Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses.
Identifieur interne : 000129 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000128; suivant : 000130Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses.
Auteurs : Didier Raoult ; Alimuddin Zumla ; Franco Locatelli ; Giuseppe Ippolito ; Guido KroemerSource :
- Cell stress [ 2523-0204 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses. Four human CoVs (HCoVs), the non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like HCoVs (namely HCoV 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1), are globally endemic and account for a substantial fraction of upper respiratory tract infections. Non-SARS-like CoV can occasionally produce severe diseases in frail subjects but do not cause any major (fatal) epidemics. In contrast, SARS like CoVs (namely SARS-CoV and Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV) can cause intense short-lived fatal outbreaks. The current epidemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread globally is of major concern. There is scanty knowledge on the actual pandemic potential of this new SARS-like virus. It might be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is grossly underdiagnosed and that the infection is silently spreading across the globe with two consequences: (i) clusters of severe infections among frail subjects could haphazardly occur linked to unrecognized index cases; (ii) the current epidemic could naturally fall into a low-level endemic phase when a significant number of subjects will have developed immunity. Understanding the role of paucisymptomatic subjects and stratifying patients according to the risk of developing severe clinical presentations is pivotal for implementing reasonable measures to contain the infection and to reduce its mortality. Whilst the future evolution of this epidemic remains unpredictable, classic public health strategies must follow rational patterns. The emergence of yet another global epidemic underscores the permanent challenges that infectious diseases pose and underscores the need for global cooperation and preparedness, even during inter-epidemic periods.
DOI: 10.15698/cst2020.04.216
PubMed: 32292881
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses.</title><author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Aix-Marseille Univ., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), MEPHI, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zumla, Alimuddin" sort="Zumla, Alimuddin" uniqKey="Zumla A" first="Alimuddin" last="Zumla">Alimuddin Zumla</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, Center for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Locatelli, Franco" sort="Locatelli, Franco" uniqKey="Locatelli F" first="Franco" last="Locatelli">Franco Locatelli</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ippolito, Giuseppe" sort="Ippolito, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Ippolito G" first="Giuseppe" last="Ippolito">Giuseppe Ippolito</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kroemer, Guido" sort="Kroemer, Guido" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="Guido" last="Kroemer">Guido Kroemer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32292881</idno><idno type="pmid">32292881</idno><idno type="doi">10.15698/cst2020.04.216</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000129</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000129</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses.</title><author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Aix-Marseille Univ., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), MEPHI, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zumla, Alimuddin" sort="Zumla, Alimuddin" uniqKey="Zumla A" first="Alimuddin" last="Zumla">Alimuddin Zumla</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, Center for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Locatelli, Franco" sort="Locatelli, Franco" uniqKey="Locatelli F" first="Franco" last="Locatelli">Franco Locatelli</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ippolito, Giuseppe" sort="Ippolito, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Ippolito G" first="Giuseppe" last="Ippolito">Giuseppe Ippolito</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kroemer, Guido" sort="Kroemer, Guido" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="Guido" last="Kroemer">Guido Kroemer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Cell stress</title><idno type="eISSN">2523-0204</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses. Four human CoVs (HCoVs), the non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like HCoVs (namely HCoV 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1), are globally endemic and account for a substantial fraction of upper respiratory tract infections. Non-SARS-like CoV can occasionally produce severe diseases in frail subjects but do not cause any major (fatal) epidemics. In contrast, SARS like CoVs (namely SARS-CoV and Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV) can cause intense short-lived fatal outbreaks. The current epidemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread globally is of major concern. There is scanty knowledge on the actual pandemic potential of this new SARS-like virus. It might be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is grossly underdiagnosed and that the infection is silently spreading across the globe with two consequences: (i) clusters of severe infections among frail subjects could haphazardly occur linked to unrecognized index cases; (ii) the current epidemic could naturally fall into a low-level endemic phase when a significant number of subjects will have developed immunity. Understanding the role of paucisymptomatic subjects and stratifying patients according to the risk of developing severe clinical presentations is pivotal for implementing reasonable measures to contain the infection and to reduce its mortality. Whilst the future evolution of this epidemic remains unpredictable, classic public health strategies must follow rational patterns. The emergence of yet another global epidemic underscores the permanent challenges that infectious diseases pose and underscores the need for global cooperation and preparedness, even during inter-epidemic periods.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32292881</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>18</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2523-0204</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>4</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Mar</Month><Day>02</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Cell stress</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Cell Stress</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>66-75</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.15698/cst2020.04.216</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses. Four human CoVs (HCoVs), the non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like HCoVs (namely HCoV 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1), are globally endemic and account for a substantial fraction of upper respiratory tract infections. Non-SARS-like CoV can occasionally produce severe diseases in frail subjects but do not cause any major (fatal) epidemics. In contrast, SARS like CoVs (namely SARS-CoV and Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV) can cause intense short-lived fatal outbreaks. The current epidemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread globally is of major concern. There is scanty knowledge on the actual pandemic potential of this new SARS-like virus. It might be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is grossly underdiagnosed and that the infection is silently spreading across the globe with two consequences: (i) clusters of severe infections among frail subjects could haphazardly occur linked to unrecognized index cases; (ii) the current epidemic could naturally fall into a low-level endemic phase when a significant number of subjects will have developed immunity. Understanding the role of paucisymptomatic subjects and stratifying patients according to the risk of developing severe clinical presentations is pivotal for implementing reasonable measures to contain the infection and to reduce its mortality. Whilst the future evolution of this epidemic remains unpredictable, classic public health strategies must follow rational patterns. The emergence of yet another global epidemic underscores the permanent challenges that infectious diseases pose and underscores the need for global cooperation and preparedness, even during inter-epidemic periods.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright: © 2020 Raoult et al.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raoult</LastName><ForeName>Didier</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Aix-Marseille Univ., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), MEPHI, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zumla</LastName><ForeName>Alimuddin</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, Center for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at UCL Hospitals, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Locatelli</LastName><ForeName>Franco</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ippolito</LastName><ForeName>Giuseppe</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kroemer</LastName><ForeName>Guido</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016421">Editorial</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>02</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Austria</Country><MedlineTA>Cell Stress</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101718867</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2523-0204</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">MERS-CoV</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">sARS-CoV-2</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no relevant conflict of interest.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SrasV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |