Characterization of Human Coronavirus Etiology in Chinese Adults with Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection by Real-Time RT-PCR Assays
Identifieur interne : 001381 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 001380; suivant : 001382Characterization of Human Coronavirus Etiology in Chinese Adults with Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection by Real-Time RT-PCR Assays
Auteurs : Roujian Lu [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiaoyan Yu [République populaire de Chine] ; Wen Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Xijie Duan [République populaire de Chine] ; Linglin Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Weimin Zhou [République populaire de Chine] ; Jin Xu [République populaire de Chine] ; Lingjie Xu [République populaire de Chine] ; Qin Hu [République populaire de Chine] ; Jianxin Lu [République populaire de Chine] ; Li Ruan [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhong Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Wenjie Tan [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
In addition to SARS associated coronaviruses, 4 non-SARS related human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are recognized as common respiratory pathogens. The etiology and clinical impact of HCoVs in Chinese adults with acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) needs to be characterized systematically by molecular detection with excellent sensitivity.
In this study, we detected 4 non-SARS related HCoV species by real-time RT-PCR in 981 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from March 2009 to February 2011. All specimens were also tested for the presence of other common respiratory viruses and newly identified viruses, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human bocavirus (HBoV). 157 of the 981 (16.0%) nasopharyngeal swabs were positive for HCoVs. The species detected were 229E (96 cases, 9.8%), OC43 (42 cases, 4.3%), HKU1 (16 cases, 1.6%) and NL63 (11 cases, 1.1%). HCoV-229E was circulated in 21 of the 24 months of surveillance. The detection rates for both OC43 and NL63 were showed significantly year-to-year variation between 2009/10 and 2010/11, respectively (P<0.001 and P = 0.003), and there was a higher detection frequency of HKU1 in patients aged over 60 years (P = 0.03). 48 of 157(30.57%) HCoV positive patients were co-infected. Undifferentiated human rhinoviruses and influenza (Flu) A were the most common viruses detected (more than 35%) in HCoV co-infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human parainfluenza virus (PIV) and HBoV were detected in very low rate (less than 1%) among adult patients with URTI.
All 4 non-SARS-associated HCoVs were more frequently detected by real-time RT-PCR assay in adults with URTI in Beijing and HCoV-229E led to the most prevalent infection. Our study also suggested that all non-SARS-associated HCoVs contribute significantly to URTI in adult patients in China.
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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038638
PubMed: 22719912
PubMed Central: 3376151
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Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Lingjie" sort="Xu, Lingjie" uniqKey="Xu L" first="Lingjie" last="Xu">Lingjie Xu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Qin" sort="Hu, Qin" uniqKey="Hu Q" first="Qin" last="Hu">Qin Hu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Medical Virology, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Medical Virology, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Jianxin" sort="Lu, Jianxin" uniqKey="Lu J" first="Jianxin" last="Lu">Jianxin Lu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Medical Virology, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Medical Virology, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruan, Li" sort="Ruan, Li" uniqKey="Ruan L" first="Li" last="Ruan">Li Ruan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhong" sort="Wang, Zhong" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhong" last="Wang">Zhong Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Wenjie" sort="Tan, Wenjie" uniqKey="Tan W" first="Wenjie" last="Tan">Wenjie Tan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22719912</idno><idno type="pmc">3376151</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3376151</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3376151</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0038638</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001381</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" 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Yu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Medical Virology, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Medical Virology, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Wen" sort="Wang, Wen" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Wen" last="Wang">Wen Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duan, Xijie" sort="Duan, Xijie" uniqKey="Duan X" first="Xijie" last="Duan">Xijie Duan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Linglin" sort="Zhang, Linglin" uniqKey="Zhang L" first="Linglin" last="Zhang">Linglin Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Weimin" sort="Zhou, Weimin" uniqKey="Zhou W" first="Weimin" last="Zhou">Weimin Zhou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Jin" sort="Xu, Jin" uniqKey="Xu J" first="Jin" last="Xu">Jin Xu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Lingjie" sort="Xu, Lingjie" uniqKey="Xu L" first="Lingjie" last="Xu">Lingjie Xu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Qin" sort="Hu, Qin" uniqKey="Hu Q" first="Qin" last="Hu">Qin Hu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Medical Virology, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Medical Virology, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Jianxin" sort="Lu, Jianxin" uniqKey="Lu J" first="Jianxin" last="Lu">Jianxin Lu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Medical Virology, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Medical Virology, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruan, Li" sort="Ruan, Li" uniqKey="Ruan L" first="Li" last="Ruan">Li Ruan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhong" sort="Wang, Zhong" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhong" last="Wang">Zhong Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Wenjie" sort="Tan, Wenjie" uniqKey="Tan W" first="Wenjie" last="Tan">Wenjie Tan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>In addition to SARS associated coronaviruses, 4 non-SARS related human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are recognized as common respiratory pathogens. The etiology and clinical impact of HCoVs in Chinese adults with acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) needs to be characterized systematically by molecular detection with excellent sensitivity.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title><p>In this study, we detected 4 non-SARS related HCoV species by real-time RT-PCR in 981 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from March 2009 to February 2011. All specimens were also tested for the presence of other common respiratory viruses and newly identified viruses, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human bocavirus (HBoV). 157 of the 981 (16.0%) nasopharyngeal swabs were positive for HCoVs. The species detected were 229E (96 cases, 9.8%), OC43 (42 cases, 4.3%), HKU1 (16 cases, 1.6%) and NL63 (11 cases, 1.1%). HCoV-229E was circulated in 21 of the 24 months of surveillance. The detection rates for both OC43 and NL63 were showed significantly year-to-year variation between 2009/10 and 2010/11, respectively (P<0.001 and P = 0.003), and there was a higher detection frequency of HKU1 in patients aged over 60 years (P = 0.03). 48 of 157(30.57%) HCoV positive patients were co-infected. Undifferentiated human rhinoviruses and influenza (Flu) A were the most common viruses detected (more than 35%) in HCoV co-infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human parainfluenza virus (PIV) and HBoV were detected in very low rate (less than 1%) among adult patients with URTI.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions/Significance</title><p>All 4 non-SARS-associated HCoVs were more frequently detected by real-time RT-PCR assay in adults with URTI in Beijing and HCoV-229E led to the most prevalent infection. Our study also suggested that all non-SARS-associated HCoVs contribute significantly to URTI in adult patients in China.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Greenberg, Sb" uniqKey="Greenberg S">SB Greenberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Der Hoek, L" uniqKey="Van Der Hoek L">L van der Hoek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pyrc, K" uniqKey="Pyrc K">K Pyrc</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jebbink, Mf" uniqKey="Jebbink M">MF Jebbink</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen Oost, W" uniqKey="Vermeulen Oost W">W Vermeulen-Oost</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berkhout, Rj" uniqKey="Berkhout R">RJ Berkhout</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woo, Pc" uniqKey="Woo P">PC Woo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Sk" uniqKey="Lau S">SK Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Cm" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22719912</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3376151</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-12-04432</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0038638</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Anatomy and Physiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Respiratory System</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Virology</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral classification</subject><subj-group><subject>RNA viruses</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Diagnostic Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Test Evaluation</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Epidemiology</subject></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Pulmonology</subject><subj-group><subject>Respiratory Infections</subject><subj-group><subject>Upper Respiratory Tract Infections</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Characterization of Human Coronavirus Etiology in Chinese Adults with Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection by Real-Time RT-PCR Assays</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Coronaviruses Infection in Adult</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lu</surname><given-names>Roujian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>Xiaoyan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Wen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Duan</surname><given-names>Xijie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Linglin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>Weimin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>Jin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>Lingjie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hu</surname><given-names>Qin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lu</surname><given-names>Jianxin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ruan</surname><given-names>Li</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Zhong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tan</surname><given-names>Wenjie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Beijing, China</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Medical Virology, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Pyrc</surname><given-names>Krzysztof</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1">Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>wangzhong523@vip.163.com</email> (ZW); <email>tanwj28@yahoo.cn</email> (WT)</corresp><fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: RL ZW WT. Performed the experiments: RL XY WW QH LZ WMZ JX LX XD. Analyzed the data: RL XY JL LR WZ WT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JX LX. Wrote the paper: RL ZW WT.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>6</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>6</issue><elocation-id>e38638</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>10</day><month>2</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>8</day><month>5</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Lu et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>In addition to SARS associated coronaviruses, 4 non-SARS related human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are recognized as common respiratory pathogens. The etiology and clinical impact of HCoVs in Chinese adults with acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) needs to be characterized systematically by molecular detection with excellent sensitivity.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title><p>In this study, we detected 4 non-SARS related HCoV species by real-time RT-PCR in 981 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from March 2009 to February 2011. All specimens were also tested for the presence of other common respiratory viruses and newly identified viruses, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human bocavirus (HBoV). 157 of the 981 (16.0%) nasopharyngeal swabs were positive for HCoVs. The species detected were 229E (96 cases, 9.8%), OC43 (42 cases, 4.3%), HKU1 (16 cases, 1.6%) and NL63 (11 cases, 1.1%). HCoV-229E was circulated in 21 of the 24 months of surveillance. The detection rates for both OC43 and NL63 were showed significantly year-to-year variation between 2009/10 and 2010/11, respectively (P<0.001 and P = 0.003), and there was a higher detection frequency of HKU1 in patients aged over 60 years (P = 0.03). 48 of 157(30.57%) HCoV positive patients were co-infected. Undifferentiated human rhinoviruses and influenza (Flu) A were the most common viruses detected (more than 35%) in HCoV co-infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human parainfluenza virus (PIV) and HBoV were detected in very low rate (less than 1%) among adult patients with URTI.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions/Significance</title><p>All 4 non-SARS-associated HCoVs were more frequently detected by real-time RT-PCR assay in adults with URTI in Beijing and HCoV-229E led to the most prevalent infection. Our study also suggested that all non-SARS-associated HCoVs contribute significantly to URTI in adult patients in China.</p></sec></abstract><counts><page-count count="7"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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