Flash Survey on SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Pediatric Patients on anti-Cancer Treatment
Identifieur interne : 000F90 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000F89; suivant : 000F91Flash Survey on SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Pediatric Patients on anti-Cancer Treatment
Auteurs : Ondrej Hrusak ; Tomas Kalina ; Joshua Wolf [États-Unis] ; Adriana Balduzzi [Italie] ; Massimo Provenzi [Italie] ; Carmelo Rizzari ; Susana Rives [Espagne] ; María Del Pozo Carlavilla [Espagne] ; Maria Eli Valerio Alonso [Espagne] ; Nerea Domínguez Pinilla [Espagne] ; Jean-Pierre Bourquin [Suisse] ; Kjeld Schmiegelow [Danemark] ; Andishe Attarbaschi [Autriche] ; Pernilla Grillner [Suède] ; Karin Mellgren [Suède] ; J. Ten Bosch Van Der Werff [Belgique] ; Rob Pieters [Pays-Bas] ; Triantafyllia Brozou ; Arndt Borkhardt ; Gabriele Escherich [Allemagne] ; Melchior Lauten [Allemagne] ; Martin Stanulla [Allemagne] ; Owen Smith [Irlande (pays)] ; Allen Eng Juh Yeoh [Singapour] ; Sarah Elitzur ; Ajay Vora [Royaume-Uni] ; Chi-Kong Li [Hong Kong] ; Hany Ariffin [Malaisie] ; Alexandra Kolenova [Slovaquie] ; Luciano Dallapozza [Australie] ; Roula Farah [Liban] ; Jelena Lazic [Serbie] ; Atsushi Manabe [Japon] ; Jan Styczynski [Pologne] ; Gabor Kovacs [Hongrie] ; Gabor Ottoffy [Hongrie] ; Marisa Felice [Argentine] ; Barbara Buldini [Italie] ; Valentino Conter [Italie] ; Jan Stary ; Martin Schrappe [Allemagne]Source :
- European Journal of Cancer [ 0959-8049 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemics, it is known that the severe course of the disease occurs mostly among elderly, whereas it is rare among children and young adults. Comorbidities, in particular diabetes and hypertension, clearly associated with age, besides obesity and smoke are strongly associated with the need of intensive treatment and a dismal outcome. A weaker immunity of the elderly has been proposed as a possible explanation of this uneven age distribution. Along the same line, anecdotal information from Wuhan, China mentioned a severe course of COVID-19 in a child treated for leukemia.
We made a flash survey on COVID19 incidence and severity among children on anticancer treatment. Respondents were asked by email to fill in a short web based survey.
We received reports from 25 countries, where approximately 10,000 patients at risk are followed. At the time of the survey, over 200 of these children were tested, nine of whom were positive for COVID-19. Eight of the nine cases had asymptomatic to mild disease and one was just diagnosed with COVID-19. We also discuss preventive measures that are in place or should be taken as well as treatment options in immunocompromised children with COVID-19.
Thus, even children receiving anti-cancer chemotherapy may have a mild or asymptomatic course of COVID-19. While we should not underestimate the risk of developing a more severe course of COVID-19 than observed here, the intensity of preventive measures should not cause delays or obstructions in oncological treatment.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.03.021
PubMed: NONE
PubMed Central: 7141482
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Ondrej Hrusak<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Pediatric Hematology, Charles University and Univ. Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Czechia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Pediatric Hematology, Charles University and Univ. Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Czechia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, ASST Monza</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">ASST Monza</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Pediatric Hematology, Charles University and Univ. Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Czechia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Valerio Alonso, Maria Eli" sort="Valerio Alonso, Maria Eli" uniqKey="Valerio Alonso M" first="Maria Eli" last="Valerio Alonso">Maria Eli Valerio Alonso</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Dominguez Pinilla, Nerea" sort="Dominguez Pinilla, Nerea" uniqKey="Dominguez Pinilla N" first="Nerea" last="Domínguez Pinilla">Nerea Domínguez Pinilla</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bourquin, Jean Pierre" sort="Bourquin, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Bourquin J" first="Jean-Pierre" last="Bourquin">Jean-Pierre Bourquin</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Grillner, Pernilla" sort="Grillner, Pernilla" uniqKey="Grillner P" first="Pernilla" last="Grillner">Pernilla Grillner</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ten Bosch Van Der Werff, J" sort="Ten Bosch Van Der Werff, J" uniqKey="Ten Bosch Van Der Werff J" first="J." last="Ten Bosch Van Der Werff">J. Ten Bosch Van Der Werff</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Pieters, Rob" sort="Pieters, Rob" uniqKey="Pieters R" first="Rob" last="Pieters">Rob Pieters</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Brozou, Triantafyllia" sort="Brozou, Triantafyllia" uniqKey="Brozou T" first="Triantafyllia" last="Brozou">Triantafyllia Brozou</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Borkhardt, Arndt" sort="Borkhardt, Arndt" uniqKey="Borkhardt A" first="Arndt" last="Borkhardt">Arndt Borkhardt</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Escherich, Gabriele" sort="Escherich, Gabriele" uniqKey="Escherich G" first="Gabriele" last="Escherich">Gabriele Escherich</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lauten, Melchior" sort="Lauten, Melchior" uniqKey="Lauten M" first="Melchior" last="Lauten">Melchior Lauten</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Stanulla, Martin" sort="Stanulla, Martin" uniqKey="Stanulla M" first="Martin" last="Stanulla">Martin Stanulla</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Smith, Owen" sort="Smith, Owen" uniqKey="Smith O" first="Owen" last="Smith">Owen Smith</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Juh Yeoh, Allen Eng" sort="Juh Yeoh, Allen Eng" uniqKey="Juh Yeoh A" first="Allen Eng" last="Juh Yeoh">Allen Eng Juh Yeoh</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Elitzur, Sarah" sort="Elitzur, Sarah" uniqKey="Elitzur S" first="Sarah" last="Elitzur">Sarah Elitzur</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Vora, Ajay" sort="Vora, Ajay" uniqKey="Vora A" first="Ajay" last="Vora">Ajay Vora</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Li, Chi Kong" sort="Li, Chi Kong" uniqKey="Li C" first="Chi-Kong" last="Li">Chi-Kong Li</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ariffin, Hany" sort="Ariffin, Hany" uniqKey="Ariffin H" first="Hany" last="Ariffin">Hany Ariffin</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Kolenova, Alexandra" sort="Kolenova, Alexandra" uniqKey="Kolenova A" first="Alexandra" last="Kolenova">Alexandra Kolenova</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Slovaquie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Comenius University, Bratislava</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Dallapozza, Luciano" sort="Dallapozza, Luciano" uniqKey="Dallapozza L" first="Luciano" last="Dallapozza">Luciano Dallapozza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">The Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Farah, Roula" sort="Farah, Roula" uniqKey="Farah R" first="Roula" last="Farah">Roula Farah</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country>
<wicri:regionArea>LAUMC-Rizk Hospital, Beirut</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lazic, Jelena" sort="Lazic, Jelena" uniqKey="Lazic J" first="Jelena" last="Lazic">Jelena Lazic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30">University Children`s Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Serbie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Children`s Hospital, Belgrade</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Manabe, Atsushi" sort="Manabe, Atsushi" uniqKey="Manabe A" first="Atsushi" last="Manabe">Atsushi Manabe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hokkaido University in Sapporo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Styczynski, Jan" sort="Styczynski, Jan" uniqKey="Styczynski J" first="Jan" last="Styczynski">Jan Styczynski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32">Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kovacs, Gabor" sort="Kovacs, Gabor" uniqKey="Kovacs G" first="Gabor" last="Kovacs">Gabor Kovacs</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff33">2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ottoffy, Gabor" sort="Ottoffy, Gabor" uniqKey="Ottoffy G" first="Gabor" last="Ottoffy">Gabor Ottoffy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff34">Oncohematology Unit, Dep. of Ped., University of Pécs, Hungary</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Oncohematology Unit, Dep. of Ped., University of Pécs</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Felice, Marisa" sort="Felice, Marisa" uniqKey="Felice M" first="Marisa" last="Felice">Marisa Felice</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Hospital de Pediatría, "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital de Pediatría, "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buldini, Barbara" sort="Buldini, Barbara" uniqKey="Buldini B" first="Barbara" last="Buldini">Barbara Buldini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff36">Onco Hematology Unit, Dept. Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Onco Hematology Unit, Dept. Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Padova</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Conter, Valentino" sort="Conter, Valentino" uniqKey="Conter V" first="Valentino" last="Conter">Valentino Conter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Clinica Pediatrica Universita degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinica Pediatrica Universita degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stary, Jan" sort="Stary, Jan" uniqKey="Stary J" first="Jan" last="Stary">Jan Stary</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Pediatric Hematology, Charles University and Univ. Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Czechia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schrappe, Martin" sort="Schrappe, Martin" uniqKey="Schrappe M" first="Martin" last="Schrappe">Martin Schrappe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">Childrens Hospital Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Childrens Hospital Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Flash Survey on SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Pediatric Patients on anti-Cancer Treatment</title>
<author><name sortKey="Hrusak, Ondrej" sort="Hrusak, Ondrej" uniqKey="Hrusak O" first="Ondrej" last="Hrusak">Ondrej Hrusak</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">CLIP - Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Pediatric Hematology, Charles University and Univ. Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Czechia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kalina, Tomas" sort="Kalina, Tomas" uniqKey="Kalina T" first="Tomas" last="Kalina">Tomas Kalina</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">CLIP - Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Pediatric Hematology, Charles University and Univ. Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Czechia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolf, Joshua" sort="Wolf, Joshua" uniqKey="Wolf J" first="Joshua" last="Wolf">Joshua Wolf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balduzzi, Adriana" sort="Balduzzi, Adriana" uniqKey="Balduzzi A" first="Adriana" last="Balduzzi">Adriana Balduzzi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Clinica Pediatrica Universita degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinica Pediatrica Universita degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Provenzi, Massimo" sort="Provenzi, Massimo" uniqKey="Provenzi M" first="Massimo" last="Provenzi">Massimo Provenzi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Oncologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oncologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rizzari, Carmelo" sort="Rizzari, Carmelo" uniqKey="Rizzari C" first="Carmelo" last="Rizzari">Carmelo Rizzari</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, ASST Monza</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">ASST Monza</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rives, Susana" sort="Rives, Susana" uniqKey="Rives S" first="Susana" last="Rives">Susana Rives</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Del Pozo Carlavilla, Maria" sort="Del Pozo Carlavilla, Maria" uniqKey="Del Pozo Carlavilla M" first="María" last="Del Pozo Carlavilla">María Del Pozo Carlavilla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital General Universitario de Albacete</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Valerio Alonso, Maria Eli" sort="Valerio Alonso, Maria Eli" uniqKey="Valerio Alonso M" first="Maria Eli" last="Valerio Alonso">Maria Eli Valerio Alonso</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital General Universitario de Albacete</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dominguez Pinilla, Nerea" sort="Dominguez Pinilla, Nerea" uniqKey="Dominguez Pinilla N" first="Nerea" last="Domínguez Pinilla">Nerea Domínguez Pinilla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital Virgen de la Salud</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bourquin, Jean Pierre" sort="Bourquin, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Bourquin J" first="Jean-Pierre" last="Bourquin">Jean-Pierre Bourquin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmiegelow, Kjeld" sort="Schmiegelow, Kjeld" uniqKey="Schmiegelow K" first="Kjeld" last="Schmiegelow">Kjeld Schmiegelow</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Department of Peadiatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Peadiatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Attarbaschi, Andishe" sort="Attarbaschi, Andishe" uniqKey="Attarbaschi A" first="Andishe" last="Attarbaschi">Andishe Attarbaschi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grillner, Pernilla" sort="Grillner, Pernilla" uniqKey="Grillner P" first="Pernilla" last="Grillner">Pernilla Grillner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mellgren, Karin" sort="Mellgren, Karin" uniqKey="Mellgren K" first="Karin" last="Mellgren">Karin Mellgren</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenberg, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenberg</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ten Bosch Van Der Werff, J" sort="Ten Bosch Van Der Werff, J" uniqKey="Ten Bosch Van Der Werff J" first="J." last="Ten Bosch Van Der Werff">J. Ten Bosch Van Der Werff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">UZ Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>UZ Brussels</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pieters, Rob" sort="Pieters, Rob" uniqKey="Pieters R" first="Rob" last="Pieters">Rob Pieters</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brozou, Triantafyllia" sort="Brozou, Triantafyllia" uniqKey="Brozou T" first="Triantafyllia" last="Brozou">Triantafyllia Brozou</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17">Department of Pediatric Oncology Hematology and Clinical Immunology Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borkhardt, Arndt" sort="Borkhardt, Arndt" uniqKey="Borkhardt A" first="Arndt" last="Borkhardt">Arndt Borkhardt</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17">Department of Pediatric Oncology Hematology and Clinical Immunology Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Escherich, Gabriele" sort="Escherich, Gabriele" uniqKey="Escherich G" first="Gabriele" last="Escherich">Gabriele Escherich</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Klinik für Pädiatrische Hämatologie und Onkologie Universtitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Klinik für Pädiatrische Hämatologie und Onkologie Universtitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lauten, Melchior" sort="Lauten, Melchior" uniqKey="Lauten M" first="Melchior" last="Lauten">Melchior Lauten</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19">University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stanulla, Martin" sort="Stanulla, Martin" uniqKey="Stanulla M" first="Martin" last="Stanulla">Martin Stanulla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Owen" sort="Smith, Owen" uniqKey="Smith O" first="Owen" last="Smith">Owen Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">National Children’s Cancer Service, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Children’s Cancer Service, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Juh Yeoh, Allen Eng" sort="Juh Yeoh, Allen Eng" uniqKey="Juh Yeoh A" first="Allen Eng" last="Juh Yeoh">Allen Eng Juh Yeoh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, and Viva-University Children's Cancer Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, and Viva-University Children's Cancer Centre, National University Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elitzur, Sarah" sort="Elitzur, Sarah" uniqKey="Elitzur S" first="Sarah" last="Elitzur">Sarah Elitzur</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23">Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vora, Ajay" sort="Vora, Ajay" uniqKey="Vora A" first="Ajay" last="Vora">Ajay Vora</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24">Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Great Ormond Street Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Chi Kong" sort="Li, Chi Kong" uniqKey="Li C" first="Chi-Kong" last="Li">Chi-Kong Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25">Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ariffin, Hany" sort="Ariffin, Hany" uniqKey="Ariffin H" first="Hany" last="Ariffin">Hany Ariffin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kolenova, Alexandra" sort="Kolenova, Alexandra" uniqKey="Kolenova A" first="Alexandra" last="Kolenova">Alexandra Kolenova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27">Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovaquie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Comenius University, Bratislava</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dallapozza, Luciano" sort="Dallapozza, Luciano" uniqKey="Dallapozza L" first="Luciano" last="Dallapozza">Luciano Dallapozza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">The Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farah, Roula" sort="Farah, Roula" uniqKey="Farah R" first="Roula" last="Farah">Roula Farah</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29">LAUMC-Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country>
<wicri:regionArea>LAUMC-Rizk Hospital, Beirut</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lazic, Jelena" sort="Lazic, Jelena" uniqKey="Lazic J" first="Jelena" last="Lazic">Jelena Lazic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30">University Children`s Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Serbie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Children`s Hospital, Belgrade</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Manabe, Atsushi" sort="Manabe, Atsushi" uniqKey="Manabe A" first="Atsushi" last="Manabe">Atsushi Manabe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hokkaido University in Sapporo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Styczynski, Jan" sort="Styczynski, Jan" uniqKey="Styczynski J" first="Jan" last="Styczynski">Jan Styczynski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32">Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kovacs, Gabor" sort="Kovacs, Gabor" uniqKey="Kovacs G" first="Gabor" last="Kovacs">Gabor Kovacs</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff33">2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ottoffy, Gabor" sort="Ottoffy, Gabor" uniqKey="Ottoffy G" first="Gabor" last="Ottoffy">Gabor Ottoffy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff34">Oncohematology Unit, Dep. of Ped., University of Pécs, Hungary</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oncohematology Unit, Dep. of Ped., University of Pécs</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Felice, Marisa" sort="Felice, Marisa" uniqKey="Felice M" first="Marisa" last="Felice">Marisa Felice</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Hospital de Pediatría, "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital de Pediatría, "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buldini, Barbara" sort="Buldini, Barbara" uniqKey="Buldini B" first="Barbara" last="Buldini">Barbara Buldini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff36">Onco Hematology Unit, Dept. Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Onco Hematology Unit, Dept. Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Padova</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Conter, Valentino" sort="Conter, Valentino" uniqKey="Conter V" first="Valentino" last="Conter">Valentino Conter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Clinica Pediatrica Universita degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinica Pediatrica Universita degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stary, Jan" sort="Stary, Jan" uniqKey="Stary J" first="Jan" last="Stary">Jan Stary</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Pediatric Hematology, Charles University and Univ. Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Czechia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schrappe, Martin" sort="Schrappe, Martin" uniqKey="Schrappe M" first="Martin" last="Schrappe">Martin Schrappe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">Childrens Hospital Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Childrens Hospital Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">European Journal of Cancer</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0959-8049</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1879-0852</idno>
<imprint><date when="2020">2020</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title>
<p>Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemics, it is known that the severe course of the disease occurs mostly among elderly, whereas it is rare among children and young adults. Comorbidities, in particular diabetes and hypertension, clearly associated with age, besides obesity and smoke are strongly associated with the need of intensive treatment and a dismal outcome. A weaker immunity of the elderly has been proposed as a possible explanation of this uneven age distribution. Along the same line, anecdotal information from Wuhan, China mentioned a severe course of COVID-19 in a child treated for leukemia.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Aim and methods</title>
<p>We made a flash survey on COVID19 incidence and severity among children on anticancer treatment. Respondents were asked by email to fill in a short web based survey.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>We received reports from 25 countries, where approximately 10,000 patients at risk are followed. At the time of the survey, over 200 of these children were tested, nine of whom were positive for COVID-19. Eight of the nine cases had asymptomatic to mild disease and one was just diagnosed with COVID-19. We also discuss preventive measures that are in place or should be taken as well as treatment options in immunocompromised children with COVID-19.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Thus, even children receiving anti-cancer chemotherapy may have a mild or asymptomatic course of COVID-19. While we should not underestimate the risk of developing a more severe course of COVID-19 than observed here, the intensity of preventive measures should not cause delays or obstructions in oncological treatment.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<author><name sortKey="Arad Cohen, N" uniqKey="Arad Cohen N">N. Arad-Cohen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kassis, I" uniqKey="Kassis I">I. Kassis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Eur J Cancer</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Eur. J. Cancer</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>European Journal of Cancer</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0959-8049</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1879-0852</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Published by Elsevier Ltd.</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7141482</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0959-8049(20)30162-3</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ejca.2020.03.021</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Flash Survey on SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Pediatric Patients on anti-Cancer Treatment</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au1"><name><surname>Hrusak</surname>
<given-names>Ondrej</given-names>
</name>
<email>Ondrej.Hrusak@gmail.com</email>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
<xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">∗</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au2"><name><surname>Kalina</surname>
<given-names>Tomas</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au3"><name><surname>Wolf</surname>
<given-names>Joshua</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au4"><name><surname>Balduzzi</surname>
<given-names>Adriana</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">d</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au5"><name><surname>Provenzi</surname>
<given-names>Massimo</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff5" ref-type="aff">e</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au6"><name><surname>Rizzari</surname>
<given-names>Carmelo</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff6" ref-type="aff">f</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au7"><name><surname>Rives</surname>
<given-names>Susana</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff7" ref-type="aff">g</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au8"><name><surname>del Pozo Carlavilla</surname>
<given-names>María</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff8" ref-type="aff">h</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au9"><name><surname>Valerio Alonso</surname>
<given-names>Maria Eli</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff8" ref-type="aff">h</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au10"><name><surname>Domínguez Pinilla</surname>
<given-names>Nerea</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff9" ref-type="aff">i</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au11"><name><surname>Bourquin</surname>
<given-names>Jean-Pierre</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff10" ref-type="aff">j</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au12"><name><surname>Schmiegelow</surname>
<given-names>Kjeld</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff11" ref-type="aff">k</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au13"><name><surname>Attarbaschi</surname>
<given-names>Andishe</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff12" ref-type="aff">l</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au14"><name><surname>Grillner</surname>
<given-names>Pernilla</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff13" ref-type="aff">m</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au15"><name><surname>Mellgren</surname>
<given-names>Karin</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff14" ref-type="aff">n</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au16"><name><surname>Ten Bosch van der Werff</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff15" ref-type="aff">o</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au17"><name><surname>Pieters</surname>
<given-names>Rob</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff16" ref-type="aff">p</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au18"><name><surname>Brozou</surname>
<given-names>Triantafyllia</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff17" ref-type="aff">q</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au19"><name><surname>Borkhardt</surname>
<given-names>Arndt</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff17" ref-type="aff">q</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au20"><name><surname>Escherich</surname>
<given-names>Gabriele</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff18" ref-type="aff">r</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au21"><name><surname>Lauten</surname>
<given-names>Melchior</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff19" ref-type="aff">s</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au22"><name><surname>Stanulla</surname>
<given-names>Martin</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff20" ref-type="aff">t</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au23"><name><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>Owen</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff21" ref-type="aff">u</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au24"><name><surname>Juh Yeoh</surname>
<given-names>Allen Eng</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff22" ref-type="aff">v</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au25"><name><surname>Elitzur</surname>
<given-names>Sarah</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff23" ref-type="aff">w</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au26"><name><surname>Vora</surname>
<given-names>Ajay</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff24" ref-type="aff">x</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au27"><name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Chi-Kong</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff25" ref-type="aff">y</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au28"><name><surname>Ariffin</surname>
<given-names>Hany</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff26" ref-type="aff">z</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au29"><name><surname>Kolenova</surname>
<given-names>Alexandra</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff27" ref-type="aff">aa</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au30"><name><surname>Dallapozza</surname>
<given-names>Luciano</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff28" ref-type="aff">ab</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au31"><name><surname>Farah</surname>
<given-names>Roula</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff29" ref-type="aff">ac</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au32"><name><surname>Lazic</surname>
<given-names>Jelena</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff30" ref-type="aff">ad</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au33"><name><surname>Manabe</surname>
<given-names>Atsushi</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff31" ref-type="aff">ae</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au34"><name><surname>Styczynski</surname>
<given-names>Jan</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff32" ref-type="aff">af</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au35"><name><surname>Kovacs</surname>
<given-names>Gabor</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff33" ref-type="aff">ag</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au36"><name><surname>Ottoffy</surname>
<given-names>Gabor</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff34" ref-type="aff">ah</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au37"><name><surname>Felice</surname>
<given-names>Marisa</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff35" ref-type="aff">ai</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au38"><name><surname>Buldini</surname>
<given-names>Barbara</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff36" ref-type="aff">aj</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au39"><name><surname>Conter</surname>
<given-names>Valentino</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">d</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au40"><name><surname>Stary</surname>
<given-names>Jan</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au41"><name><surname>Schrappe</surname>
<given-names>Martin</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff37" ref-type="aff">ak</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>
CLIP - Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>
Department of Pediatric Hematology, Charles University and Univ. Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>
Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>d</label>
Clinica Pediatrica Universita degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>e</label>
Oncologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>f</label>
Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, ASST Monza</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>g</label>
Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="aff8"><label>h</label>
Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, Spain</aff>
<aff id="aff9"><label>i</label>
Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Spain</aff>
<aff id="aff10"><label>j</label>
Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</aff>
<aff id="aff11"><label>k</label>
Department of Peadiatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark</aff>
<aff id="aff12"><label>l</label>
Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria</aff>
<aff id="aff13"><label>m</label>
Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="aff14"><label>n</label>
Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenberg, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="aff15"><label>o</label>
UZ Brussels, Belgium</aff>
<aff id="aff16"><label>p</label>
Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="aff17"><label>q</label>
Department of Pediatric Oncology Hematology and Clinical Immunology Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf</aff>
<aff id="aff18"><label>r</label>
Klinik für Pädiatrische Hämatologie und Onkologie Universtitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="aff19"><label>s</label>
University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany</aff>
<aff id="aff20"><label>t</label>
Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany</aff>
<aff id="aff21"><label>u</label>
National Children’s Cancer Service, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland</aff>
<aff id="aff22"><label>v</label>
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, and Viva-University Children's Cancer Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore</aff>
<aff id="aff23"><label>w</label>
Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel</aff>
<aff id="aff24"><label>x</label>
Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="aff25"><label>y</label>
Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong</aff>
<aff id="aff26"><label>z</label>
University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</aff>
<aff id="aff27"><label>aa</label>
Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia</aff>
<aff id="aff28"><label>ab</label>
The Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia</aff>
<aff id="aff29"><label>ac</label>
LAUMC-Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon</aff>
<aff id="aff30"><label>ad</label>
University Children`s Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia</aff>
<aff id="aff31"><label>ae</label>
Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan</aff>
<aff id="aff32"><label>af</label>
Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland</aff>
<aff id="aff33"><label>ag</label>
2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary</aff>
<aff id="aff34"><label>ah</label>
Oncohematology Unit, Dep. of Ped., University of Pécs, Hungary</aff>
<aff id="aff35"><label>ai</label>
Hospital de Pediatría, "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Argentina</aff>
<aff id="aff36"><label>aj</label>
Onco Hematology Unit, Dept. Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy</aff>
<aff id="aff37"><label>ak</label>
Childrens Hospital Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>
<italic>Corresponding author</italic>
. CLIP - Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague. <email>Ondrej.Hrusak@gmail.com</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>7</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>7</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2020</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>28</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2020</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder></copyright-holder>
<license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="abs0010"><sec><title>Introduction</title>
<p>Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemics, it is known that the severe course of the disease occurs mostly among elderly, whereas it is rare among children and young adults. Comorbidities, in particular diabetes and hypertension, clearly associated with age, besides obesity and smoke are strongly associated with the need of intensive treatment and a dismal outcome. A weaker immunity of the elderly has been proposed as a possible explanation of this uneven age distribution. Along the same line, anecdotal information from Wuhan, China mentioned a severe course of COVID-19 in a child treated for leukemia.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Aim and methods</title>
<p>We made a flash survey on COVID19 incidence and severity among children on anticancer treatment. Respondents were asked by email to fill in a short web based survey.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>We received reports from 25 countries, where approximately 10,000 patients at risk are followed. At the time of the survey, over 200 of these children were tested, nine of whom were positive for COVID-19. Eight of the nine cases had asymptomatic to mild disease and one was just diagnosed with COVID-19. We also discuss preventive measures that are in place or should be taken as well as treatment options in immunocompromised children with COVID-19.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Thus, even children receiving anti-cancer chemotherapy may have a mild or asymptomatic course of COVID-19. While we should not underestimate the risk of developing a more severe course of COVID-19 than observed here, the intensity of preventive measures should not cause delays or obstructions in oncological treatment.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="author-highlights" id="abs0015"><title>Highlights</title>
<p><list list-type="simple" id="ulist0010"><list-item id="u0010"><label>•</label>
<p id="p0010">Flash survey was used to get data on COVID-19 incidence and severity.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item id="u0015"><label>•</label>
<p id="p0015">Pediatric Hem/Onc departments of 25 countries responded.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item id="u0020"><label>•</label>
<p id="p0020">COVID-19 may have a mild course in these immunocompromised children.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item id="u0025"><label>•</label>
<p id="p0025">Precautions should be taken to prevent any infections including COVID-19.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item id="u0030"><label>•</label>
<p id="p0030">Malignancy is a primary danger; preventive measures should not hinder its treatment.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group id="kwrds0010"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
<kwd>anti-cancer chemotherapy</kwd>
<kwd>immunosuppression</kwd>
<kwd>children</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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