Use of Rapid Online Surveys to Assess People's Perceptions During Infectious Disease Outbreaks: A Cross-sectional Survey on COVID-19
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- Journal of Medical Internet Research [ 1439-4456 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Given the extensive time needed to conduct a nationally representative household survey and the commonly low response rate of phone surveys, rapid online surveys may be a promising method to assess and track knowledge and perceptions among the general public during fast-moving infectious disease outbreaks.
This study aimed to apply rapid online surveying to determine knowledge and perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the general public in the United States and the United Kingdom.
An online questionnaire was administered to 3000 adults residing in the United States and 3000 adults residing in the United Kingdom who had registered with Prolific Academic to participate in online research. Prolific Academic established strata by age (18-27, 28-37, 38-47, 48-57, or ≥58 years), sex (male or female), and ethnicity (white, black or African American, Asian or Asian Indian, mixed, or “other”), as well as all permutations of these strata. The number of participants who could enroll in each of these strata was calculated to reflect the distribution in the US and UK general population. Enrollment into the survey within each stratum was on a first-come, first-served basis. Participants completed the questionnaire between February 23 and March 2, 2020.
A total of 2986 and 2988 adults residing in the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively, completed the questionnaire. Of those, 64.4% (1924/2986) of US participants and 51.5% (1540/2988) of UK participants had a tertiary education degree, 67.5% (2015/2986) of US participants had a total household income between US $20,000 and US $99,999, and 74.4% (2223/2988) of UK participants had a total household income between £15,000 and £74,999. US and UK participants’ median estimate for the probability of a fatal disease course among those infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was 5.0% (IQR 2.0%-15.0%) and 3.0% (IQR 2.0%-10.0%), respectively. Participants generally had good knowledge of the main mode of disease transmission and common symptoms of COVID-19. However, a substantial proportion of participants had misconceptions about how to prevent an infection and the recommended care-seeking behavior. For instance, 37.8% (95% CI 36.1%-39.6%) of US participants and 29.7% (95% CI 28.1%-31.4%) of UK participants thought that wearing a common surgical mask was “highly effective” in protecting them from acquiring COVID-19, and 25.6% (95% CI 24.1%-27.2%) of US participants and 29.6% (95% CI 28.0%-31.3%) of UK participants thought it was prudent to refrain from eating at Chinese restaurants. Around half (53.8%, 95% CI 52.1%-55.6%) of US participants and 39.1% (95% CI 37.4%-40.9%) of UK participants thought that children were at an especially high risk of death when infected with SARS-CoV-2.
The distribution of participants by total household income and education followed approximately that of the US and UK general population. The findings from this online survey could guide information campaigns by public health authorities, clinicians, and the media. More broadly, rapid online surveys could be an important tool in tracking the public’s knowledge and misperceptions during rapidly moving infectious disease outbreaks.
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DOI: 10.2196/18790
PubMed: 32240094
PubMed Central: 7124956
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Use of Rapid Online Surveys to Assess People's Perceptions During Infectious Disease Outbreaks: A Cross-sectional Survey on COVID-19</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32240094</idno><idno type="pmc">7124956</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124956</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7124956</idno><idno type="doi">10.2196/18790</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001193</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001193</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001193</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001193</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Use of Rapid Online Surveys to Assess People's Perceptions During Infectious Disease Outbreaks: A Cross-sectional Survey on COVID-19</title></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Medical Internet Research</title><idno type="ISSN">1439-4456</idno><idno type="eISSN">1438-8871</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec sec-type="background"><title>Background</title><p>Given the extensive time needed to conduct a nationally representative household survey and the commonly low response rate of phone surveys, rapid online surveys may be a promising method to assess and track knowledge and perceptions among the general public during fast-moving infectious disease outbreaks.</p></sec><sec sec-type="objective"><title>Objective</title><p>This study aimed to apply rapid online surveying to determine knowledge and perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the general public in the United States and the United Kingdom.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>An online questionnaire was administered to 3000 adults residing in the United States and 3000 adults residing in the United Kingdom who had registered with Prolific Academic to participate in online research. Prolific Academic established strata by age (18-27, 28-37, 38-47, 48-57, or ≥58 years), sex (male or female), and ethnicity (white, black or African American, Asian or Asian Indian, mixed, or “other”), as well as all permutations of these strata. The number of participants who could enroll in each of these strata was calculated to reflect the distribution in the US and UK general population. Enrollment into the survey within each stratum was on a first-come, first-served basis. Participants completed the questionnaire between February 23 and March 2, 2020.</p></sec><sec sec-type="results"><title>Results</title><p>A total of 2986 and 2988 adults residing in the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively, completed the questionnaire. Of those, 64.4% (1924/2986) of US participants and 51.5% (1540/2988) of UK participants had a tertiary education degree, 67.5% (2015/2986) of US participants had a total household income between US $20,000 and US $99,999, and 74.4% (2223/2988) of UK participants had a total household income between £15,000 and £74,999. US and UK participants’ median estimate for the probability of a fatal disease course among those infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was 5.0% (IQR 2.0%-15.0%) and 3.0% (IQR 2.0%-10.0%), respectively. Participants generally had good knowledge of the main mode of disease transmission and common symptoms of COVID-19. However, a substantial proportion of participants had misconceptions about how to prevent an infection and the recommended care-seeking behavior. For instance, 37.8% (95% CI 36.1%-39.6%) of US participants and 29.7% (95% CI 28.1%-31.4%) of UK participants thought that wearing a common surgical mask was “highly effective” in protecting them from acquiring COVID-19, and 25.6% (95% CI 24.1%-27.2%) of US participants and 29.6% (95% CI 28.0%-31.3%) of UK participants thought it was prudent to refrain from eating at Chinese restaurants. Around half (53.8%, 95% CI 52.1%-55.6%) of US participants and 39.1% (95% CI 37.4%-40.9%) of UK participants thought that children were at an especially high risk of death when infected with SARS-CoV-2.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusions</title><p>The distribution of participants by total household income and education followed approximately that of the US and UK general population. The findings from this online survey could guide information campaigns by public health authorities, clinicians, and the media. More broadly, rapid online surveys could be an important tool in tracking the public’s knowledge and misperceptions during rapidly moving infectious disease outbreaks.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gong, W" uniqKey="Gong W">W Gong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taighoon Shah, M" uniqKey="Taighoon Shah M">M Taighoon Shah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Firdous, S" uniqKey="Firdous S">S Firdous</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jarrett, Ba" uniqKey="Jarrett B">BA Jarrett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moulton, Lh" uniqKey="Moulton L">LH Moulton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moss, Wj" uniqKey="Moss W">WJ Moss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayford, K" uniqKey="Hayford K">K Hayford</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Brien, Kl" uniqKey="O Brien K">KL O'Brien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chandir, S" uniqKey="Chandir S">S Chandir</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kennedy, C" uniqKey="Kennedy C">C Kennedy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hartig, H" uniqKey="Hartig H">H Hartig</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abraham, K" uniqKey="Abraham K">K Abraham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Presser, Stanley" uniqKey="Presser S">Stanley Presser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Helms, Sara" uniqKey="Helms S">Sara Helms</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Charles, Q" uniqKey="Charles Q">Q Charles</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alexandra, C" uniqKey="Alexandra C">C Alexandra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leenisha, M" uniqKey="Leenisha M">M Leenisha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ashley, A" uniqKey="Ashley A">A Ashley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dong, E" uniqKey="Dong E">E Dong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Du, H" uniqKey="Du H">H Du</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gardner, L" uniqKey="Gardner L">L Gardner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Janz, Nk" uniqKey="Janz N">NK Janz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Becker, Mh" uniqKey="Becker M">MH Becker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zarocostas, J" uniqKey="Zarocostas J">J Zarocostas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Richtel, M" uniqKey="Richtel M">M Richtel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Eb" uniqKey="Wilson E">EB Wilson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fauci, As" uniqKey="Fauci A">AS Fauci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lane, Hc" uniqKey="Lane H">HC Lane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Redfield, Rr" uniqKey="Redfield R">RR Redfield</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guan, W" uniqKey="Guan W">W Guan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ni, Z" uniqKey="Ni Z">Z Ni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Y" uniqKey="Hu Y">Y Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, W" uniqKey="Liang W">W Liang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ou, C" uniqKey="Ou C">C Ou</name></author><author><name sortKey="He, J" uniqKey="He J">J He</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, L" uniqKey="Liu L">L Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shan, H" uniqKey="Shan H">H Shan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lei, C" uniqKey="Lei C">C Lei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Ds" uniqKey="Hui D">DS Hui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Du, B" uniqKey="Du B">B Du</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, L" uniqKey="Li L">L Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zeng, G" uniqKey="Zeng G">G Zeng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, K" uniqKey="Yuen K">K Yuen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, R" uniqKey="Chen R">R Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, C" uniqKey="Tang C">C Tang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, T" uniqKey="Wang T">T Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, P" uniqKey="Chen P">P Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xiang, J" uniqKey="Xiang J">J Xiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, S" uniqKey="Li S">S Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, J" uniqKey="Wang J">J Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Z" uniqKey="Liang Z">Z Liang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peng, Y" uniqKey="Peng Y">Y Peng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wei, L" uniqKey="Wei L">L Wei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Y" uniqKey="Liu Y">Y Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Y" uniqKey="Hu Y">Y Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peng, P" uniqKey="Peng P">P Peng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, J" uniqKey="Wang J">J Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, J" uniqKey="Liu J">J Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Z" uniqKey="Chen Z">Z Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, G" uniqKey="Li G">G Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Z" uniqKey="Zheng Z">Z Zheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qiu, S" uniqKey="Qiu S">S Qiu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, J" uniqKey="Luo J">J Luo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, C" uniqKey="Ye C">C Ye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, S" uniqKey="Zhu S">S Zhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhong, N" uniqKey="Zhong N">N 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uniqKey="Kraft C">CS Kraft</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vega, Mdl" uniqKey="Vega M">MDL Vega</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soka, Mj" uniqKey="Soka M">MJ Soka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wahl, V" uniqKey="Wahl V">V Wahl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Griffiths, A" uniqKey="Griffiths A">A Griffiths</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bollinger, L" uniqKey="Bollinger L">L Bollinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kuhn, Jh" uniqKey="Kuhn J">JH Kuhn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Wit, E" uniqKey="De Wit E">E de Wit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Doremalen, N" uniqKey="Van Doremalen N">N van Doremalen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Falzarano, D" uniqKey="Falzarano D">D Falzarano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Munster, Vj" uniqKey="Munster V">VJ Munster</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mahase, E" uniqKey="Mahase E">E Mahase</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kreuter, F" uniqKey="Kreuter F">F Kreuter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Presser, S" uniqKey="Presser S">S Presser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tourangeau, R" uniqKey="Tourangeau R">R Tourangeau</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Keeter, S" uniqKey="Keeter S">S Keeter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Med Internet Res</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J. Med. Internet Res</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JMIR</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Medical Internet Research</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1439-4456</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1438-8871</issn><publisher><publisher-name>JMIR Publications</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Toronto, Canada</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32240094</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7124956</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">v22i4e18790</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2196/18790</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Paper</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Original Paper</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Use of Rapid Online Surveys to Assess People's Perceptions During Infectious Disease Outbreaks: A Cross-sectional Survey on COVID-19</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Eysenbach</surname><given-names>Gunther</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="reviewer"><name><surname>Iyawa</surname><given-names>Gloria Ejehiohen</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="reviewer"><name><surname>Bahrami</surname><given-names>Mohammad Amin</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib id="contrib1" contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Geldsetzer</surname><given-names>Pascal</given-names></name><degrees>MD, MPH, PhD</degrees><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8878-5505</contrib-id><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><address><institution>Division of Primary Care and Population Health</institution><institution>Department of Medicine</institution><institution>Stanford University</institution><addr-line>1265 Welch Road</addr-line><addr-line>Stanford, CA, 94035</addr-line><country>United States</country><phone>1 6507238596</phone><email>pgeldsetzer@stanford.edu</email></address></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>Division of Primary Care and Population Health</institution><institution>Department of Medicine</institution><institution>Stanford University</institution><addr-line>Stanford, CA</addr-line><country>United States</country></aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding Author: Pascal Geldsetzer <email>pgeldsetzer@stanford.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>4</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>2</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>e18790</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>18</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>©Pascal Geldsetzer. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 02.04.2020.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p><pmc-comment>CREATIVE COMMONS</pmc-comment>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.jmir.org/">http://www.jmir.org/</ext-link>, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.jmir.org/2020/4/e18790/"></self-uri><abstract><sec sec-type="background"><title>Background</title><p>Given the extensive time needed to conduct a nationally representative household survey and the commonly low response rate of phone surveys, rapid online surveys may be a promising method to assess and track knowledge and perceptions among the general public during fast-moving infectious disease outbreaks.</p></sec><sec sec-type="objective"><title>Objective</title><p>This study aimed to apply rapid online surveying to determine knowledge and perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the general public in the United States and the United Kingdom.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>An online questionnaire was administered to 3000 adults residing in the United States and 3000 adults residing in the United Kingdom who had registered with Prolific Academic to participate in online research. Prolific Academic established strata by age (18-27, 28-37, 38-47, 48-57, or ≥58 years), sex (male or female), and ethnicity (white, black or African American, Asian or Asian Indian, mixed, or “other”), as well as all permutations of these strata. The number of participants who could enroll in each of these strata was calculated to reflect the distribution in the US and UK general population. Enrollment into the survey within each stratum was on a first-come, first-served basis. Participants completed the questionnaire between February 23 and March 2, 2020.</p></sec><sec sec-type="results"><title>Results</title><p>A total of 2986 and 2988 adults residing in the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively, completed the questionnaire. Of those, 64.4% (1924/2986) of US participants and 51.5% (1540/2988) of UK participants had a tertiary education degree, 67.5% (2015/2986) of US participants had a total household income between US $20,000 and US $99,999, and 74.4% (2223/2988) of UK participants had a total household income between £15,000 and £74,999. US and UK participants’ median estimate for the probability of a fatal disease course among those infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was 5.0% (IQR 2.0%-15.0%) and 3.0% (IQR 2.0%-10.0%), respectively. Participants generally had good knowledge of the main mode of disease transmission and common symptoms of COVID-19. However, a substantial proportion of participants had misconceptions about how to prevent an infection and the recommended care-seeking behavior. For instance, 37.8% (95% CI 36.1%-39.6%) of US participants and 29.7% (95% CI 28.1%-31.4%) of UK participants thought that wearing a common surgical mask was “highly effective” in protecting them from acquiring COVID-19, and 25.6% (95% CI 24.1%-27.2%) of US participants and 29.6% (95% CI 28.0%-31.3%) of UK participants thought it was prudent to refrain from eating at Chinese restaurants. Around half (53.8%, 95% CI 52.1%-55.6%) of US participants and 39.1% (95% CI 37.4%-40.9%) of UK participants thought that children were at an especially high risk of death when infected with SARS-CoV-2.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusions</title><p>The distribution of participants by total household income and education followed approximately that of the US and UK general population. The findings from this online survey could guide information campaigns by public health authorities, clinicians, and the media. More broadly, rapid online surveys could be an important tool in tracking the public’s knowledge and misperceptions during rapidly moving infectious disease outbreaks.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>rapid online surveys</kwd><kwd>perceptions</kwd><kwd>knowledge</kwd><kwd>coronavirus</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>infectious disease</kwd><kwd>outbreak</kwd><kwd>survey</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>public health</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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