SARS coronavirus and innate immunity
Identifieur interne : 001590 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 001589; suivant : 001591SARS coronavirus and innate immunity
Auteurs : Matthew Frieman [États-Unis] ; Mark Heise [États-Unis] ; Ralph Baric [États-Unis]Source :
- Virus Research [ 0168-1702 ] ; 2007.
Abstract
The emergence of the highly pathogenic SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has reignited interest in coronavirus biology and pathogenesis. An emerging theme in coronavirus pathogenesis is that the interaction between specific viral genes and the host immune system, specifically the innate immune system, functions as a key determinant in regulating virulence and disease outcomes. Using SARS-CoV as a model, we will review the current knowledge of the interplay between coronavirus infection and the host innate immune system in vivo, and then discuss the mechanisms by which specific gene products antagonize the host innate immune response in cell culture models. Our data suggests that the SARS-CoV uses specific strategies to evade and antagonize the sensing and signaling arms of the interferon pathway. We summarize by identifying future points of consideration that will contribute greatly to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing coronavirus pathogenesis and virulence, and the development of severe disease in humans and animals.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.015
PubMed: 17451827
PubMed Central: 2292640
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :001590
Links to Exploration step
PMC:2292640Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">SARS coronavirus and innate immunity</title><author><name sortKey="Frieman, Matthew" sort="Frieman, Matthew" uniqKey="Frieman M" first="Matthew" last="Frieman">Matthew Frieman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heise, Mark" sort="Heise, Mark" uniqKey="Heise M" first="Mark" last="Heise">Mark Heise</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baric, Ralph" sort="Baric, Ralph" uniqKey="Baric R" first="Ralph" last="Baric">Ralph Baric</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">17451827</idno><idno type="pmc">2292640</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292640</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2292640</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.015</idno><date when="2007">2007</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001590</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001590</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001590</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001590</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">SARS coronavirus and innate immunity</title><author><name sortKey="Frieman, Matthew" sort="Frieman, Matthew" uniqKey="Frieman M" first="Matthew" last="Frieman">Matthew Frieman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heise, Mark" sort="Heise, Mark" uniqKey="Heise M" first="Mark" last="Heise">Mark Heise</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baric, Ralph" sort="Baric, Ralph" uniqKey="Baric R" first="Ralph" last="Baric">Ralph Baric</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Virus Research</title><idno type="ISSN">0168-1702</idno><idno type="eISSN">1872-7492</idno><imprint><date when="2007">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The emergence of the highly pathogenic SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has reignited interest in coronavirus biology and pathogenesis. An emerging theme in coronavirus pathogenesis is that the interaction between specific viral genes and the host immune system, specifically the innate immune system, functions as a key determinant in regulating virulence and disease outcomes. Using SARS-CoV as a model, we will review the current knowledge of the interplay between coronavirus infection and the host innate immune system in vivo, and then discuss the mechanisms by which specific gene products antagonize the host innate immune response in cell culture models. Our data suggests that the SARS-CoV uses specific strategies to evade and antagonize the sensing and signaling arms of the interferon pathway. We summarize by identifying future points of consideration that will contribute greatly to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing coronavirus pathogenesis and virulence, and the development of severe disease in humans and animals.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Akira, S" uniqKey="Akira S">S. Akira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hemmi, H" uniqKey="Hemmi H">H. Hemmi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Andrejeva, J" uniqKey="Andrejeva J">J. Andrejeva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Childs, K S" uniqKey="Childs K">K.S. Childs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Young, D F" uniqKey="Young D">D.F. Young</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carlos, T S" uniqKey="Carlos T">T.S. Carlos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stock, N" uniqKey="Stock N">N. Stock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goodbourn, S" uniqKey="Goodbourn S">S. Goodbourn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Randall, R E" uniqKey="Randall R">R.E. Randall</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Basler, C F" uniqKey="Basler C">C.F. Basler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, X" uniqKey="Wang X">X. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muhlberger, E" uniqKey="Muhlberger E">E. Muhlberger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Volchkov, V" uniqKey="Volchkov V">V. Volchkov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paragas, J" uniqKey="Paragas J">J. Paragas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klenk, H D" uniqKey="Klenk H">H.D. Klenk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Sastre, A" uniqKey="Garcia Sastre A">A. Garcia-Sastre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palese, P" uniqKey="Palese P">P. Palese</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brian, D A" uniqKey="Brian D">D.A. Brian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baric, R S" uniqKey="Baric R">R.S. Baric</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brockway, S M" uniqKey="Brockway S">S.M. Brockway</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clay, C T" uniqKey="Clay C">C.T. Clay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, X T" uniqKey="Lu X">X.T. Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Denison, M R" uniqKey="Denison M">M.R. Denison</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cardenas, W B" uniqKey="Cardenas W">W.B. Cardenas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loo, Y M" uniqKey="Loo Y">Y.M. Loo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gale, M" uniqKey="Gale M">M. Gale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hartman, A L" uniqKey="Hartman A">A.L. Hartman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kimberlin, C R" uniqKey="Kimberlin C">C.R. Kimberlin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Sobrido, L" uniqKey="Martinez Sobrido L">L. Martinez-Sobrido</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saphire, E O" uniqKey="Saphire E">E.O. Saphire</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basler, C F" uniqKey="Basler C">C.F. Basler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Castilletti, C" uniqKey="Castilletti C">C. Castilletti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bordi, L" uniqKey="Bordi L">L. Bordi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lalle, E" uniqKey="Lalle E">E. Lalle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rozera, G" uniqKey="Rozera G">G. Rozera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poccia, F" uniqKey="Poccia F">F. Poccia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Agrati, C" uniqKey="Agrati C">C. Agrati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abbate, I" uniqKey="Abbate I">I. Abbate</name></author><author><name sortKey="Capobianchi, M R" uniqKey="Capobianchi M">M.R. Capobianchi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cella, M" uniqKey="Cella M">M. Cella</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jarrossay, D" uniqKey="Jarrossay D">D. Jarrossay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Facchetti, F" uniqKey="Facchetti F">F. Facchetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alebardi, O" uniqKey="Alebardi O">O. Alebardi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakajima, H" uniqKey="Nakajima H">H. Nakajima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lanzavecchia, A" uniqKey="Lanzavecchia A">A. Lanzavecchia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Colonna, M" uniqKey="Colonna M">M. Colonna</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cervantes Barragan, L" uniqKey="Cervantes Barragan L">L. Cervantes-Barragan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zust, R" uniqKey="Zust R">R. Zust</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weber, F" uniqKey="Weber F">F. Weber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spiegel, M" uniqKey="Spiegel M">M. Spiegel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, K S" uniqKey="Lang K">K.S. Lang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akira, S" uniqKey="Akira S">S. Akira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thiel, V" uniqKey="Thiel V">V. Thiel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ludewig, B" uniqKey="Ludewig B">B. Ludewig</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Charley, B" uniqKey="Charley B">B. Charley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laude, H" uniqKey="Laude H">H. Laude</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chow, K C" uniqKey="Chow K">K.C. Chow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hsiao, C H" uniqKey="Hsiao C">C.H. Hsiao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, T Y" uniqKey="Lin T">T.Y. Lin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, C L" uniqKey="Chen C">C.L. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chiou, S H" uniqKey="Chiou S">S.H. Chiou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cinatl, J" uniqKey="Cinatl J">J. Cinatl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoever, G" uniqKey="Hoever G">G. Hoever</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morgenstern, B" uniqKey="Morgenstern B">B. Morgenstern</name></author><author><name sortKey="Preiser, W" uniqKey="Preiser W">W. Preiser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vogel, J U" uniqKey="Vogel J">J.U. Vogel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hofmann, W K" uniqKey="Hofmann W">W.K. Hofmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bauer, G" uniqKey="Bauer G">G. Bauer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michaelis, M" uniqKey="Michaelis M">M. Michaelis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rabenau, H F" uniqKey="Rabenau H">H.F. Rabenau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Doerr, H W" uniqKey="Doerr H">H.W. Doerr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Colonna, M" uniqKey="Colonna M">M. Colonna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trinchieri, G" uniqKey="Trinchieri G">G. Trinchieri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Y J" uniqKey="Liu Y">Y.J. Liu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cruz, C D" uniqKey="Cruz C">C.D. Cruz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palosaari, H" uniqKey="Palosaari H">H. Palosaari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parisien, J P" uniqKey="Parisien J">J.P. Parisien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Devaux, P" uniqKey="Devaux P">P. Devaux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cattaneo, R" uniqKey="Cattaneo R">R. Cattaneo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ouchi, T" uniqKey="Ouchi T">T. Ouchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horvath, C M" uniqKey="Horvath C">C.M. Horvath</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Diamond, M S" uniqKey="Diamond M">M.S. Diamond</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shrestha, B" uniqKey="Shrestha B">B. Shrestha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mehlhop, E" uniqKey="Mehlhop E">E. Mehlhop</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sitati, E" uniqKey="Sitati E">E. Sitati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Engle, M" uniqKey="Engle M">M. Engle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eckerle, L D" uniqKey="Eckerle L">L.D. Eckerle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brockway, S M" uniqKey="Brockway S">S.M. Brockway</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sperry, S M" uniqKey="Sperry S">S.M. Sperry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, X" uniqKey="Lu X">X. Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Denison, M R" uniqKey="Denison M">M.R. Denison</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gale, M J" uniqKey="Gale M">M.J. Gale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Korth, M J" uniqKey="Korth M">M.J. Korth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, N M" uniqKey="Tang N">N.M. Tang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, S L" uniqKey="Tan S">S.L. Tan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hopkins, D A" uniqKey="Hopkins D">D.A. Hopkins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dever, T E" uniqKey="Dever T">T.E. Dever</name></author><author><name sortKey="Polyak, S J" uniqKey="Polyak S">S.J. Polyak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gretch, D R" uniqKey="Gretch D">D.R. Gretch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katze, M G" uniqKey="Katze M">M.G. Katze</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Garcia Sastre, A" uniqKey="Garcia Sastre A">A. Garcia-Sastre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Biron, C A" uniqKey="Biron C">C.A. Biron</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goldsmith, C S" uniqKey="Goldsmith C">C.S. Goldsmith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tatti, K M" uniqKey="Tatti K">K.M. Tatti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ksiazek, T G" uniqKey="Ksiazek T">T.G. Ksiazek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rollin, P E" uniqKey="Rollin P">P.E. Rollin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Comer, J A" uniqKey="Comer J">J.A. Comer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, W W" uniqKey="Lee W">W.W. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rota, P A" uniqKey="Rota P">P.A. Rota</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bankamp, B" uniqKey="Bankamp B">B. Bankamp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bellini, W J" uniqKey="Bellini W">W.J. Bellini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zaki, S R" uniqKey="Zaki S">S.R. Zaki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gosert, R" uniqKey="Gosert R">R. Gosert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kanjanahaluethai, A" uniqKey="Kanjanahaluethai A">A. Kanjanahaluethai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Egger, D" uniqKey="Egger D">D. Egger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bienz, K" uniqKey="Bienz K">K. Bienz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baker, S C" uniqKey="Baker S">S.C. Baker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hartman, A L" uniqKey="Hartman A">A.L. Hartman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Towner, J S" uniqKey="Towner J">J.S. Towner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nichol, S T" uniqKey="Nichol S">S.T. Nichol</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hiscott, J" uniqKey="Hiscott J">J. Hiscott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lacoste, J" uniqKey="Lacoste J">J. Lacoste</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, R" uniqKey="Lin R">R. Lin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hiscott, J" uniqKey="Hiscott J">J. Hiscott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, R" uniqKey="Lin R">R. Lin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakhaei, P" uniqKey="Nakhaei P">P. Nakhaei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paz, S" uniqKey="Paz S">S. Paz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hornung, V" uniqKey="Hornung V">V. Hornung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ellegast, J" uniqKey="Ellegast J">J. Ellegast</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, S" uniqKey="Kim S">S. Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brzozka, K" uniqKey="Brzozka K">K. Brzozka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jung, A" uniqKey="Jung A">A. Jung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kato, H" uniqKey="Kato H">H. Kato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poeck, H" uniqKey="Poeck H">H. Poeck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akira, S" uniqKey="Akira S">S. Akira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conzelmann, K K" uniqKey="Conzelmann K">K.K. Conzelmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schlee, M" uniqKey="Schlee M">M. Schlee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Endres, S" uniqKey="Endres S">S. Endres</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hartmann, G" uniqKey="Hartmann G">G. Hartmann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huang, C" uniqKey="Huang C">C. Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ito, N" uniqKey="Ito N">N. Ito</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tseng, C T" uniqKey="Tseng C">C.T. Tseng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Makino, S" uniqKey="Makino S">S. Makino</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huang, C" uniqKey="Huang C">C. Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, C J" uniqKey="Peters C">C.J. Peters</name></author><author><name sortKey="Makino, S" uniqKey="Makino S">S. Makino</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Isaacs, A" uniqKey="Isaacs A">A. Isaacs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lindenmann, J" uniqKey="Lindenmann J">J. Lindenmann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ito, T" uniqKey="Ito T">T. Ito</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y H" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y.H. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Y J" uniqKey="Liu Y">Y.J. Liu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Y" uniqKey="Jiang Y">Y. Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, J" uniqKey="Xu J">J. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, C" uniqKey="Zhou C">C. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Z" uniqKey="Wu Z">Z. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhong, S" uniqKey="Zhong S">S. Zhong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, J" uniqKey="Liu J">J. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, W" uniqKey="Luo W">W. Luo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, T" uniqKey="Chen T">T. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qin, Q" uniqKey="Qin Q">Q. Qin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, P" uniqKey="Deng P">P. Deng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kash, J C" uniqKey="Kash J">J.C. Kash</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muhlberger, E" uniqKey="Muhlberger E">E. Muhlberger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carter, V" uniqKey="Carter V">V. Carter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grosch, M" uniqKey="Grosch M">M. Grosch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perwitasari, O" uniqKey="Perwitasari O">O. Perwitasari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Proll, S C" uniqKey="Proll S">S.C. Proll</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, M J" uniqKey="Thomas M">M.J. Thomas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weber, F" uniqKey="Weber F">F. Weber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klenk, H D" uniqKey="Klenk H">H.D. Klenk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katze, M G" uniqKey="Katze M">M.G. Katze</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Katze, M G" uniqKey="Katze M">M.G. Katze</name></author><author><name sortKey="He, Y" uniqKey="He Y">Y. He</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gale, M" uniqKey="Gale M">M. Gale</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kopecky Bromberg, S A" uniqKey="Kopecky Bromberg S">S.A. Kopecky-Bromberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Sobrido, L" uniqKey="Martinez Sobrido L">L. Martinez-Sobrido</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frieman, M" uniqKey="Frieman M">M. Frieman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baric, R A" uniqKey="Baric R">R.A. Baric</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palese, P" uniqKey="Palese P">P. Palese</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="La Bonnardiere, C" uniqKey="La Bonnardiere C">C. La Bonnardiere</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laude, H" uniqKey="Laude H">H. Laude</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Laiosa, C V" uniqKey="Laiosa C">C.V. Laiosa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stadtfeld, M" uniqKey="Stadtfeld M">M. Stadtfeld</name></author><author><name sortKey="Graf, T" uniqKey="Graf T">T. Graf</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lanford, R E" uniqKey="Lanford R">R.E. Lanford</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guerra, B" uniqKey="Guerra B">B. Guerra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, H" uniqKey="Lee H">H. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Averett, D R" uniqKey="Averett D">D.R. Averett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pfeiffer, B" uniqKey="Pfeiffer B">B. Pfeiffer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chavez, D" uniqKey="Chavez D">D. Chavez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Notvall, L" uniqKey="Notvall L">L. Notvall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bigger, C" uniqKey="Bigger C">C. Bigger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Law, H K" uniqKey="Law H">H.K. Law</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cheung, C Y" uniqKey="Cheung C">C.Y. Cheung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ng, H Y" uniqKey="Ng H">H.Y. Ng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sia, S F" uniqKey="Sia S">S.F. Sia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Y O" uniqKey="Chan Y">Y.O. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luk, W" uniqKey="Luk W">W. Luk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nicholls, J M" uniqKey="Nicholls J">J.M. Nicholls</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, J S" uniqKey="Peiris J">J.S. Peiris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Y L" uniqKey="Lau Y">Y.L. Lau</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, K" uniqKey="Li K">K. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Foy, E" uniqKey="Foy E">E. Foy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreon, J C" uniqKey="Ferreon J">J.C. Ferreon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, M" uniqKey="Nakamura M">M. Nakamura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreon, A C" uniqKey="Ferreon A">A.C. Ferreon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ikeda, M" uniqKey="Ikeda M">M. Ikeda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ray, S C" uniqKey="Ray S">S.C. Ray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gale, M" uniqKey="Gale M">M. Gale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lemon, S M" uniqKey="Lemon S">S.M. Lemon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, X D" uniqKey="Li X">X.D. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, L" uniqKey="Sun L">L. Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seth, R B" uniqKey="Seth R">R.B. Seth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pineda, G" uniqKey="Pineda G">G. Pineda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Z J" uniqKey="Chen Z">Z.J. Chen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lin, R" uniqKey="Lin R">R. Lin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lacoste, J" uniqKey="Lacoste J">J. Lacoste</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakhaei, P" uniqKey="Nakhaei P">P. Nakhaei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Q" uniqKey="Sun Q">Q. Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, L" uniqKey="Yang L">L. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paz, S" uniqKey="Paz S">S. Paz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkinson, P" uniqKey="Wilkinson P">P. Wilkinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Julkunen, I" uniqKey="Julkunen I">I. Julkunen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vitour, D" uniqKey="Vitour D">D. Vitour</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meurs, E" uniqKey="Meurs E">E. Meurs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hiscott, J" uniqKey="Hiscott J">J. Hiscott</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marra, M A" uniqKey="Marra M">M.A. Marra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, S J" uniqKey="Jones S">S.J. Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Astell, C R" uniqKey="Astell C">C.R. Astell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holt, R A" uniqKey="Holt R">R.A. Holt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brooks Wilson, A" uniqKey="Brooks Wilson A">A. Brooks-Wilson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Butterfield, Y S" uniqKey="Butterfield Y">Y.S. Butterfield</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khattra, J" uniqKey="Khattra J">J. Khattra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asano, J K" uniqKey="Asano J">J.K. Asano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barber, S A" uniqKey="Barber S">S.A. Barber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, S Y" uniqKey="Chan S">S.Y. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cloutier, A" uniqKey="Cloutier A">A. Cloutier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coughlin, S M" uniqKey="Coughlin S">S.M. Coughlin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Freeman, D" uniqKey="Freeman D">D. Freeman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Girn, N" uniqKey="Girn N">N. Girn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Griffith, O L" uniqKey="Griffith O">O.L. Griffith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leach, S R" uniqKey="Leach S">S.R. Leach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mayo, M" uniqKey="Mayo M">M. Mayo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, H" uniqKey="Mcdonald H">H. McDonald</name></author><author><name sortKey="Montgomery, S B" uniqKey="Montgomery S">S.B. Montgomery</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pandoh, P K" uniqKey="Pandoh P">P.K. Pandoh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petrescu, A S" uniqKey="Petrescu A">A.S. Petrescu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robertson, A G" uniqKey="Robertson A">A.G. Robertson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schein, J E" uniqKey="Schein J">J.E. Schein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Siddiqui, A" uniqKey="Siddiqui A">A. Siddiqui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smailus, D E" uniqKey="Smailus D">D.E. Smailus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stott, J M" uniqKey="Stott J">J.M. Stott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, G S" uniqKey="Yang G">G.S. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plummer, F" uniqKey="Plummer F">F. Plummer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andonov, A" uniqKey="Andonov A">A. Andonov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Artsob, H" uniqKey="Artsob H">H. Artsob</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bastien, N" uniqKey="Bastien N">N. Bastien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bernard, K" uniqKey="Bernard K">K. Bernard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Booth, T F" uniqKey="Booth T">T.F. Booth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bowness, D" uniqKey="Bowness D">D. Bowness</name></author><author><name sortKey="Czub, M" uniqKey="Czub M">M. Czub</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drebot, M" uniqKey="Drebot M">M. Drebot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fernando, L" uniqKey="Fernando L">L. Fernando</name></author><author><name sortKey="Flick, R" uniqKey="Flick R">R. Flick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garbutt, M" uniqKey="Garbutt M">M. Garbutt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gray, M" uniqKey="Gray M">M. Gray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grolla, A" uniqKey="Grolla A">A. Grolla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, S" uniqKey="Jones S">S. Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feldmann, H" uniqKey="Feldmann H">H. Feldmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meyers, A" uniqKey="Meyers A">A. Meyers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kabani, A" uniqKey="Kabani A">A. Kabani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Normand, S" uniqKey="Normand S">S. Normand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stroher, U" uniqKey="Stroher U">U. Stroher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tipples, G A" uniqKey="Tipples G">G.A. Tipples</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tyler, S" uniqKey="Tyler S">S. Tyler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vogrig, R" uniqKey="Vogrig R">R. Vogrig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ward, D" uniqKey="Ward D">D. Ward</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watson, B" uniqKey="Watson B">B. Watson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brunham, R C" uniqKey="Brunham R">R.C. Brunham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krajden, M" uniqKey="Krajden M">M. Krajden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petric, M" uniqKey="Petric M">M. Petric</name></author><author><name sortKey="Skowronski, D M" uniqKey="Skowronski D">D.M. Skowronski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Upton, C" uniqKey="Upton C">C. Upton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roper, R L" uniqKey="Roper R">R.L. Roper</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meylan, E" uniqKey="Meylan E">E. Meylan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Curran, J" uniqKey="Curran J">J. Curran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hofmann, K" uniqKey="Hofmann K">K. Hofmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moradpour, D" uniqKey="Moradpour D">D. Moradpour</name></author><author><name sortKey="Binder, M" uniqKey="Binder M">M. Binder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bartenschlager, R" uniqKey="Bartenschlager R">R. Bartenschlager</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tschopp, J" uniqKey="Tschopp J">J. Tschopp</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nakano, H" uniqKey="Nakano H">H. Nakano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yanagita, M" uniqKey="Yanagita M">M. Yanagita</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gunn, M D" uniqKey="Gunn M">M.D. Gunn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nicholls, J M" uniqKey="Nicholls J">J.M. Nicholls</name></author><author><name sortKey="Butany, J" uniqKey="Butany J">J. Butany</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poon, L L" uniqKey="Poon L">L.L. Poon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, K H" uniqKey="Chan K">K.H. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beh, S L" uniqKey="Beh S">S.L. Beh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poutanen, S" uniqKey="Poutanen S">S. Poutanen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, J S" uniqKey="Peiris J">J.S. Peiris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, M" uniqKey="Wong M">M. Wong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Okabayashi, T" uniqKey="Okabayashi T">T. Okabayashi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kariwa, H" uniqKey="Kariwa H">H. Kariwa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yokota, S" uniqKey="Yokota S">S. Yokota</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iki, S" uniqKey="Iki S">S. Iki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Indoh, T" uniqKey="Indoh T">T. Indoh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yokosawa, N" uniqKey="Yokosawa N">N. Yokosawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takashima, I" uniqKey="Takashima I">I. Takashima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsutsumi, H" uniqKey="Tsutsumi H">H. Tsutsumi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fujii, N" uniqKey="Fujii N">N. Fujii</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Parisien, J P" uniqKey="Parisien J">J.P. Parisien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, J F" uniqKey="Lau J">J.F. Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, J J" uniqKey="Rodriguez J">J.J. Rodriguez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sullivan, B M" uniqKey="Sullivan B">B.M. Sullivan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moscona, A" uniqKey="Moscona A">A. Moscona</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parks, G D" uniqKey="Parks G">G.D. Parks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lamb, R A" uniqKey="Lamb R">R.A. Lamb</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horvath, C M" uniqKey="Horvath C">C.M. Horvath</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Park, M S" uniqKey="Park M">M.S. Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shaw, M L" uniqKey="Shaw M">M.L. Shaw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Munoz Jordan, J" uniqKey="Munoz Jordan J">J. Munoz-Jordan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cros, J F" uniqKey="Cros J">J.F. Cros</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakaya, T" uniqKey="Nakaya T">T. Nakaya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bouvier, N" uniqKey="Bouvier N">N. Bouvier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palese, P" uniqKey="Palese P">P. Palese</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Sastre, A" uniqKey="Garcia Sastre A">A. Garcia-Sastre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basler, C F" uniqKey="Basler C">C.F. Basler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pichlmair, A" uniqKey="Pichlmair A">A. Pichlmair</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schulz, O" uniqKey="Schulz O">O. Schulz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, C P" uniqKey="Tan C">C.P. Tan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naslund, T I" uniqKey="Naslund T">T.I. Naslund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liljestrom, P" uniqKey="Liljestrom P">P. Liljestrom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weber, F" uniqKey="Weber F">F. Weber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reis E Sousa, C" uniqKey="Reis E Sousa C">C. Reis e Sousa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pitkaranta, A" uniqKey="Pitkaranta A">A. Pitkaranta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hovi, T" uniqKey="Hovi T">T. Hovi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reghunathan, R" uniqKey="Reghunathan R">R. Reghunathan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jayapal, M" uniqKey="Jayapal M">M. Jayapal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hsu, L Y" uniqKey="Hsu L">L.Y. Hsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chng, H H" uniqKey="Chng H">H.H. Chng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tai, D" uniqKey="Tai D">D. Tai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, B P" uniqKey="Leung B">B.P. Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melendez, A J" uniqKey="Melendez A">A.J. Melendez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, J J" uniqKey="Rodriguez J">J.J. Rodriguez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parisien, J P" uniqKey="Parisien J">J.P. Parisien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horvath, C M" uniqKey="Horvath C">C.M. Horvath</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rota, P A" uniqKey="Rota P">P.A. Rota</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oberste, M S" uniqKey="Oberste M">M.S. Oberste</name></author><author><name sortKey="Monroe, S S" uniqKey="Monroe S">S.S. Monroe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nix, W A" uniqKey="Nix W">W.A. Nix</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campagnoli, R" uniqKey="Campagnoli R">R. Campagnoli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Icenogle, J P" uniqKey="Icenogle J">J.P. Icenogle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Penaranda, S" uniqKey="Penaranda S">S. Penaranda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bankamp, B" uniqKey="Bankamp B">B. Bankamp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maher, K" uniqKey="Maher K">K. Maher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, M H" uniqKey="Chen M">M.H. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tong, S" uniqKey="Tong S">S. Tong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tamin, A" uniqKey="Tamin A">A. Tamin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lowe, L" uniqKey="Lowe L">L. Lowe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frace, M" uniqKey="Frace M">M. Frace</name></author><author><name sortKey="Derisi, J L" uniqKey="Derisi J">J.L. DeRisi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Q" uniqKey="Chen Q">Q. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, D" uniqKey="Wang D">D. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erdman, D D" uniqKey="Erdman D">D.D. Erdman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peret, T C" uniqKey="Peret T">T.C. Peret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burns, C" uniqKey="Burns C">C. Burns</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ksiazek, T G" uniqKey="Ksiazek T">T.G. Ksiazek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rollin, P E" uniqKey="Rollin P">P.E. Rollin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, A" uniqKey="Sanchez A">A. Sanchez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liffick, S" uniqKey="Liffick S">S. Liffick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holloway, B" uniqKey="Holloway B">B. Holloway</name></author><author><name sortKey="Limor, J" uniqKey="Limor J">J. Limor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mccaustland, K" uniqKey="Mccaustland K">K. McCaustland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olsen Rasmussen, M" uniqKey="Olsen Rasmussen M">M. Olsen-Rasmussen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fouchier, R" uniqKey="Fouchier R">R. Fouchier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gunther, S" uniqKey="Gunther S">S. Gunther</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A.D. Osterhaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drosten, C" uniqKey="Drosten C">C. Drosten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pallansch, M A" uniqKey="Pallansch M">M.A. Pallansch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, L J" uniqKey="Anderson L">L.J. Anderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bellini, W J" uniqKey="Bellini W">W.J. Bellini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schaecher, S R" uniqKey="Schaecher S">S.R. Schaecher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mackenzie, J M" uniqKey="Mackenzie J">J.M. Mackenzie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pekosz, A" uniqKey="Pekosz A">A. Pekosz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sen, G C" uniqKey="Sen G">G.C. Sen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shen, S" uniqKey="Shen S">S. Shen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, P S" uniqKey="Lin P">P.S. Lin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chao, Y C" uniqKey="Chao Y">Y.C. Chao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, A" uniqKey="Zhang A">A. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, X" uniqKey="Yang X">X. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, S G" uniqKey="Lim S">S.G. Lim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hong, W" uniqKey="Hong W">W. Hong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Y J" uniqKey="Tan Y">Y.J. Tan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Siegal, F P" uniqKey="Siegal F">F.P. Siegal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kadowaki, N" uniqKey="Kadowaki N">N. Kadowaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shodell, M" uniqKey="Shodell M">M. Shodell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fitzgerald Bocarsly, P A" uniqKey="Fitzgerald Bocarsly P">P.A. Fitzgerald-Bocarsly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, K" uniqKey="Shah K">K. Shah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, S" uniqKey="Ho S">S. Ho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Antonenko, S" uniqKey="Antonenko S">S. Antonenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Y J" uniqKey="Liu Y">Y.J. Liu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simmons, G" uniqKey="Simmons G">G. Simmons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gosalia, D N" uniqKey="Gosalia D">D.N. Gosalia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rennekamp, A J" uniqKey="Rennekamp A">A.J. Rennekamp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reeves, J D" uniqKey="Reeves J">J.D. Reeves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diamond, S L" uniqKey="Diamond S">S.L. Diamond</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bates, P" uniqKey="Bates P">P. Bates</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Snijder, E J" uniqKey="Snijder E">E.J. Snijder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Meer, Y" uniqKey="Van Der Meer Y">Y. van der Meer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zevenhoven Dobbe, J" uniqKey="Zevenhoven Dobbe J">J. Zevenhoven-Dobbe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Onderwater, J J" uniqKey="Onderwater J">J.J. Onderwater</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Meulen, J" uniqKey="Van Der Meulen J">J. van der Meulen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koerten, H K" uniqKey="Koerten H">H.K. Koerten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mommaas, A M" uniqKey="Mommaas A">A.M. Mommaas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sperry, S M" uniqKey="Sperry S">S.M. Sperry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kazi, L" uniqKey="Kazi L">L. Kazi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Graham, R L" uniqKey="Graham R">R.L. Graham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baric, R S" uniqKey="Baric R">R.S. Baric</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weiss, S R" uniqKey="Weiss S">S.R. Weiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Denison, M R" uniqKey="Denison M">M.R. Denison</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spiegel, M" uniqKey="Spiegel M">M. Spiegel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pichlmair, A" uniqKey="Pichlmair A">A. Pichlmair</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Sobrido, L" uniqKey="Martinez Sobrido L">L. Martinez-Sobrido</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cros, J" uniqKey="Cros J">J. Cros</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Sastre, A" uniqKey="Garcia Sastre A">A. Garcia-Sastre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haller, O" uniqKey="Haller O">O. Haller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weber, F" uniqKey="Weber F">F. Weber</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spiegel, M" uniqKey="Spiegel M">M. Spiegel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, K" uniqKey="Schneider K">K. Schneider</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weber, F" uniqKey="Weber F">F. Weber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weidmann, M" uniqKey="Weidmann M">M. Weidmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hufert, F T" uniqKey="Hufert F">F.T. Hufert</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stark, G R" uniqKey="Stark G">G.R. Stark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kerr, I M" uniqKey="Kerr I">I.M. Kerr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, B R" uniqKey="Williams B">B.R. Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silverman, R H" uniqKey="Silverman R">R.H. Silverman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schreiber, R D" uniqKey="Schreiber R">R.D. Schreiber</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Symons, J A" uniqKey="Symons J">J.A. Symons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alcami, A" uniqKey="Alcami A">A. Alcami</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, G L" uniqKey="Smith G">G.L. Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taguchi, F" uniqKey="Taguchi F">F. Taguchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Siddell, S G" uniqKey="Siddell S">S.G. Siddell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Takaoka, A" uniqKey="Takaoka A">A. Takaoka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yanai, H" uniqKey="Yanai H">H. Yanai</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tang, B S" uniqKey="Tang B">B.S. Tang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, K H" uniqKey="Chan K">K.H. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, V C" uniqKey="Cheng V">V.C. Cheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woo, P C" uniqKey="Woo P">P.C. Woo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, S K" uniqKey="Lau S">S.K. Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, C C" uniqKey="Lam C">C.C. Lam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, T L" uniqKey="Chan T">T.L. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, A K" uniqKey="Wu A">A.K. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hung, I F" uniqKey="Hung I">I.F. Hung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, S Y" uniqKey="Leung S">S.Y. Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, K Y" uniqKey="Yuen K">K.Y. Yuen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tseng, C T" uniqKey="Tseng C">C.T. Tseng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perrone, L A" uniqKey="Perrone L">L.A. Perrone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, H" uniqKey="Zhu H">H. Zhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Makino, S" uniqKey="Makino S">S. Makino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, C J" uniqKey="Peters C">C.J. Peters</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Der Meer, Y" uniqKey="Van Der Meer Y">Y. van der Meer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Snijder, E J" uniqKey="Snijder E">E.J. Snijder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dobbe, J C" uniqKey="Dobbe J">J.C. Dobbe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schleich, S" uniqKey="Schleich S">S. Schleich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Denison, M R" uniqKey="Denison M">M.R. Denison</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spaan, W J" uniqKey="Spaan W">W.J. Spaan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Locker, J K" uniqKey="Locker J">J.K. Locker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Versteeg, G A" uniqKey="Versteeg G">G.A. Versteeg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bredenbeek, P J" uniqKey="Bredenbeek P">P.J. Bredenbeek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Worm, S H" uniqKey="Van Den Worm S">S.H. van den Worm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spaan, W J" uniqKey="Spaan W">W.J. Spaan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weiss, S R" uniqKey="Weiss S">S.R. Weiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Navas Martin, S" uniqKey="Navas Martin S">S. Navas-Martin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xiang, Y" uniqKey="Xiang Y">Y. Xiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Condit, R C" uniqKey="Condit R">R.C. Condit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vijaysri, S" uniqKey="Vijaysri S">S. Vijaysri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, B" uniqKey="Jacobs B">B. Jacobs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, B R" uniqKey="Williams B">B.R. Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silverman, R H" uniqKey="Silverman R">R.H. Silverman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ye, Y" uniqKey="Ye Y">Y. Ye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hauns, K" uniqKey="Hauns K">K. Hauns</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langland, J O" uniqKey="Langland J">J.O. Langland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, B L" uniqKey="Jacobs B">B.L. Jacobs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hogue, B G" uniqKey="Hogue B">B.G. Hogue</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yen, Y T" uniqKey="Yen Y">Y.T. Yen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liao, F" uniqKey="Liao F">F. Liao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hsiao, C H" uniqKey="Hsiao C">C.H. Hsiao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kao, C L" uniqKey="Kao C">C.L. Kao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Y C" uniqKey="Chen Y">Y.C. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu Hsieh, B A" uniqKey="Wu Hsieh B">B.A. Wu-Hsieh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yilla, M" uniqKey="Yilla M">M. Yilla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harcourt, B H" uniqKey="Harcourt B">B.H. Harcourt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hickman, C J" uniqKey="Hickman C">C.J. Hickman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgrew, M" uniqKey="Mcgrew M">M. McGrew</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tamin, A" uniqKey="Tamin A">A. Tamin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goldsmith, C S" uniqKey="Goldsmith C">C.S. Goldsmith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bellini, W J" uniqKey="Bellini W">W.J. Bellini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, L J" uniqKey="Anderson L">L.J. Anderson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yu, S Y" uniqKey="Yu S">S.Y. Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Y W" uniqKey="Hu Y">Y.W. Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, X Y" uniqKey="Liu X">X.Y. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xiong, W" uniqKey="Xiong W">W. Xiong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Z T" uniqKey="Zhou Z">Z.T. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, Z H" uniqKey="Yuan Z">Z.H. Yuan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, J" uniqKey="Li J">J. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhan, Y" uniqKey="Zhan Y">Y. Zhan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, L" uniqKey="Wu L">L. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, X" uniqKey="Yu X">X. Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, W" uniqKey="Zhang W">W. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, L" uniqKey="Ye L">L. Ye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, S" uniqKey="Xu S">S. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, R" uniqKey="Sun R">R. Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lou, J" uniqKey="Lou J">J. Lou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhou, H" uniqKey="Zhou H">H. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perlman, S" uniqKey="Perlman S">S. Perlman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Z" uniqKey="Zhou Z">Z. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoebe, K" uniqKey="Hoebe K">K. Hoebe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Du, X" uniqKey="Du X">X. Du</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Z" uniqKey="Jiang Z">Z. Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shamel, L" uniqKey="Shamel L">L. Shamel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beutler, B" uniqKey="Beutler B">B. Beutler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ziegler, T" uniqKey="Ziegler T">T. Ziegler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matikainen, S" uniqKey="Matikainen S">S. Matikainen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ronkko, E" uniqKey="Ronkko E">E. Ronkko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterlund, P" uniqKey="Osterlund P">P. Osterlund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sillanpaa, M" uniqKey="Sillanpaa M">M. Sillanpaa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Siren, J" uniqKey="Siren J">J. Siren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fagerlund, R" uniqKey="Fagerlund R">R. Fagerlund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Immonen, M" uniqKey="Immonen M">M. Immonen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melen, K" uniqKey="Melen K">K. Melen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Julkunen, I" uniqKey="Julkunen I">I. Julkunen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Virus Res</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Virus Res</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Virus Research</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0168-1702</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1872-7492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier B.V.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">17451827</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2292640</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0168-1702(07)00102-5</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.015</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>SARS coronavirus and innate immunity</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Frieman</surname><given-names>Matthew</given-names></name><email>frieman@email.unc.edu</email><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">⁎</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heise</surname><given-names>Mark</given-names></name><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref><xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref><xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">d</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baric</surname><given-names>Ralph</given-names></name><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref><xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">d</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>d</label>Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>⁎</label>Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 919 966 3890; fax: +1 919 955 0586. <email>frieman@email.unc.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>23</day><month>4</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>4</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>133</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>112</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Elsevier B.V.</copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The emergence of the highly pathogenic SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has reignited interest in coronavirus biology and pathogenesis. An emerging theme in coronavirus pathogenesis is that the interaction between specific viral genes and the host immune system, specifically the innate immune system, functions as a key determinant in regulating virulence and disease outcomes. Using SARS-CoV as a model, we will review the current knowledge of the interplay between coronavirus infection and the host innate immune system in vivo, and then discuss the mechanisms by which specific gene products antagonize the host innate immune response in cell culture models. Our data suggests that the SARS-CoV uses specific strategies to evade and antagonize the sensing and signaling arms of the interferon pathway. We summarize by identifying future points of consideration that will contribute greatly to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing coronavirus pathogenesis and virulence, and the development of severe disease in humans and animals.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>SARS coronavirus</kwd><kwd>Innate immunity</kwd><kwd>Interferon</kwd><kwd>RNA virus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/SrasV1/Data/Pmc/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001590 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 001590 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= SrasV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Curation
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:2292640
|texte= SARS coronavirus and innate immunity
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:17451827" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SrasV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |