Coronaviruses Detected in Bats in Close Contact with Humans in Rwanda.
Identifieur interne : 000600 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000599; suivant : 000601Coronaviruses Detected in Bats in Close Contact with Humans in Rwanda.
Auteurs : Julius Nziza [Rwanda] ; Tracey Goldstein [États-Unis] ; Mike Cranfield [Rwanda] ; Paul Webala [Kenya] ; Olivier Nsengimana [Rwanda] ; Thierry Nyatanyi [États-Unis] ; Antoine Mudakikwa [Rwanda] ; Alexandre Tremeau-Bravard [États-Unis] ; Dennis Byarugaba [Ouganda] ; Jean Claude Tumushime [Rwanda] ; Ivan Emil Mwikarago [Rwanda] ; Isidore Gafarasi [Rwanda] ; Jonna Mazet [Rwanda] ; Kirsten Gilardi [Rwanda]Source :
- EcoHealth [ 1612-9210 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Bats living in close contact with people in Rwanda were tested for evidence of infection with viruses of zoonotic potential. Mucosal swabs from 503 bats representing 17 species were sampled from 2010 to 2014 and screened by consensus PCR for 11 viral families. Samples were negative for all viral families except coronaviruses, which were detected in 27 bats belonging to eight species. Known coronaviruses detected included the betacorona viruses: Kenya bat coronaviruses, Eidolon bat coronavirus, and Bat coronavirus HKU9, as well as an alphacoronavirus, Chaerephon Bat coronavirus. Novel coronaviruses included two betacorona viruses clustering with SARS-CoV, a 2d coronavirus, and an alphacoronavirus.
DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01458-8
PubMed: 31811597
Affiliations:
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Box 861, Narok, 20500, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, P.O. Box 861, Narok, 20500</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>20500</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nsengimana, Olivier" sort="Nsengimana, Olivier" uniqKey="Nsengimana O" first="Olivier" last="Nsengimana">Olivier Nsengimana</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rwanda Wildlife Conservation Association, P.O. Box 5427, Kigali, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Rwanda Wildlife Conservation Association, P.O. 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Box 6932, Kigali, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Rwanda Development Board, P.O. Box 6932, Kigali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kigali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremeau Bravard, Alexandre" sort="Tremeau Bravard, Alexandre" uniqKey="Tremeau Bravard A" first="Alexandre" last="Tremeau-Bravard">Alexandre Tremeau-Bravard</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Byarugaba, Dennis" sort="Byarugaba, Dennis" uniqKey="Byarugaba D" first="Dennis" last="Byarugaba">Dennis Byarugaba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Makerere University Walter Reed Project, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Makerere University Walter Reed Project, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tumushime, Jean Claude" sort="Tumushime, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Tumushime J" first="Jean Claude" last="Tumushime">Jean Claude Tumushime</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Musanze</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mwikarago, Ivan Emil" sort="Mwikarago, Ivan Emil" uniqKey="Mwikarago I" first="Ivan Emil" last="Mwikarago">Ivan Emil Mwikarago</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Reference Laboratory, Rwanda Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 83, Kigali, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>National Reference Laboratory, Rwanda Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 83, Kigali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kigali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gafarasi, Isidore" sort="Gafarasi, Isidore" uniqKey="Gafarasi I" first="Isidore" last="Gafarasi">Isidore Gafarasi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rwanda Agriculture Board, P.O. Box 5016, Kigali, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Rwanda Agriculture Board, P.O. Box 5016, Kigali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kigali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mazet, Jonna" sort="Mazet, Jonna" uniqKey="Mazet J" first="Jonna" last="Mazet">Jonna Mazet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Musanze</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilardi, Kirsten" sort="Gilardi, Kirsten" uniqKey="Gilardi K" first="Kirsten" last="Gilardi">Kirsten Gilardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Musanze</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:31811597</idno><idno type="pmid">31811597</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s10393-019-01458-8</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000854</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000854</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000854</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000854</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000600</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000600</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Coronaviruses Detected in Bats in Close Contact with Humans in Rwanda.</title><author><name sortKey="Nziza, Julius" sort="Nziza, Julius" uniqKey="Nziza J" first="Julius" last="Nziza">Julius Nziza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze, Rwanda. nzizavet@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Musanze</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goldstein, Tracey" sort="Goldstein, Tracey" uniqKey="Goldstein T" first="Tracey" last="Goldstein">Tracey Goldstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cranfield, Mike" sort="Cranfield, Mike" uniqKey="Cranfield M" first="Mike" last="Cranfield">Mike Cranfield</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Musanze</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webala, Paul" sort="Webala, Paul" uniqKey="Webala P" first="Paul" last="Webala">Paul Webala</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, P.O. Box 861, Narok, 20500, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, P.O. Box 861, Narok, 20500</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>20500</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nsengimana, Olivier" sort="Nsengimana, Olivier" uniqKey="Nsengimana O" first="Olivier" last="Nsengimana">Olivier Nsengimana</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rwanda Wildlife Conservation Association, P.O. Box 5427, Kigali, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Rwanda Wildlife Conservation Association, P.O. Box 5427, Kigali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kigali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyatanyi, Thierry" sort="Nyatanyi, Thierry" uniqKey="Nyatanyi T" first="Thierry" last="Nyatanyi">Thierry Nyatanyi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mudakikwa, Antoine" sort="Mudakikwa, Antoine" uniqKey="Mudakikwa A" first="Antoine" last="Mudakikwa">Antoine Mudakikwa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rwanda Development Board, P.O. Box 6932, Kigali, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Rwanda Development Board, P.O. Box 6932, Kigali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kigali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremeau Bravard, Alexandre" sort="Tremeau Bravard, Alexandre" uniqKey="Tremeau Bravard A" first="Alexandre" last="Tremeau-Bravard">Alexandre Tremeau-Bravard</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Byarugaba, Dennis" sort="Byarugaba, Dennis" uniqKey="Byarugaba D" first="Dennis" last="Byarugaba">Dennis Byarugaba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Makerere University Walter Reed Project, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Makerere University Walter Reed Project, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tumushime, Jean Claude" sort="Tumushime, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Tumushime J" first="Jean Claude" last="Tumushime">Jean Claude Tumushime</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Musanze</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mwikarago, Ivan Emil" sort="Mwikarago, Ivan Emil" uniqKey="Mwikarago I" first="Ivan Emil" last="Mwikarago">Ivan Emil Mwikarago</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Reference Laboratory, Rwanda Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 83, Kigali, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>National Reference Laboratory, Rwanda Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 83, Kigali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kigali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gafarasi, Isidore" sort="Gafarasi, Isidore" uniqKey="Gafarasi I" first="Isidore" last="Gafarasi">Isidore Gafarasi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rwanda Agriculture Board, P.O. Box 5016, Kigali, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Rwanda Agriculture Board, P.O. Box 5016, Kigali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kigali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mazet, Jonna" sort="Mazet, Jonna" uniqKey="Mazet J" first="Jonna" last="Mazet">Jonna Mazet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Musanze</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilardi, Kirsten" sort="Gilardi, Kirsten" uniqKey="Gilardi K" first="Kirsten" last="Gilardi">Kirsten Gilardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Musanze</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">EcoHealth</title><idno type="eISSN">1612-9210</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Bats living in close contact with people in Rwanda were tested for evidence of infection with viruses of zoonotic potential. Mucosal swabs from 503 bats representing 17 species were sampled from 2010 to 2014 and screened by consensus PCR for 11 viral families. Samples were negative for all viral families except coronaviruses, which were detected in 27 bats belonging to eight species. Known coronaviruses detected included the betacorona viruses: Kenya bat coronaviruses, Eidolon bat coronavirus, and Bat coronavirus HKU9, as well as an alphacoronavirus, Chaerephon Bat coronavirus. Novel coronaviruses included two betacorona viruses clustering with SARS-CoV, a 2d coronavirus, and an alphacoronavirus.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Data-Review" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">31811597</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>02</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1612-9210</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>17</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Mar</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>EcoHealth</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Ecohealth</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Coronaviruses Detected in Bats in Close Contact with Humans in Rwanda.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>152-159</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s10393-019-01458-8</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Bats living in close contact with people in Rwanda were tested for evidence of infection with viruses of zoonotic potential. Mucosal swabs from 503 bats representing 17 species were sampled from 2010 to 2014 and screened by consensus PCR for 11 viral families. Samples were negative for all viral families except coronaviruses, which were detected in 27 bats belonging to eight species. Known coronaviruses detected included the betacorona viruses: Kenya bat coronaviruses, Eidolon bat coronavirus, and Bat coronavirus HKU9, as well as an alphacoronavirus, Chaerephon Bat coronavirus. Novel coronaviruses included two betacorona viruses clustering with SARS-CoV, a 2d coronavirus, and an alphacoronavirus.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nziza</LastName><ForeName>Julius</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze, Rwanda. nzizavet@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Goldstein</LastName><ForeName>Tracey</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cranfield</LastName><ForeName>Mike</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze, Rwanda.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Webala</LastName><ForeName>Paul</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, P.O. Box 861, Narok, 20500, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nsengimana</LastName><ForeName>Olivier</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rwanda Wildlife Conservation Association, P.O. Box 5427, Kigali, Rwanda.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nyatanyi</LastName><ForeName>Thierry</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mudakikwa</LastName><ForeName>Antoine</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rwanda Development Board, P.O. Box 6932, Kigali, Rwanda.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tremeau-Bravard</LastName><ForeName>Alexandre</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Byarugaba</LastName><ForeName>Dennis</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Makerere University Walter Reed Project, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tumushime</LastName><ForeName>Jean Claude</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze, Rwanda.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mwikarago</LastName><ForeName>Ivan Emil</ForeName><Initials>IE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Reference Laboratory, Rwanda Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 83, Kigali, Rwanda.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gafarasi</LastName><ForeName>Isidore</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rwanda Agriculture Board, P.O. Box 5016, Kigali, Rwanda.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mazet</LastName><ForeName>Jonna</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze, Rwanda.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gilardi</LastName><ForeName>Kirsten</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gorilla Doctors, P.O. Box 115, Musanze, Rwanda.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>06</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Ecohealth</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101222144</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1612-9202</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Bats</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Coronaviruses</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Human–wildlife interfaces</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Rwanda</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2019</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>05</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2019</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>10</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31811597</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1007/s10393-019-01458-8</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1007/s10393-019-01458-8</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Kenya</li><li>Ouganda</li><li>Rwanda</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li><li>Massachusetts</li></region><settlement><li>Boston</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Harvard</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Rwanda"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nziza, Julius" sort="Nziza, Julius" uniqKey="Nziza J" first="Julius" last="Nziza">Julius Nziza</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Cranfield, Mike" sort="Cranfield, Mike" uniqKey="Cranfield M" first="Mike" last="Cranfield">Mike Cranfield</name><name sortKey="Gafarasi, Isidore" sort="Gafarasi, Isidore" uniqKey="Gafarasi I" first="Isidore" last="Gafarasi">Isidore Gafarasi</name><name sortKey="Gilardi, Kirsten" sort="Gilardi, Kirsten" uniqKey="Gilardi K" first="Kirsten" last="Gilardi">Kirsten Gilardi</name><name sortKey="Mazet, Jonna" sort="Mazet, Jonna" uniqKey="Mazet J" first="Jonna" last="Mazet">Jonna Mazet</name><name sortKey="Mudakikwa, Antoine" sort="Mudakikwa, Antoine" uniqKey="Mudakikwa A" first="Antoine" last="Mudakikwa">Antoine Mudakikwa</name><name sortKey="Mwikarago, Ivan Emil" sort="Mwikarago, Ivan Emil" uniqKey="Mwikarago I" first="Ivan Emil" last="Mwikarago">Ivan Emil Mwikarago</name><name sortKey="Nsengimana, Olivier" sort="Nsengimana, Olivier" uniqKey="Nsengimana O" first="Olivier" last="Nsengimana">Olivier Nsengimana</name><name sortKey="Tumushime, Jean Claude" sort="Tumushime, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Tumushime J" first="Jean Claude" last="Tumushime">Jean Claude Tumushime</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Goldstein, Tracey" sort="Goldstein, Tracey" uniqKey="Goldstein T" first="Tracey" last="Goldstein">Tracey Goldstein</name></region><name sortKey="Nyatanyi, Thierry" sort="Nyatanyi, Thierry" uniqKey="Nyatanyi T" first="Thierry" last="Nyatanyi">Thierry Nyatanyi</name><name sortKey="Tremeau Bravard, Alexandre" sort="Tremeau Bravard, Alexandre" uniqKey="Tremeau Bravard A" first="Alexandre" last="Tremeau-Bravard">Alexandre Tremeau-Bravard</name></country><country name="Kenya"><noRegion><name sortKey="Webala, Paul" sort="Webala, Paul" uniqKey="Webala P" first="Paul" last="Webala">Paul Webala</name></noRegion></country><country name="Ouganda"><noRegion><name sortKey="Byarugaba, Dennis" sort="Byarugaba, Dennis" uniqKey="Byarugaba D" first="Dennis" last="Byarugaba">Dennis Byarugaba</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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