. Few have been conducted in middle-income countries.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.09.001
PubMed: 26366941
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:26366941Le document en format XML
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Electronic address: piyengar@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Von Mollendorf, Claire" sort="Von Mollendorf, Claire" uniqKey="Von Mollendorf C" first="Claire" last="Von Mollendorf">Claire Von Mollendorf</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tempia, Stefano" sort="Tempia, Stefano" uniqKey="Tempia S" first="Stefano" last="Tempia">Stefano Tempia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, PO Box 9536, Pretoria, South Africa; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moerdyk, Alexandra" sort="Moerdyk, Alexandra" uniqKey="Moerdyk A" first="Alexandra" last="Moerdyk">Alexandra Moerdyk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valley Omar, Ziyaad" sort="Valley Omar, Ziyaad" uniqKey="Valley Omar Z" first="Ziyaad" last="Valley-Omar">Ziyaad Valley-Omar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellferscee, Orienka" sort="Hellferscee, Orienka" uniqKey="Hellferscee O" first="Orienka" last="Hellferscee">Orienka Hellferscee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinson, Neil" sort="Martinson, Neil" uniqKey="Martinson N" first="Neil" last="Martinson">Neil Martinson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chhagan, Meera" sort="Chhagan, Meera" uniqKey="Chhagan M" first="Meera" last="Chhagan">Meera Chhagan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, King George V Ave, Glenwood, Durban, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcmorrow, Meredith" sort="Mcmorrow, Meredith" uniqKey="Mcmorrow M" first="Meredith" last="Mcmorrow">Meredith Mcmorrow</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>US Public Health Service, 5600 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD, USA; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gambhir, Manoj" sort="Gambhir, Manoj" uniqKey="Gambhir M" first="Manoj" last="Gambhir">Manoj Gambhir</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Modeling Unit, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA; Epidemiological Modelling Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cauchemez, Simon" sort="Cauchemez, Simon" uniqKey="Cauchemez S" first="Simon" last="Cauchemez">Simon Cauchemez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Variava, Ebrahim" sort="Variava, Ebrahim" uniqKey="Variava E" first="Ebrahim" last="Variava">Ebrahim Variava</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital Complex and University of the Witwatersrand, Corner of OR Tambo and John Orr Street, Klerksdorp, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masonoke, Katlego" sort="Masonoke, Katlego" uniqKey="Masonoke K" first="Katlego" last="Masonoke">Katlego Masonoke</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Adam L" sort="Cohen, Adam L" uniqKey="Cohen A" first="Adam L" last="Cohen">Adam L. Cohen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>US Public Health Service, 5600 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD, USA; Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, PO Box 9536, Pretoria, South Africa; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Cheryl" sort="Cohen, Cheryl" uniqKey="Cohen C" first="Cheryl" last="Cohen">Cheryl Cohen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address: cherylc@nicd.ac.za.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26366941</idno><idno type="pmid">26366941</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jinf.2015.09.001</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000D69</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000D69</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Case-ascertained study of household transmission of seasonal influenza - South Africa, 2013.</title><author><name sortKey="Iyengar, Preetha" sort="Iyengar, Preetha" uniqKey="Iyengar P" first="Preetha" last="Iyengar">Preetha Iyengar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA; Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA; US Public Health Service, 5600 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD, USA. Electronic address: piyengar@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Von Mollendorf, Claire" sort="Von Mollendorf, Claire" uniqKey="Von Mollendorf C" first="Claire" last="Von Mollendorf">Claire Von Mollendorf</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tempia, Stefano" sort="Tempia, Stefano" uniqKey="Tempia S" first="Stefano" last="Tempia">Stefano Tempia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, PO Box 9536, Pretoria, South Africa; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moerdyk, Alexandra" sort="Moerdyk, Alexandra" uniqKey="Moerdyk A" first="Alexandra" last="Moerdyk">Alexandra Moerdyk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valley Omar, Ziyaad" sort="Valley Omar, Ziyaad" uniqKey="Valley Omar Z" first="Ziyaad" last="Valley-Omar">Ziyaad Valley-Omar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellferscee, Orienka" sort="Hellferscee, Orienka" uniqKey="Hellferscee O" first="Orienka" last="Hellferscee">Orienka Hellferscee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinson, Neil" sort="Martinson, Neil" uniqKey="Martinson N" first="Neil" last="Martinson">Neil Martinson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chhagan, Meera" sort="Chhagan, Meera" uniqKey="Chhagan M" first="Meera" last="Chhagan">Meera Chhagan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, King George V Ave, Glenwood, Durban, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcmorrow, Meredith" sort="Mcmorrow, Meredith" uniqKey="Mcmorrow M" first="Meredith" last="Mcmorrow">Meredith Mcmorrow</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>US Public Health Service, 5600 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD, USA; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gambhir, Manoj" sort="Gambhir, Manoj" uniqKey="Gambhir M" first="Manoj" last="Gambhir">Manoj Gambhir</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Modeling Unit, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA; Epidemiological Modelling Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cauchemez, Simon" sort="Cauchemez, Simon" uniqKey="Cauchemez S" first="Simon" last="Cauchemez">Simon Cauchemez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Variava, Ebrahim" sort="Variava, Ebrahim" uniqKey="Variava E" first="Ebrahim" last="Variava">Ebrahim Variava</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital Complex and University of the Witwatersrand, Corner of OR Tambo and John Orr Street, Klerksdorp, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masonoke, Katlego" sort="Masonoke, Katlego" uniqKey="Masonoke K" first="Katlego" last="Masonoke">Katlego Masonoke</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Adam L" sort="Cohen, Adam L" uniqKey="Cohen A" first="Adam L" last="Cohen">Adam L. Cohen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>US Public Health Service, 5600 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD, USA; Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, PO Box 9536, Pretoria, South Africa; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Cheryl" sort="Cohen, Cheryl" uniqKey="Cohen C" first="Cheryl" last="Cohen">Cheryl Cohen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address: cherylc@nicd.ac.za.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of infection</title><idno type="eISSN">1532-2742</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Child</term><term>Family Characteristics</term><term>Family Health</term><term>Female</term><term>Follow-Up Studies</term><term>Humans</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (isolation & purification)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (physiology)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype (isolation & purification)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype (physiology)</term><term>Influenza, Human (epidemiology)</term><term>Influenza, Human (transmission)</term><term>Influenza, Human (virology)</term><term>Male</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>Seasons</term><term>South Africa (epidemiology)</term><term>Surveys and Questionnaires</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>South Africa</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Child</term><term>Family Characteristics</term><term>Family Health</term><term>Female</term><term>Follow-Up Studies</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>Seasons</term><term>Surveys and Questionnaires</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The household is important in influenza transmission due to intensity of contact. Previous studies reported secondary attack rates (SAR) of 4-10% for laboratory-confirmed influenza in the household. Few have been conducted in middle-income countries.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26366941</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>16</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1532-2742</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>71</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year><Month>Nov</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Journal of infection</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J. Infect.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Case-ascertained study of household transmission of seasonal influenza - South Africa, 2013.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>578-86</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.jinf.2015.09.001</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0163-4453(15)00265-0</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">The household is important in influenza transmission due to intensity of contact. Previous studies reported secondary attack rates (SAR) of 4-10% for laboratory-confirmed influenza in the household. Few have been conducted in middle-income countries.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We performed a case-ascertained household transmission study during May-October 2013. Index cases were patients with influenza-like-illness (cough and self-reported or measured fever (≥38 °C)) with onset in the last 3 days and no sick household contacts, at clinics in South Africa. Household contacts of index cases with laboratory-confirmed influenza were followed for 12 days.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Thirty index cases in 30 households and 107/110 (97%) eligible household contacts were enrolled. Assuming those not enrolled were influenza negative, 21/110 household contacts had laboratory-confirmed influenza (SAR 19%); the mean serial interval was 2.1 days (SD = 0.35, range 2-3 days). Most (62/82; 76%) household contacts who completed the risk factor questionnaire never avoided contact and 43/82 (52%) continued to share a bed with the index case after illness onset.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">SAR for laboratory-confirmed influenza in South Africa was higher than previously reported SARs. Household contacts did not report changing behaviors to prevent transmission. These results can be used to understand and predict influenza transmission in similar middle-income settings.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Published by Elsevier Ltd.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Iyengar</LastName><ForeName>Preetha</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA; Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA; US Public Health Service, 5600 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD, USA. Electronic address: piyengar@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>von Mollendorf</LastName><ForeName>Claire</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tempia</LastName><ForeName>Stefano</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, PO Box 9536, Pretoria, South Africa; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moerdyk</LastName><ForeName>Alexandra</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Valley-Omar</LastName><ForeName>Ziyaad</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hellferscee</LastName><ForeName>Orienka</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martinson</LastName><ForeName>Neil</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chhagan</LastName><ForeName>Meera</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, King George V Ave, Glenwood, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McMorrow</LastName><ForeName>Meredith</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>US Public Health Service, 5600 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD, USA; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gambhir</LastName><ForeName>Manoj</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Modeling Unit, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA; Epidemiological Modelling Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cauchemez</LastName><ForeName>Simon</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Variava</LastName><ForeName>Ebrahim</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital Complex and University of the Witwatersrand, Corner of OR Tambo and John Orr Street, Klerksdorp, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Masonoke</LastName><ForeName>Katlego</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cohen</LastName><ForeName>Adam L</ForeName><Initials>AL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>US Public Health Service, 5600 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD, USA; Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, PO Box 9536, Pretoria, South Africa; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cohen</LastName><ForeName>Cheryl</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address: cherylc@nicd.ac.za.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>CC999999</GrantID><Agency>Intramural CDC HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>U01 GM110721</GrantID><Acronym>GM</Acronym><Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>5U51IP000528</GrantID><Acronym>IP</Acronym><Agency>NCIRD CDC HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>5U19GH000622</GrantID><Acronym>GH</Acronym><Agency>CGH CDC HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013487">Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>11</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>J Infect</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7908424</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0163-4453</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002648" MajorTopicYN="N">Child</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005191" MajorTopicYN="Y">Family Characteristics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005192" MajorTopicYN="N">Family Health</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005500" MajorTopicYN="N">Follow-Up Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053118" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053122" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007251" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza, Human</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000635" MajorTopicYN="Y">transmission</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="Y">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012307" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012621" MajorTopicYN="N">Seasons</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013019" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">South Africa</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011795" MajorTopicYN="N">Surveys and Questionnaires</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055815" MajorTopicYN="N">Young Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">HHSPA740152 [Available on 11/01/16]</OtherID><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Household transmission</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Secondary infection risk</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Serial interval</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">South Africa</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2015</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>10</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2015</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2015</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2015</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2015</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId 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