In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine.
Identifieur interne : 002C46 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002C45; suivant : 002C47In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine.
Auteurs : Els Keyaerts [Belgique] ; Leen Vijgen ; Piet Maes ; Johan Neyts ; Marc Van RanstSource :
- Biochemical and biophysical research communications [ 0006-291X ] ; 2004.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- ARN complémentaire (métabolisme), Animaux, Antipaludiques (pharmacologie), Antiviraux (pharmacologie), Cellules Vero, Chloroquine (pharmacologie), Concentration inhibitrice 50, Facteurs temps, Humains, RT-PCR, Relation dose-effet des médicaments, Réplication virale, Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (traitement médicamenteux), Virus du SRAS (métabolisme).
- MESH :
- métabolisme : ARN complémentaire, Virus du SRAS.
- pharmacologie : Antipaludiques, Antiviraux, Chloroquine.
- traitement médicamenteux : Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère.
- Animaux, Cellules Vero, Concentration inhibitrice 50, Facteurs temps, Humains, RT-PCR, Relation dose-effet des médicaments, Réplication virale.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Antimalarials (pharmacology), Antiviral Agents (pharmacology), Chlorocebus aethiops, Chloroquine (pharmacology), Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Inhibitory Concentration 50, RNA, Complementary (metabolism), Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, SARS Virus (metabolism), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (drug therapy), Time Factors, Vero Cells, Virus Replication.
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : RNA, Complementary.
- chemical , pharmacology : Antimalarials, Antiviral Agents, Chloroquine.
- drug therapy : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- metabolism : SARS Virus.
- Animals, Chlorocebus aethiops, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Time Factors, Vero Cells, Virus Replication.
Abstract
We report on chloroquine, a 4-amino-quinoline, as an effective inhibitor of the replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in vitro. Chloroquine is a clinically approved drug effective against malaria. We tested chloroquine phosphate for its antiviral potential against SARS-CoV-induced cytopathicity in Vero E6 cell culture. Results indicate that the IC50 of chloroquine for antiviral activity (8.8 +/- 1.2 microM) was significantly lower than its cytostatic activity; CC50 (261.3 +/- 14.5 microM), yielding a selectivity index of 30. The IC50 of chloroquine for inhibition of SARS-CoV in vitro approximates the plasma concentrations of chloroquine reached during treatment of acute malaria. Addition of chloroquine to infected cultures could be delayed for up to 5h postinfection, without an important drop in antiviral activity. Chloroquine, an old antimalarial drug, may be considered for immediate use in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV infections.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.085
PubMed: 15351731
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:15351731Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine.</title><author><name sortKey="Keyaerts, Els" sort="Keyaerts, Els" uniqKey="Keyaerts E" first="Els" last="Keyaerts">Els Keyaerts</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province du Brabant flamand</region><settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vijgen, Leen" sort="Vijgen, Leen" uniqKey="Vijgen L" first="Leen" last="Vijgen">Leen Vijgen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maes, Piet" sort="Maes, Piet" uniqKey="Maes P" first="Piet" last="Maes">Piet Maes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Neyts, Johan" sort="Neyts, Johan" uniqKey="Neyts J" first="Johan" last="Neyts">Johan Neyts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Ranst, Marc" sort="Van Ranst, Marc" uniqKey="Van Ranst M" first="Marc" last="Van Ranst">Marc Van Ranst</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2004">2004</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:15351731</idno><idno type="pmid">15351731</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.085</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002B74</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002B74</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002B74</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002B74</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002C46</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002C46</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine.</title><author><name sortKey="Keyaerts, Els" sort="Keyaerts, Els" uniqKey="Keyaerts E" first="Els" last="Keyaerts">Els Keyaerts</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province du Brabant flamand</region><settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vijgen, Leen" sort="Vijgen, Leen" uniqKey="Vijgen L" first="Leen" last="Vijgen">Leen Vijgen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maes, Piet" sort="Maes, Piet" uniqKey="Maes P" first="Piet" last="Maes">Piet Maes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Neyts, Johan" sort="Neyts, Johan" uniqKey="Neyts J" first="Johan" last="Neyts">Johan Neyts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Ranst, Marc" sort="Van Ranst, Marc" uniqKey="Van Ranst M" first="Marc" last="Van Ranst">Marc Van Ranst</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Biochemical and biophysical research communications</title><idno type="ISSN">0006-291X</idno><imprint><date when="2004" type="published">2004</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Antimalarials (pharmacology)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (pharmacology)</term><term>Chlorocebus aethiops</term><term>Chloroquine (pharmacology)</term><term>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</term><term>Humans</term><term>Inhibitory Concentration 50</term><term>RNA, Complementary (metabolism)</term><term>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</term><term>SARS Virus (metabolism)</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (drug therapy)</term><term>Time Factors</term><term>Vero Cells</term><term>Virus Replication</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>ARN complémentaire (métabolisme)</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Antipaludiques (pharmacologie)</term><term>Antiviraux (pharmacologie)</term><term>Cellules Vero</term><term>Chloroquine (pharmacologie)</term><term>Concentration inhibitrice 50</term><term>Facteurs temps</term><term>Humains</term><term>RT-PCR</term><term>Relation dose-effet des médicaments</term><term>Réplication virale</term><term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Virus du SRAS (métabolisme)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>RNA, Complementary</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Antimalarials</term><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Chloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS Virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>ARN complémentaire</term><term>Virus du SRAS</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antipaludiques</term><term>Antiviraux</term><term>Chloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Chlorocebus aethiops</term><term>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</term><term>Humans</term><term>Inhibitory Concentration 50</term><term>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</term><term>Time Factors</term><term>Vero Cells</term><term>Virus Replication</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Cellules Vero</term><term>Concentration inhibitrice 50</term><term>Facteurs temps</term><term>Humains</term><term>RT-PCR</term><term>Relation dose-effet des médicaments</term><term>Réplication virale</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We report on chloroquine, a 4-amino-quinoline, as an effective inhibitor of the replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in vitro. Chloroquine is a clinically approved drug effective against malaria. We tested chloroquine phosphate for its antiviral potential against SARS-CoV-induced cytopathicity in Vero E6 cell culture. Results indicate that the IC50 of chloroquine for antiviral activity (8.8 +/- 1.2 microM) was significantly lower than its cytostatic activity; CC50 (261.3 +/- 14.5 microM), yielding a selectivity index of 30. The IC50 of chloroquine for inhibition of SARS-CoV in vitro approximates the plasma concentrations of chloroquine reached during treatment of acute malaria. Addition of chloroquine to infected cultures could be delayed for up to 5h postinfection, without an important drop in antiviral activity. Chloroquine, an old antimalarial drug, may be considered for immediate use in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV infections.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">15351731</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2004</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>23</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>04</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0006-291X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>323</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2004</Year><Month>Oct</Month><Day>08</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Biochemical and biophysical research communications</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>264-8</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>We report on chloroquine, a 4-amino-quinoline, as an effective inhibitor of the replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in vitro. Chloroquine is a clinically approved drug effective against malaria. We tested chloroquine phosphate for its antiviral potential against SARS-CoV-induced cytopathicity in Vero E6 cell culture. Results indicate that the IC50 of chloroquine for antiviral activity (8.8 +/- 1.2 microM) was significantly lower than its cytostatic activity; CC50 (261.3 +/- 14.5 microM), yielding a selectivity index of 30. The IC50 of chloroquine for inhibition of SARS-CoV in vitro approximates the plasma concentrations of chloroquine reached during treatment of acute malaria. Addition of chloroquine to infected cultures could be delayed for up to 5h postinfection, without an important drop in antiviral activity. Chloroquine, an old antimalarial drug, may be considered for immediate use in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV infections.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright 2004 Elsevier Inc.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Keyaerts</LastName><ForeName>Els</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vijgen</LastName><ForeName>Leen</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maes</LastName><ForeName>Piet</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Neyts</LastName><ForeName>Johan</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Van Ranst</LastName><ForeName>Marc</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Biochem Biophys Res Commun</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0372516</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0006-291X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000962">Antimalarials</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D018075">RNA, Complementary</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>886U3H6UFF</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D002738">Chloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000962" MajorTopicYN="N">Antimalarials</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000998" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002522" MajorTopicYN="N">Chlorocebus aethiops</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002738" MajorTopicYN="N">Chloroquine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004305" MajorTopicYN="N">Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020128" MajorTopicYN="N">Inhibitory Concentration 50</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018075" MajorTopicYN="N">RNA, Complementary</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020133" MajorTopicYN="N">Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D045473" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS Virus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D045169" MajorTopicYN="N">Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013997" MajorTopicYN="N">Time Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014709" MajorTopicYN="N">Vero Cells</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014779" MajorTopicYN="N">Virus Replication</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2004</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>11</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2004</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2004</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2004</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15351731</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.085</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0006-291X(04)01839-X</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7092815</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Scand J Rheumatol. 1978;7(3):171-6</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">364636</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Immunol Lett. 1998 Nov;64(1):45-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9865601</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Immunol Methods. 1995 Feb 13;179(1):95-103</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">7868929</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2004 Jun;4(6):827-36</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15174965</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1996 Sep;16(9):725-31</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8887057</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Virol Methods. 1988 Aug;20(4):309-21</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">2460479</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Jul;48(7):2693-6</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15215127</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Med Trop (Mars). 1990 Jan-Mar;50(1):103-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">2195275</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1990 Apr;6(4):481-9</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">1692728</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Mol Cell Probes. 2002 Apr;16(2):99-110</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12030760</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Int J Infect Dis. 2004 Jul;8(4):223-6</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15234326</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1394-9</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12730500</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Lancet Infect Dis. 2003 Nov;3(11):722-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14592603</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Hong Kong Med J. 2003 Dec;9(6):399-406</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14660806</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2003 Jul 26;362(9380):263-70</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12892955</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>N Engl J Med. 2003 May 15;348(20):1953-66</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12690092</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Clin Virol. 2001 Feb;20(3):131-5</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">11166661</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1986 Apr;15(2):149-52</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">3752892</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>N Engl J Med. 2003 May 15;348(20):1967-76</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12690091</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Thorax. 2004 Mar;59(3):252-6</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14985565</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>CMAJ. 2003 Nov 25;169(11):1165-6</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14638651</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2003 Jun 14;361(9374):2045-6</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12814717</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Adv Exp Med Biol. 2001;494:193-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">11774468</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Gen Virol. 2003 Dec;84(Pt 12):3291-3303</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14645910</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1399-404</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12730501</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jun 4;318(3):719-25</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15144898</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2003 Apr 19;361(9366):1319-25</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12711465</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Belgique</li></country><region><li>Province du Brabant flamand</li></region><settlement><li>Louvain</li></settlement></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Maes, Piet" sort="Maes, Piet" uniqKey="Maes P" first="Piet" last="Maes">Piet Maes</name><name sortKey="Neyts, Johan" sort="Neyts, Johan" uniqKey="Neyts J" first="Johan" last="Neyts">Johan Neyts</name><name sortKey="Van Ranst, Marc" sort="Van Ranst, Marc" uniqKey="Van Ranst M" first="Marc" last="Van Ranst">Marc Van Ranst</name><name sortKey="Vijgen, Leen" sort="Vijgen, Leen" uniqKey="Vijgen L" first="Leen" last="Vijgen">Leen Vijgen</name></noCountry><country name="Belgique"><region name="Province du Brabant flamand"><name sortKey="Keyaerts, Els" sort="Keyaerts, Els" uniqKey="Keyaerts E" first="Els" last="Keyaerts">Els Keyaerts</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/SrasV1/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002C46 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 002C46 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= SrasV1
|flux= PubMed
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:15351731
|texte= In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:15351731" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SrasV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |