SARS — beginning to understand a new virus
Identifieur interne : 000560 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000559; suivant : 000561SARS — beginning to understand a new virus
Auteurs : Konrad Stadler [Italie] ; Vega Masignani [Italie] ; Markus Eickmann [Allemagne] ; Stephan Becker [Allemagne] ; Sergio Abrignani [Italie] ; Hans-Dieter Klenk [Allemagne] ; Rino Rappuoli [Italie]Source :
- Nature Reviews. Microbiology [ 1740-1526 ] ; 2003.
Abstract
A new infectious disease, called severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), appeared in southern China in 2002. During the period from November 2002 to the summer of 2003, the World Health Organization recorded 8098 probable SARS cases and 774 deaths in 29 countries. A previously unknown coronavirus was isolated from FRhK-4 and Vero E6 cells inoculated with clinical specimens from patients. A virus with close homology to SARS-CoV was isolated from palm civets and racoon dogs, which are used as food in southern China In less than a month from the first indication that a coronavirus might be implicated in the disease, the nucleotide sequence of the virus was available, and diagnostic tests were set up. The phylogenetic analysis of the SARS-CoV genome revealed that the virus is distinct from the three known groups of coronaviruses and represents an early split-off from group 2. The development of antiviral drugs or vaccines is being investigated. Viral enzymes essential for virus replication, such as the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the 3C-like cystein protease (3Clpro) and the helicases are the most attractive targets for antiviral molecules. Of the possible vaccine targets, the spike (S) protein represents the most promising one. So far, β-interferon is the only licensed drug available, which has been reported to interfere with virus replication
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro775
PubMed: 15035025
PubMed Central: 7097337
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type="pmid">15035025</idno><idno type="pmc">7097337</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7097337</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7097337</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/nrmicro775</idno><date when="2003">2003</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000560</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000560</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000560</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000560</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">SARS — beginning to understand a new virus</title><author><name sortKey="Stadler, Konrad" sort="Stadler, Konrad" uniqKey="Stadler K" first="Konrad" last="Stadler">Konrad Stadler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.15585.3c</institution-id><institution>IRIS, Chiron S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1,</institution></institution-wrap>Siena, 53100 Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Siena</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masignani, Vega" sort="Masignani, Vega" uniqKey="Masignani V" first="Vega" last="Masignani">Vega Masignani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.15585.3c</institution-id><institution>IRIS, Chiron S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1,</institution></institution-wrap>Siena, 53100 Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Siena</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eickmann, Markus" sort="Eickmann, Markus" uniqKey="Eickmann M" first="Markus" last="Eickmann">Markus Eickmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10253.35</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9756</institution-id><institution>Institute of Virology, University of Marburg,</institution></institution-wrap>Marburg, 35037 Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Marburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Becker, Stephan" sort="Becker, Stephan" uniqKey="Becker S" first="Stephan" last="Becker">Stephan Becker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10253.35</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9756</institution-id><institution>Institute of Virology, University of Marburg,</institution></institution-wrap>Marburg, 35037 Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Marburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abrignani, Sergio" sort="Abrignani, Sergio" uniqKey="Abrignani S" first="Sergio" last="Abrignani">Sergio Abrignani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.15585.3c</institution-id><institution>IRIS, Chiron S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1,</institution></institution-wrap>Siena, 53100 Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Siena</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klenk, Hans Dieter" sort="Klenk, Hans Dieter" uniqKey="Klenk H" first="Hans-Dieter" last="Klenk">Hans-Dieter Klenk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10253.35</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9756</institution-id><institution>Institute of Virology, University of Marburg,</institution></institution-wrap>Marburg, 35037 Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Marburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rappuoli, Rino" sort="Rappuoli, Rino" uniqKey="Rappuoli R" first="Rino" last="Rappuoli">Rino Rappuoli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.15585.3c</institution-id><institution>IRIS, Chiron S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1,</institution></institution-wrap>Siena, 53100 Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Siena</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature Reviews. Microbiology</title><idno type="ISSN">1740-1526</idno><idno type="eISSN">1740-1534</idno><imprint><date when="2003">2003</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Key Points</title><p id="Par7"><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p id="Par8">A new infectious disease, called severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), appeared in southern China in 2002. During the period from November 2002 to the summer of 2003, the World Health Organization recorded 8098 probable SARS cases and 774 deaths in 29 countries.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par9">A previously unknown coronavirus was isolated from FRhK-4 and Vero E6 cells inoculated with clinical specimens from patients. A virus with close homology to SARS-CoV was isolated from palm civets and racoon dogs, which are used as food in southern China</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par10">In less than a month from the first indication that a coronavirus might be implicated in the disease, the nucleotide sequence of the virus was available, and diagnostic tests were set up.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par11">The phylogenetic analysis of the SARS-CoV genome revealed that the virus is distinct from the three known groups of coronaviruses and represents an early split-off from group 2.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par12">The development of antiviral drugs or vaccines is being investigated. Viral enzymes essential for virus replication, such as the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the 3C-like cystein protease (3Clpro) and the helicases are the most attractive targets for antiviral molecules. Of the possible vaccine targets, the spike (S) protein represents the most promising one.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par13">So far, β-interferon is the only licensed drug available, which has been reported to interfere with virus replication <italic>in vitro</italic>. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Rev Microbiol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat. Rev. Microbiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature Reviews. Microbiology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1740-1526</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1740-1534</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">15035025</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7097337</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">BFnrmicro775</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nrmicro775</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>SARS — beginning to understand a new virus</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stadler</surname><given-names>Konrad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><bio><p id="Par1">Konrad Stadler studied biochemistry at the University of Vienna, Austria, before he did his Ph.D. work on TBE virus at the Institute of Virology, University of Vienna. Subsequently, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of Virology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands, working on the coronavirus MHV. At present, he is working at the Department of Immunology/Virology of Chiron S.r.l., Siena, Italy.</p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Masignani</surname><given-names>Vega</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><bio><p id="Par2">Vega Masignani graduated with a degree in pharmaceutical chemistry and a Ph.D. in biotechnology from the University of Siena, Italy, with a thesis on the computational approach to the development of a novel <italic>Neisseria meningitidis</italic> vaccine. At present, she is a staff scientist at the Cellular Microbiology and Bioinformatics Unit of Chiron Vaccines, carrying out research in the field of computer analysis applied to microbial pathogenesis.</p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eickmann</surname><given-names>Markus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref><bio><p id="Par3">Dr. Markus Eickmann studied biological science at the University of Marburg, Germany (1987–1993), followed by a doctoral thesis at the Institut für Virologie, Marburg. Since 1996, his research has focused on the structure and function of viral glycoproteins of several viruses, for example, human cytomegalovirus, Borna disease virus, influenza and SARS coronavirus.</p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Becker</surname><given-names>Stephan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abrignani</surname><given-names>Sergio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><bio><p id="Par4">Sergio Abrignani is a M.D., Ph.D., interested in immune response to viruses. In the last years, he has been working on the hepatitis C virus, focusing in particular on host–pathogen interactions. He is Vice President of Immunology and Virology Research at Chiron Vaccines.</p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Klenk</surname><given-names>Hans-Dieter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref><bio><p id="Par5">Hans-Dieter Klenk graduated in 1963 from the Medical School of the University of Cologne, Germany. In 1967, he received a degree in biochemistry at the University of Tuebingen, Germany. He was a postdoctoral fellow at Rockefeller University in New York from 1967 to 1970 and subsequently, an associate professor at the University of Giessen, Germany. At present, he is professor and chairman of the Department of Virology at the University of Marburg, Germany. His main research interests include influenza virus and filoviruses.</p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Rappuoli</surname><given-names>Rino</given-names></name><address><email>rino_rappuoli@chiron.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><bio><p id="Par6">Rino Rappuoli is responsible for Chiron Vaccines Research. After earning his Ph.D. in biological sciences from the University of Siena, he completed his education with stages at Washington University, Rockefeller University and Harvard Medical School. His field of expertise focuses on vaccines, bacterial pathogenesis and infectious diseases. He has developed the first recombinant bacterial vaccine (against pertussis) and a conjugate vaccine against meningococcus C, and at present is developing a vaccine against group B meningococcus using the genome-based approach known as reverse vaccinology.</p></bio></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.15585.3c</institution-id><institution>IRIS, Chiron S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1,</institution></institution-wrap>Siena, 53100 Italy</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10253.35</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9756</institution-id><institution>Institute of Virology, University of Marburg,</institution></institution-wrap>Marburg, 35037 Germany</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2003</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>209</fpage><lpage>218</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© Nature Publishing Group 2003</copyright-statement><license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1" abstract-type="KeyPoints"><title>Key Points</title><p id="Par7"><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p id="Par8">A new infectious disease, called severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), appeared in southern China in 2002. During the period from November 2002 to the summer of 2003, the World Health Organization recorded 8098 probable SARS cases and 774 deaths in 29 countries.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par9">A previously unknown coronavirus was isolated from FRhK-4 and Vero E6 cells inoculated with clinical specimens from patients. A virus with close homology to SARS-CoV was isolated from palm civets and racoon dogs, which are used as food in southern China</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par10">In less than a month from the first indication that a coronavirus might be implicated in the disease, the nucleotide sequence of the virus was available, and diagnostic tests were set up.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par11">The phylogenetic analysis of the SARS-CoV genome revealed that the virus is distinct from the three known groups of coronaviruses and represents an early split-off from group 2.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par12">The development of antiviral drugs or vaccines is being investigated. Viral enzymes essential for virus replication, such as the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the 3C-like cystein protease (3Clpro) and the helicases are the most attractive targets for antiviral molecules. Of the possible vaccine targets, the spike (S) protein represents the most promising one.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par13">So far, β-interferon is the only licensed drug available, which has been reported to interfere with virus replication <italic>in vitro</italic>. Should SARS return during the next winter, we will still need to rely mostly on quarantine measures to contain it.</p></list-item></list></p></abstract><abstract id="Abs2"><p id="Par14">The 114-day epidemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) swept 29 countries, affected a reported 8,098 people, left 774 patients dead and almost paralysed the Asian economy. Aggressive quarantine measures, possibly aided by rising summer temperatures, successfully terminated the first eruption of SARS and provided at least a temporal break, which allows us to consolidate what we have learned so far and plan for the future. Here, we review the genomics of the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), its phylogeny, antigenic structure, immune response and potential therapeutic interventions should the SARS epidemic flare up again.</p></abstract><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© Springer Nature Limited 2003</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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