Human immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Identifieur interne : 001588 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 001587; suivant : 001589Human immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Auteurs : Mark J. Cameron [Canada] ; Jesus F. Bermejo-Martin [Espagne] ; Ali Danesh [Canada] ; Matthew P. Muller [Canada] ; David J. Kelvin [Canada]Source :
- Virus Research [ 0168-1702 ] ; 2007.
Abstract
Progressive immune-associated injury is a hallmark of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Viral evasion of innate immunity, hypercytokinemia and systemic immunopathology in the SARS coronavirus (SARS CoV) infected host have been suggested as possible mechanisms for the cause of severe pathology and morbidity in SARS patients. The molecular and cellular basis for how SARS CoV impacts the host immune system resulting in severe SARS, however, has not been elucidated. The variable clinical course of SARS may be the result of complex programs of host responses against the infectious agent. Therefore, the systematic analysis of innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS CoV is imperative in building as complete an immunological model as possible of host immunity and inflammatory responses during illness. Here we review recent advances in SARS immunopathogenesis research and present a summary of our findings regarding host responses in SARS patients. We contend that dysregulated type I and II interferon (IFN) responses during SARS may culminate in a failure of the switch from hyper-innate immunity to protective adaptive immune responses in the human host.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.02.014
PubMed: 17374415
PubMed Central: 7114310
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :001588
Links to Exploration step
PMC:7114310Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Human immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)</title><author><name sortKey="Cameron, Mark J" sort="Cameron, Mark J" uniqKey="Cameron M" first="Mark J." last="Cameron">Mark J. Cameron</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University Health Network, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University Health Network, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bermejo Martin, Jesus F" sort="Bermejo Martin, Jesus F" uniqKey="Bermejo Martin J" first="Jesus F." last="Bermejo-Martin">Jesus F. Bermejo-Martin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">University of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal 7, Valladolid 47005, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal 7, Valladolid 47005</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Danesh, Ali" sort="Danesh, Ali" uniqKey="Danesh A" first="Ali" last="Danesh">Ali Danesh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University Health Network, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University Health Network, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Matthew P" sort="Muller, Matthew P" uniqKey="Muller M" first="Matthew P." last="Muller">Matthew P. Muller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelvin, David J" sort="Kelvin, David J" uniqKey="Kelvin D" first="David J." last="Kelvin">David J. Kelvin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University Health Network, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University Health Network, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">17374415</idno><idno type="pmc">7114310</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114310</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7114310</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.virusres.2007.02.014</idno><date when="2007">2007</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001588</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001588</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001588</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001588</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Human immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)</title><author><name sortKey="Cameron, Mark J" sort="Cameron, Mark J" uniqKey="Cameron M" first="Mark J." last="Cameron">Mark J. Cameron</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University Health Network, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University Health Network, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bermejo Martin, Jesus F" sort="Bermejo Martin, Jesus F" uniqKey="Bermejo Martin J" first="Jesus F." last="Bermejo-Martin">Jesus F. Bermejo-Martin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">University of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal 7, Valladolid 47005, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal 7, Valladolid 47005</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Danesh, Ali" sort="Danesh, Ali" uniqKey="Danesh A" first="Ali" last="Danesh">Ali Danesh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University Health Network, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University Health Network, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Matthew P" sort="Muller, Matthew P" uniqKey="Muller M" first="Matthew P." last="Muller">Matthew P. Muller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelvin, David J" sort="Kelvin, David J" uniqKey="Kelvin D" first="David J." last="Kelvin">David J. Kelvin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University Health Network, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University Health Network, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Virus Research</title><idno type="ISSN">0168-1702</idno><idno type="eISSN">1872-7492</idno><imprint><date when="2007">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Progressive immune-associated injury is a hallmark of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Viral evasion of innate immunity, hypercytokinemia and systemic immunopathology in the SARS coronavirus (SARS CoV) infected host have been suggested as possible mechanisms for the cause of severe pathology and morbidity in SARS patients. The molecular and cellular basis for how SARS CoV impacts the host immune system resulting in severe SARS, however, has not been elucidated. The variable clinical course of SARS may be the result of complex programs of host responses against the infectious agent. Therefore, the systematic analysis of innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS CoV is imperative in building as complete an immunological model as possible of host immunity and inflammatory responses during illness. Here we review recent advances in SARS immunopathogenesis research and present a summary of our findings regarding host responses in SARS patients. We contend that dysregulated type I and II interferon (IFN) responses during SARS may culminate in a failure of the switch from hyper-innate immunity to protective adaptive immune responses in the human host.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Antonio, G E" uniqKey="Antonio G">G.E. Antonio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ooi, C G" uniqKey="Ooi C">C.G. Ooi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, K T" uniqKey="Wong K">K.T. Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsui, E L" uniqKey="Tsui E">E.L. Tsui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, J S" uniqKey="Wong J">J.S. Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sy, A N" uniqKey="Sy A">A.N. Sy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, J Y" uniqKey="Hui J">J.Y. Hui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, C Y" uniqKey="Chan C">C.Y. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, H Y" uniqKey="Huang H">H.Y. Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Y F" uniqKey="Chan Y">Y.F. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, T P" uniqKey="Wong T">T.P. Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leong, L L" uniqKey="Leong L">L.L. Leong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, J C" uniqKey="Chan J">J.C. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahuja, A T" uniqKey="Ahuja A">A.T. Ahuja</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Booth, C M" uniqKey="Booth C">C.M. Booth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matukas, L M" uniqKey="Matukas L">L.M. Matukas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomlinson, G A" uniqKey="Tomlinson G">G.A. Tomlinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rachlis, A R" uniqKey="Rachlis A">A.R. Rachlis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rose, D B" uniqKey="Rose D">D.B. Rose</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dwosh, H A" uniqKey="Dwosh H">H.A. Dwosh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walmsley, S L" uniqKey="Walmsley S">S.L. Walmsley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mazzulli, T" uniqKey="Mazzulli T">T. Mazzulli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Avendano, M" uniqKey="Avendano M">M. Avendano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Derkach, P" uniqKey="Derkach P">P. Derkach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ephtimios, I E" uniqKey="Ephtimios I">I.E. Ephtimios</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kitai, L" uniqKey="Kitai L">L. Kitai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mederski, B D" uniqKey="Mederski B">B.D. Mederski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shadowitz, S B" uniqKey="Shadowitz S">S.B. Shadowitz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gold, W L" uniqKey="Gold W">W.L. Gold</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hawryluck, L A" uniqKey="Hawryluck L">L.A. Hawryluck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rea, E" uniqKey="Rea E">E. Rea</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chenkin, J S" uniqKey="Chenkin J">J.S. Chenkin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cescon, D W" uniqKey="Cescon D">D.W. Cescon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poutanen, S M" uniqKey="Poutanen S">S.M. Poutanen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Detsky, A S" uniqKey="Detsky A">A.S. Detsky</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bosinger, S E" uniqKey="Bosinger S">S.E. Bosinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hosiawa, K A" uniqKey="Hosiawa K">K.A. Hosiawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cameron, M J" uniqKey="Cameron M">M.J. Cameron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Persad, D" uniqKey="Persad D">D. Persad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ran, L" uniqKey="Ran L">L. Ran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, L" uniqKey="Xu L">L. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boulassel, M R" uniqKey="Boulassel M">M.R. Boulassel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parenteau, M" uniqKey="Parenteau M">M. Parenteau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fournier, J" uniqKey="Fournier J">J. Fournier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rud, E W" uniqKey="Rud E">E.W. Rud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kelvin, D J" uniqKey="Kelvin D">D.J. Kelvin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Castilletti, C" uniqKey="Castilletti C">C. Castilletti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bordi, L" uniqKey="Bordi L">L. Bordi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lalle, E" uniqKey="Lalle E">E. Lalle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rozera, G" uniqKey="Rozera G">G. Rozera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poccia, F" uniqKey="Poccia F">F. Poccia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Agrati, C" uniqKey="Agrati C">C. Agrati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abbate, I" uniqKey="Abbate I">I. Abbate</name></author><author><name sortKey="Capobianchi, M R" uniqKey="Capobianchi M">M.R. Capobianchi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cheung, C Y" uniqKey="Cheung C">C.Y. Cheung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poon, L L" uniqKey="Poon L">L.L. Poon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ng, I H" uniqKey="Ng I">I.H. Ng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luk, W" uniqKey="Luk W">W. Luk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sia, S F" uniqKey="Sia S">S.F. Sia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, M H" uniqKey="Wu M">M.H. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, K H" uniqKey="Chan K">K.H. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, K Y" uniqKey="Yuen K">K.Y. Yuen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gordon, S" uniqKey="Gordon S">S. Gordon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guan, Y" uniqKey="Guan Y">Y. Guan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, J S" uniqKey="Peiris J">J.S. Peiris</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chien, J Y" uniqKey="Chien J">J.Y. Chien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hsueh, P R" uniqKey="Hsueh P">P.R. Hsueh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, W C" uniqKey="Cheng W">W.C. Cheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, C J" uniqKey="Yu C">C.J. Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, P C" uniqKey="Yang P">P.C. Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Christian, M D" uniqKey="Christian M">M.D. Christian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poutanen, S M" uniqKey="Poutanen S">S.M. Poutanen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loutfy, M R" uniqKey="Loutfy M">M.R. Loutfy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, M P" uniqKey="Muller M">M.P. Muller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Low, D E" uniqKey="Low D">D.E. Low</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Veer, M J" uniqKey="De Veer M">M.J. de Veer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holko, M" uniqKey="Holko M">M. Holko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frevel, M" uniqKey="Frevel M">M. Frevel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, E" uniqKey="Walker E">E. Walker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Der, S" uniqKey="Der S">S. Der</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paranjape, J M" uniqKey="Paranjape J">J.M. Paranjape</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silverman, R H" uniqKey="Silverman R">R.H. Silverman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, B R" uniqKey="Williams B">B.R. Williams</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ding, Y" uniqKey="Ding Y">Y. Ding</name></author><author><name sortKey="He, L" uniqKey="He L">L. He</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Q" uniqKey="Zhang Q">Q. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Z" uniqKey="Huang Z">Z. Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Che, X" uniqKey="Che X">X. Che</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hou, J" uniqKey="Hou J">J. Hou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, H" uniqKey="Wang H">H. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shen, H" uniqKey="Shen H">H. Shen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qiu, L" uniqKey="Qiu L">L. Qiu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Z" uniqKey="Li Z">Z. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Geng, J" uniqKey="Geng J">J. Geng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, J" uniqKey="Cai J">J. Cai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, H" uniqKey="Han H">H. Han</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, X" uniqKey="Li X">X. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, W" uniqKey="Kang W">W. Kang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weng, D" uniqKey="Weng D">D. Weng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, P" uniqKey="Liang P">P. Liang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, S" uniqKey="Jiang S">S. Jiang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Farcas, G A" uniqKey="Farcas G">G.A. Farcas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poutanen, S M" uniqKey="Poutanen S">S.M. Poutanen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mazzulli, J" uniqKey="Mazzulli J">J. Mazzulli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Willey, B M" uniqKey="Willey B">B.M. Willey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Butany, J" uniqKey="Butany J">J. Butany</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asa, S L" uniqKey="Asa S">S.L. Asa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Faure, P" uniqKey="Faure P">P. Faure</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akhavan, P" uniqKey="Akhavan P">P. Akhavan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Low, D E" uniqKey="Low D">D.E. Low</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kain, K C" uniqKey="Kain K">K.C. Kain</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fisher, D A" uniqKey="Fisher D">D.A. Fisher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chew, M H" uniqKey="Chew M">M.H. Chew</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Y T" uniqKey="Lim Y">Y.T. Lim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tambyah, P A" uniqKey="Tambyah P">P.A. Tambyah</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fowler, R A" uniqKey="Fowler R">R.A. Fowler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lapinsky, S E" uniqKey="Lapinsky S">S.E. Lapinsky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hallett, D" uniqKey="Hallett D">D. Hallett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Detsky, A S" uniqKey="Detsky A">A.S. Detsky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sibbald, W J" uniqKey="Sibbald W">W.J. Sibbald</name></author><author><name sortKey="Slutsky, A S" uniqKey="Slutsky A">A.S. Slutsky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, T E" uniqKey="Stewart T">T.E. Stewart</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hamming, I" uniqKey="Hamming I">I. Hamming</name></author><author><name sortKey="Timens, W" uniqKey="Timens W">W. Timens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bulthuis, M L" uniqKey="Bulthuis M">M.L. Bulthuis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lely, A T" uniqKey="Lely A">A.T. Lely</name></author><author><name sortKey="Navis, G J" uniqKey="Navis G">G.J. Navis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Goor, H" uniqKey="Van Goor H">H. van Goor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huang, K J" uniqKey="Huang K">K.J. Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Su, I J" uniqKey="Su I">I.J. Su</name></author><author><name sortKey="Theron, M" uniqKey="Theron M">M. Theron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Y C" uniqKey="Wu Y">Y.C. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lai, S K" uniqKey="Lai S">S.K. Lai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, C C" uniqKey="Liu C">C.C. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lei, H Y" uniqKey="Lei H">H.Y. Lei</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hwang, D M" uniqKey="Hwang D">D.M. Hwang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chamberlain, D W" uniqKey="Chamberlain D">D.W. Chamberlain</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poutanen, S M" uniqKey="Poutanen S">S.M. Poutanen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Low, D E" uniqKey="Low D">D.E. Low</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asa, S L" uniqKey="Asa S">S.L. Asa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Butany, J" uniqKey="Butany J">J. Butany</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Y" uniqKey="Jiang Y">Y. Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, J" uniqKey="Xu J">J. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, C" uniqKey="Zhou C">C. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Z" uniqKey="Wu Z">Z. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhong, S" uniqKey="Zhong S">S. Zhong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, J" uniqKey="Liu J">J. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, W" uniqKey="Luo W">W. Luo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, T" uniqKey="Chen T">T. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qin, Q" uniqKey="Qin Q">Q. Qin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, P" uniqKey="Deng P">P. Deng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kuba, K" uniqKey="Kuba K">K. Kuba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Imai, Y" uniqKey="Imai Y">Y. Imai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, S" uniqKey="Rao S">S. Rao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, H" uniqKey="Gao H">H. Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, F" uniqKey="Guo F">F. Guo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guan, B" uniqKey="Guan B">B. Guan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huan, Y" uniqKey="Huan Y">Y. Huan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, P" uniqKey="Yang P">P. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, W" uniqKey="Deng W">W. Deng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bao, L" uniqKey="Bao L">L. Bao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, B" uniqKey="Zhang B">B. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, G" uniqKey="Liu G">G. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Z" uniqKey="Wang Z">Z. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chappell, M" uniqKey="Chappell M">M. Chappell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Y" uniqKey="Liu Y">Y. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, D" uniqKey="Zheng D">D. Zheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leibbrandt, A" uniqKey="Leibbrandt A">A. Leibbrandt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wada, T" uniqKey="Wada T">T. Wada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Slutsky, A S" uniqKey="Slutsky A">A.S. Slutsky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, D" uniqKey="Liu D">D. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qin, C" uniqKey="Qin C">C. Qin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, C" uniqKey="Jiang C">C. Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Penninger, J M" uniqKey="Penninger J">J.M. Penninger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lau, Y L" uniqKey="Lau Y">Y.L. Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, J S" uniqKey="Peiris J">J.S. Peiris</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, N" uniqKey="Lee N">N. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, D" uniqKey="Hui D">D. Hui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, A" uniqKey="Wu A">A. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, P" uniqKey="Chan P">P. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cameron, P" uniqKey="Cameron P">P. Cameron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joynt, G M" uniqKey="Joynt G">G.M. Joynt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahuja, A" uniqKey="Ahuja A">A. Ahuja</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yung, M Y" uniqKey="Yung M">M.Y. Yung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, C B" uniqKey="Leung C">C.B. Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="To, K F" uniqKey="To K">K.F. To</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lui, S F" uniqKey="Lui S">S.F. Lui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Szeto, C C" uniqKey="Szeto C">C.C. Szeto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, S" uniqKey="Chung S">S. Chung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, J J" uniqKey="Sung J">J.J. Sung</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, Y S" uniqKey="Lee Y">Y.S. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, C H" uniqKey="Chen C">C.H. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chao, A" uniqKey="Chao A">A. Chao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, E S" uniqKey="Chen E">E.S. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wei, M L" uniqKey="Wei M">M.L. Wei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, L K" uniqKey="Chen L">L.K. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, K D" uniqKey="Yang K">K.D. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, M C" uniqKey="Lin M">M.C. Lin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y H" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y.H. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, J W" uniqKey="Liu J">J.W. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eng, H L" uniqKey="Eng H">H.L. Eng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chiang, P C" uniqKey="Chiang P">P.C. Chiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, T S" uniqKey="Wu T">T.S. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsao, K C" uniqKey="Tsao K">K.C. Tsao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, C G" uniqKey="Huang C">C.G. Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tien, Y J" uniqKey="Tien Y">Y.J. Tien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, T H" uniqKey="Wang T">T.H. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, H S" uniqKey="Wang H">H.S. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Y S" uniqKey="Lee Y">Y.S. Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lew, T W" uniqKey="Lew T">T.W. Lew</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kwek, T K" uniqKey="Kwek T">T.K. Kwek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tai, D" uniqKey="Tai D">D. Tai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Earnest, A" uniqKey="Earnest A">A. Earnest</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loo, S" uniqKey="Loo S">S. Loo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, K" uniqKey="Singh K">K. Singh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kwan, K M" uniqKey="Kwan K">K.M. Kwan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Y" uniqKey="Chan Y">Y. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yim, C F" uniqKey="Yim C">C.F. Yim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bek, S L" uniqKey="Bek S">S.L. Bek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kor, A C" uniqKey="Kor A">A.C. Kor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yap, W S" uniqKey="Yap W">W.S. Yap</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chelliah, Y R" uniqKey="Chelliah Y">Y.R. Chelliah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lai, Y C" uniqKey="Lai Y">Y.C. Lai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goh, S K" uniqKey="Goh S">S.K. Goh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, M J" uniqKey="Moore M">M.J. Moore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vasilieva, N" uniqKey="Vasilieva N">N. Vasilieva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J. Sui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, S K" uniqKey="Wong S">S.K. Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berne, M A" uniqKey="Berne M">M.A. Berne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Somasundaran, M" uniqKey="Somasundaran M">M. Somasundaran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sullivan, J L" uniqKey="Sullivan J">J.L. Sullivan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luzuriaga, K" uniqKey="Luzuriaga K">K. Luzuriaga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greenough, T C" uniqKey="Greenough T">T.C. Greenough</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choe, H" uniqKey="Choe H">H. Choe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farzan, M" uniqKey="Farzan M">M. Farzan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Malmgaard, L" uniqKey="Malmgaard L">L. Malmgaard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mandavilli, A" uniqKey="Mandavilli A">A. Mandavilli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Muller, M P" uniqKey="Muller M">M.P. Muller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richardson, S E" uniqKey="Richardson S">S.E. Richardson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, A" uniqKey="Mcgeer A">A. McGeer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dresser, L" uniqKey="Dresser L">L. Dresser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raboud, J" uniqKey="Raboud J">J. Raboud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mazzulli, T" uniqKey="Mazzulli T">T. Mazzulli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loeb, M" uniqKey="Loeb M">M. Loeb</name></author><author><name sortKey="Louie, M" uniqKey="Louie M">M. Louie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nicholls, J M" uniqKey="Nicholls J">J.M. Nicholls</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poon, L L" uniqKey="Poon L">L.L. Poon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, K C" uniqKey="Lee K">K.C. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ng, W F" uniqKey="Ng W">W.F. Ng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lai, S T" uniqKey="Lai S">S.T. Lai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, C Y" uniqKey="Leung C">C.Y. Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, C M" uniqKey="Chu C">C.M. Chu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, P K" uniqKey="Hui P">P.K. Hui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mak, K L" uniqKey="Mak K">K.L. Mak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, W" uniqKey="Lim W">W. Lim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, K W" uniqKey="Yan K">K.W. Yan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, K H" uniqKey="Chan K">K.H. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsang, N C" uniqKey="Tsang N">N.C. Tsang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guan, Y" uniqKey="Guan Y">Y. Guan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, K Y" uniqKey="Yuen K">K.Y. Yuen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, J S" uniqKey="Peiris J">J.S. Peiris</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peiris, J S" uniqKey="Peiris J">J.S. Peiris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, C M" uniqKey="Chu C">C.M. Chu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, V C" uniqKey="Cheng V">V.C. Cheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, K S" uniqKey="Chan K">K.S. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hung, I F" uniqKey="Hung I">I.F. Hung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poon, L L" uniqKey="Poon L">L.L. Poon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Law, K I" uniqKey="Law K">K.I. Law</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, B S" uniqKey="Tang B">B.S. Tang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hon, T Y" uniqKey="Hon T">T.Y. Hon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, C S" uniqKey="Chan C">C.S. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, K H" uniqKey="Chan K">K.H. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ng, J S" uniqKey="Ng J">J.S. Ng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, B J" uniqKey="Zheng B">B.J. Zheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ng, W L" uniqKey="Ng W">W.L. Ng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lai, R W" uniqKey="Lai R">R.W. Lai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guan, Y" uniqKey="Guan Y">Y. Guan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, K Y" uniqKey="Yuen K">K.Y. Yuen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rainer, T H" uniqKey="Rainer T">T.H. Rainer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cameron, P A" uniqKey="Cameron P">P.A. Cameron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smit, D" uniqKey="Smit D">D. Smit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ong, K L" uniqKey="Ong K">K.L. Ong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hung, A N" uniqKey="Hung A">A.N. Hung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nin, D C" uniqKey="Nin D">D.C. Nin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahuja, A T" uniqKey="Ahuja A">A.T. Ahuja</name></author><author><name sortKey="Si, L C" uniqKey="Si L">L.C. Si</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, J J" uniqKey="Sung J">J.J. Sung</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reghunathan, R" uniqKey="Reghunathan R">R. Reghunathan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jayapal, M" uniqKey="Jayapal M">M. Jayapal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hsu, L Y" uniqKey="Hsu L">L.Y. Hsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chng, H H" uniqKey="Chng H">H.H. Chng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tai, D" uniqKey="Tai D">D. Tai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, B P" uniqKey="Leung B">B.P. Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melendez, A J" uniqKey="Melendez A">A.J. Melendez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Salto Tellez, M" uniqKey="Salto Tellez M">M. Salto-Tellez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, E" uniqKey="Tan E">E. Tan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, B" uniqKey="Lim B">B. Lim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stockman, L J" uniqKey="Stockman L">L.J. Stockman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bellamy, R" uniqKey="Bellamy R">R. Bellamy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garner, P" uniqKey="Garner P">P. Garner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Takaoka, A" uniqKey="Takaoka A">A. Takaoka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yanai, H" uniqKey="Yanai H">H. Yanai</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tang, N L" uniqKey="Tang N">N.L. Tang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, P K" uniqKey="Chan P">P.K. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, C K" uniqKey="Wong C">C.K. Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="To, K F" uniqKey="To K">K.F. To</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, A I" uniqKey="Wu A">A.I. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, Y M" uniqKey="Sung Y">Y.M. Sung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, D S" uniqKey="Hui D">D.S. Hui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, J J" uniqKey="Sung J">J.J. Sung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, C W" uniqKey="Lam C">C.W. Lam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wong, C K" uniqKey="Wong C">C.K. Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, C W" uniqKey="Lam C">C.W. Lam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, A K" uniqKey="Wu A">A.K. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ip, W K" uniqKey="Ip W">W.K. Ip</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, N L" uniqKey="Lee N">N.L. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, I H" uniqKey="Chan I">I.H. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lit, L C" uniqKey="Lit L">L.C. Lit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, D S" uniqKey="Hui D">D.S. Hui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, M H" uniqKey="Chan M">M.H. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, S S" uniqKey="Chung S">S.S. Chung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, J J" uniqKey="Sung J">J.J. Sung</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wong, K T" uniqKey="Wong K">K.T. Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Antonio, G E" uniqKey="Antonio G">G.E. Antonio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, D S" uniqKey="Hui D">D.S. Hui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, N" uniqKey="Lee N">N. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, E H" uniqKey="Yuen E">E.H. Yuen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, A" uniqKey="Wu A">A. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, C B" uniqKey="Leung C">C.B. Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rainer, T H" uniqKey="Rainer T">T.H. Rainer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cameron, P" uniqKey="Cameron P">P. Cameron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, S S" uniqKey="Chung S">S.S. Chung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, J J" uniqKey="Sung J">J.J. Sung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahuja, A T" uniqKey="Ahuja A">A.T. Ahuja</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wong, K T" uniqKey="Wong K">K.T. Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Antonio, G E" uniqKey="Antonio G">G.E. Antonio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, D S" uniqKey="Hui D">D.S. Hui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, N" uniqKey="Lee N">N. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, E H" uniqKey="Yuen E">E.H. Yuen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, A" uniqKey="Wu A">A. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, C B" uniqKey="Leung C">C.B. Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rainer, T H" uniqKey="Rainer T">T.H. Rainer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cameron, P" uniqKey="Cameron P">P. Cameron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, S S" uniqKey="Chung S">S.S. Chung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, J J" uniqKey="Sung J">J.J. Sung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahuja, A T" uniqKey="Ahuja A">A.T. Ahuja</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wong, R S" uniqKey="Wong R">R.S. Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, A" uniqKey="Wu A">A. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="To, K F" uniqKey="To K">K.F. To</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, N" uniqKey="Lee N">N. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, C W" uniqKey="Lam C">C.W. Lam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, C K" uniqKey="Wong C">C.K. Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, P K" uniqKey="Chan P">P.K. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ng, M H" uniqKey="Ng M">M.H. Ng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, L M" uniqKey="Yu L">L.M. Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, D S" uniqKey="Hui D">D.S. Hui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tam, J S" uniqKey="Tam J">J.S. Tam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, G" uniqKey="Cheng G">G. Cheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, J J" uniqKey="Sung J">J.J. Sung</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yu, S Y" uniqKey="Yu S">S.Y. Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Y W" uniqKey="Hu Y">Y.W. Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, X Y" uniqKey="Liu X">X.Y. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xiong, W" uniqKey="Xiong W">W. Xiong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Z T" uniqKey="Zhou Z">Z.T. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, Z H" uniqKey="Yuan Z">Z.H. Yuan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ziegler, T" uniqKey="Ziegler T">T. Ziegler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matikainen, S" uniqKey="Matikainen S">S. Matikainen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ronkko, E" uniqKey="Ronkko E">E. Ronkko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterlund, P" uniqKey="Osterlund P">P. Osterlund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sillanpaa, M" uniqKey="Sillanpaa M">M. Sillanpaa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Siren, J" uniqKey="Siren J">J. Siren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fagerlund, R" uniqKey="Fagerlund R">R. Fagerlund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Immonen, M" uniqKey="Immonen M">M. Immonen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melen, K" uniqKey="Melen K">K. Melen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Julkunen, I" uniqKey="Julkunen I">I. Julkunen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Virus Res</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Virus Res</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Virus Research</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0168-1702</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1872-7492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier B.V.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">17374415</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7114310</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0168-1702(07)00054-8</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.virusres.2007.02.014</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Human immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cameron</surname><given-names>Mark J.</given-names></name><email>mcameron@uhnres.utoronto.ca</email><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bermejo-Martin</surname><given-names>Jesus F.</given-names></name><email>bermejo@ped.uva.es</email><xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Danesh</surname><given-names>Ali</given-names></name><email>adanesh@uhnres.utoronto.ca</email><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muller</surname><given-names>Matthew P.</given-names></name><email>mmuller@mtsinai.on.ca</email><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref><xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">d</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kelvin</surname><given-names>David J.</given-names></name><email>dkelvin@uhnres.utoronto.ca</email><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref><xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">⁎</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>University Health Network, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>University of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal 7, Valladolid 47005, Spain</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>d</label>Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>⁎</label>Corresponding author at: The University Health Network, MaRS Centre, TMDT 3-916, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada. Tel.: +1 416 581 7605; fax: +1 416 581 7606. <email>dkelvin@uhnres.utoronto.ca</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>19</day><month>3</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>3</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>133</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Elsevier B.V.</copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Progressive immune-associated injury is a hallmark of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Viral evasion of innate immunity, hypercytokinemia and systemic immunopathology in the SARS coronavirus (SARS CoV) infected host have been suggested as possible mechanisms for the cause of severe pathology and morbidity in SARS patients. The molecular and cellular basis for how SARS CoV impacts the host immune system resulting in severe SARS, however, has not been elucidated. The variable clinical course of SARS may be the result of complex programs of host responses against the infectious agent. Therefore, the systematic analysis of innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS CoV is imperative in building as complete an immunological model as possible of host immunity and inflammatory responses during illness. Here we review recent advances in SARS immunopathogenesis research and present a summary of our findings regarding host responses in SARS patients. We contend that dysregulated type I and II interferon (IFN) responses during SARS may culminate in a failure of the switch from hyper-innate immunity to protective adaptive immune responses in the human host.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>SARS</kwd><kwd>Cytokine</kwd><kwd>Chemokine</kwd><kwd>Microarray</kwd><kwd>Host response</kwd><kwd>Interferon</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/SrasV1/Data/Pmc/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001588 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 001588 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= SrasV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Curation
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:7114310
|texte= Human immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:17374415" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SrasV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |