Immune Response in Human Pathology: Infections Caused by Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Parasites
Identifieur interne : 000110 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000109; suivant : 000111Immune Response in Human Pathology: Infections Caused by Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Parasites
Auteurs :Source :
- Nijkamp and Parnham's Principles of Immunopharmacology ; 2019.
Abstract
In the middle of the nineteenth century, it became clear that micro-organisms could cause disease. Effective treatment, however, was not possible at that time; prevention and spread of infectious diseases depended solely on proper hygienic means. At the beginning of the twentieth century, passive and active vaccination procedures were developed against a number of these PATHOGENIC MICRO-ORGANISMS to prevent the diseases in question (rabies, diphtheria, tetanus, etc.). Thanks to the discovery of antimicrobial chemicals (by Paul Ehrlich) and antibiotics (by Sir Alexander Fleming), the threat of infectious diseases seemed to be minimised. Large-scale vaccination programmes against childhood diseases (diphtheria, whooping cough, and polio), started in the early 1950s, raised hopes of finally being able to eradicate these diseases from the planet. This approach was successful for smallpox (1980). However, new infectious diseases have emerged [e.g.,
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-10811-3_10
PubMed: NONE
PubMed Central: 7123078
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="Par1">In the middle of the nineteenth century, it became clear that micro-organisms could cause disease. Effective treatment, however, was not possible at that time; prevention and spread of infectious diseases depended solely on proper hygienic means. At the beginning of the twentieth century, passive and active vaccination procedures were developed against a number of these PATHOGENIC MICRO-ORGANISMS to prevent the diseases in question (rabies, diphtheria, tetanus, etc.). Thanks to the discovery of antimicrobial chemicals (by Paul Ehrlich) and antibiotics (by Sir Alexander Fleming), the threat of infectious diseases seemed to be minimised. Large-scale vaccination programmes against childhood diseases (diphtheria, whooping cough, and polio), started in the early 1950s, raised hopes of finally being able to eradicate these diseases from the planet. This approach was successful for smallpox (1980). However, new infectious diseases have emerged [e.g., <italic>Legionella</italic>
, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV), <italic>Helicobacter</italic>
, SARS, etc.], and new vaccines and antibiotics are needed. Furthermore, due to intensive medical treatment with antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs, hospital infections are a growing problem. Bacteria hitherto deemed harmless are causing OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS in immunocompromised patients. The pathogens have developed resistance to many antibiotics, and sometimes no effective antibiotics are available to treat these patients.</p>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">978-3-030-10811-3</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-3-030-10811-3</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nijkamp and Parnham's Principles of Immunopharmacology</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Nijkamp and Parnham's Principles of Immunopharmacology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<isbn publication-format="print">978-3-030-10809-0</isbn>
<isbn publication-format="electronic">978-3-030-10811-3</isbn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7123078</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-3-030-10811-3_10</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Immune Response in Human Pathology: Infections Caused by Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Parasites</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group content-type="book editors"><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Parnham</surname>
<given-names>Michael J.</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>mjparnham@yahoo.co.uk</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Nijkamp</surname>
<given-names>Frans P.</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>f.p.nijkamp@gmail.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Rossi</surname>
<given-names>Adriano G.</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>Adriano.Rossi@ed.ac.uk</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7839.5</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9721</institution-id>
<institution>Translational Drug Validation, Fraunhofer IME-TMP and Goethe University Frankfurt,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Frankfurt am Main, Germany</aff>
<aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5477.1</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000120346234</institution-id>
<institution>Utrecht University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4305.2</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7988</institution-id>
<institution>The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research,</institution>
<institution>University of Edinburgh,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Edinburgh, UK</aff>
</contrib-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Verhoef</surname>
<given-names>Jan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>van Kessel</surname>
<given-names>Kok</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>k.kessel@umcutrecht.nl</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Snippe</surname>
<given-names>Harm</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4"></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5477.1</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000120346234</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht,</institution>
<institution>Utrecht University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<fpage>165</fpage>
<lpage>178</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Springer International Publishing AG 2019</copyright-statement>
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<abstract id="Abs1"><p id="Par1">In the middle of the nineteenth century, it became clear that micro-organisms could cause disease. Effective treatment, however, was not possible at that time; prevention and spread of infectious diseases depended solely on proper hygienic means. At the beginning of the twentieth century, passive and active vaccination procedures were developed against a number of these PATHOGENIC MICRO-ORGANISMS to prevent the diseases in question (rabies, diphtheria, tetanus, etc.). Thanks to the discovery of antimicrobial chemicals (by Paul Ehrlich) and antibiotics (by Sir Alexander Fleming), the threat of infectious diseases seemed to be minimised. Large-scale vaccination programmes against childhood diseases (diphtheria, whooping cough, and polio), started in the early 1950s, raised hopes of finally being able to eradicate these diseases from the planet. This approach was successful for smallpox (1980). However, new infectious diseases have emerged [e.g., <italic>Legionella</italic>
, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV), <italic>Helicobacter</italic>
, SARS, etc.], and new vaccines and antibiotics are needed. Furthermore, due to intensive medical treatment with antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs, hospital infections are a growing problem. Bacteria hitherto deemed harmless are causing OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS in immunocompromised patients. The pathogens have developed resistance to many antibiotics, and sometimes no effective antibiotics are available to treat these patients.</p>
</abstract>
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