Role of fomites in SARS transmission during the largest hospital outbreak in Hong Kong
Identifieur interne : 001353 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 001352; suivant : 001354Role of fomites in SARS transmission during the largest hospital outbreak in Hong Kong
Auteurs : Shenglan Xiao [République populaire de Chine] ; Yuguo Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Tze-Wai Wong [République populaire de Chine] ; David S. C. Hui [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
The epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) had a significant effect on global society in the early 2000s and the potential of its resurgence exists. Studies on the modes of transmission of SARS are limited though a number of outbreak studies have revealed the possible airborne route. To develop more specific and effective control strategies, we conducted a detailed mechanism-based investigation that explored the role of fomite transmission in the well-known Ward 8A outbreak. We considered three hypothetical transmission routes, i.e., the long-range airborne, fomite and combined routes, in 1,744 scenarios with combinations of some important parameters. A multi-agent model was used to predict the infection risk distributions of the three hypothetical routes. Model selection was carried out for different scenarios to compare the distributions of infection risk with that of the reported attack rates and select the hypotheses with the best fitness. Our results reveal that under the assumed conditions, the SARS coronavirus was most possible to have spread via the combined long-range airborne and fomite routes, and that the fomite route played a non-negligible role in the transmission.
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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181558
PubMed: 28727803
PubMed Central: 5519164
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Role of fomites in SARS transmission during the largest hospital outbreak in Hong Kong</title><author><name sortKey="Xiao, Shenglan" sort="Xiao, Shenglan" uniqKey="Xiao S" first="Shenglan" last="Xiao">Shenglan Xiao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yuguo" sort="Li, Yuguo" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yuguo" last="Li">Yuguo Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Tze Wai" sort="Wong, Tze Wai" uniqKey="Wong T" first="Tze-Wai" last="Wong">Tze-Wai Wong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, David S C" sort="Hui, David S C" uniqKey="Hui D" first="David S. C." last="Hui">David S. C. Hui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28727803</idno><idno type="pmc">5519164</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5519164</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5519164</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0181558</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001353</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001353</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001353</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001353</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Role of fomites in SARS transmission during the largest hospital outbreak in Hong Kong</title><author><name sortKey="Xiao, Shenglan" sort="Xiao, Shenglan" uniqKey="Xiao S" first="Shenglan" last="Xiao">Shenglan Xiao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yuguo" sort="Li, Yuguo" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yuguo" last="Li">Yuguo Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Tze Wai" sort="Wong, Tze Wai" uniqKey="Wong T" first="Tze-Wai" last="Wong">Tze-Wai Wong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, David S C" sort="Hui, David S C" uniqKey="Hui D" first="David S. C." last="Hui">David S. C. Hui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) had a significant effect on global society in the early 2000s and the potential of its resurgence exists. Studies on the modes of transmission of SARS are limited though a number of outbreak studies have revealed the possible airborne route. To develop more specific and effective control strategies, we conducted a detailed mechanism-based investigation that explored the role of fomite transmission in the well-known Ward 8A outbreak. We considered three hypothetical transmission routes, i.e., the long-range airborne, fomite and combined routes, in 1,744 scenarios with combinations of some important parameters. A multi-agent model was used to predict the infection risk distributions of the three hypothetical routes. Model selection was carried out for different scenarios to compare the distributions of infection risk with that of the reported attack rates and select the hypotheses with the best fitness. Our results reveal that under the assumed conditions, the SARS coronavirus was most possible to have spread via the combined long-range airborne and fomite routes, and that the fomite route played a non-negligible role in the transmission.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ksiazek, Tg" uniqKey="Ksiazek T">TG Ksiazek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erdman, D" uniqKey="Erdman D">D Erdman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goldsmith, Cs" uniqKey="Goldsmith C">CS Goldsmith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Sr" uniqKey="Zaki S">SR Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peret, T" uniqKey="Peret T">T Peret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Emery, S" uniqKey="Emery S">S Emery</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28727803</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5519164</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0181558</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-17-09173</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Health Care</subject><subj-group><subject>Patients</subject><subj-group><subject>Inpatients</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>RNA viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>SARS coronavirus</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Medical microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>SARS coronavirus</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and health sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathology and laboratory medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>SARS coronavirus</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>SARS coronavirus</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Virology</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Transmission and Infection</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Load</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anatomy</subject><subj-group><subject>Biological Tissue</subject><subj-group><subject>Epithelium</subject><subj-group><subject>Mucous Membranes</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anatomy</subject><subj-group><subject>Biological Tissue</subject><subj-group><subject>Epithelium</subject><subj-group><subject>Mucous Membranes</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>SARS</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Pharmaceutics</subject><subj-group><subject>Dose Prediction Methods</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subj-group><subject>Simulation and Modeling</subject><subj-group><subject>Agent-Based Modeling</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Computer and Information Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Systems Science</subject><subj-group><subject>Agent-Based Modeling</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Mathematics</subject><subj-group><subject>Systems Science</subject><subj-group><subject>Agent-Based Modeling</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Health Care</subject><subj-group><subject>Health Care Providers</subject><subj-group><subject>Nurses</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>People and Places</subject><subj-group><subject>Population Groupings</subject><subj-group><subject>Professions</subject><subj-group><subject>Nurses</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Role of fomites in SARS transmission during the largest hospital outbreak in Hong Kong</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Role of fomites in SARS transmission</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6265-9199</contrib-id><name><surname>Xiao</surname><given-names>Shenglan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Yuguo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>Tze-wai</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hui</surname><given-names>David S. C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff003"><label>3</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Shaman</surname><given-names>Jeffrey</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Columbia University, UNITED STATES</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="COI-statement" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p><bold>Conceptualization:</bold> YL SX.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Data curation:</bold> SX YL TW DH.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Formal analysis:</bold> SX YL.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Funding acquisition:</bold> YL.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Investigation:</bold> SX.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Methodology:</bold> SX YL.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Project administration:</bold> YL.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Resources:</bold> YL.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Software:</bold> SX.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Supervision:</bold> YL.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Validation:</bold> SX.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Visualization:</bold> SX.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Writing – original draft:</bold> SX.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Writing – review & editing:</bold> SX YL TW DH.</p></list-item></list></p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>u3002980@hku.hk</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>7</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>7</issue><elocation-id>e0181558</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>8</day><month>3</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>3</day><month>7</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2017 Xiao et al</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Xiao et al</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="pone.0181558.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>The epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) had a significant effect on global society in the early 2000s and the potential of its resurgence exists. Studies on the modes of transmission of SARS are limited though a number of outbreak studies have revealed the possible airborne route. To develop more specific and effective control strategies, we conducted a detailed mechanism-based investigation that explored the role of fomite transmission in the well-known Ward 8A outbreak. We considered three hypothetical transmission routes, i.e., the long-range airborne, fomite and combined routes, in 1,744 scenarios with combinations of some important parameters. A multi-agent model was used to predict the infection risk distributions of the three hypothetical routes. Model selection was carried out for different scenarios to compare the distributions of infection risk with that of the reported attack rates and select the hypotheses with the best fitness. Our results reveal that under the assumed conditions, the SARS coronavirus was most possible to have spread via the combined long-range airborne and fomite routes, and that the fomite route played a non-negligible role in the transmission.</p></abstract><funding-group><award-group id="award001"><funding-source><institution>RGC GRF grant</institution></funding-source><award-id>17205014</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Yuguo</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><award-group id="award002"><funding-source><institution>RGC TRS grant</institution></funding-source><award-id>T11-705/14-N</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Yuguo</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><funding-statement>The study was supported by an Research Grants Council (RGC) General Research Fund (GRF) grant (No. 17205014) and an Research Grants Council (RGC) Theme-based Research Scheme (TRS) grant (No. T11-705/14-N) of the Hong Kong SAR Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="4"></fig-count><table-count count="2"></table-count><page-count count="13"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</p></notes></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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