Traditional and confocal descriptions of a new genus and two new species of deep water Cerviniinae Sars, 1903 from the Southern Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea: with a discussion on the use of digital media in taxonomy (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Aegisthidae)
Identifieur interne : 001621 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 001620; suivant : 001622Traditional and confocal descriptions of a new genus and two new species of deep water Cerviniinae Sars, 1903 from the Southern Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea: with a discussion on the use of digital media in taxonomy (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Aegisthidae)
Auteurs : Paulo H. C. Corgosinho ; Terue C. Kihara ; Nikolaos V. Schizas ; Alexandra Ostmann ; Pedro Martínez Arbizu ; Viatcheslav N. IvanenkoSource :
- ZooKeys [ 1313-2989 ] ; 2018.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.766.23899
PubMed: 29930476
PubMed Central: 6010506
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PMC:6010506Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Traditional and confocal descriptions of a new genus and two new species of deep water <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content> Sars, 1903 from the Southern Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea: with a discussion on the use of digital media in taxonomy (<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subclass">Copepoda</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="order">Harpacticoida</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content>)</title><author><name sortKey="Corgosinho, Paulo H C" sort="Corgosinho, Paulo H C" uniqKey="Corgosinho P" first="Paulo H. C." last="Corgosinho">Paulo H. C. Corgosinho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"><addr-line>Department of General Biology, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Campus Universitário Professor Darcy Ribeiro, 39401-089 Montes Claros (MG), Brazil</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kihara, Terue C" sort="Kihara, Terue C" uniqKey="Kihara T" first="Terue C." last="Kihara">Terue C. Kihara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"><addr-line>Senckenberg am Meer, Department of German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schizas, Nikolaos V" sort="Schizas, Nikolaos V" uniqKey="Schizas N" first="Nikolaos V." last="Schizas">Nikolaos V. Schizas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"><addr-line>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Call Box 9000, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ostmann, Alexandra" sort="Ostmann, Alexandra" uniqKey="Ostmann A" first="Alexandra" last="Ostmann">Alexandra Ostmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"><addr-line>Senckenberg am Meer, Department of German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arbizu, Pedro Martinez" sort="Arbizu, Pedro Martinez" uniqKey="Arbizu P" first="Pedro Martínez" last="Arbizu">Pedro Martínez Arbizu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"><addr-line>Senckenberg am Meer, Department of German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N" sort="Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N" uniqKey="Ivanenko V" first="Viatcheslav N." last="Ivanenko">Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4"><addr-line>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">29930476</idno><idno type="pmc">6010506</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6010506</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:6010506</idno><idno type="doi">10.3897/zookeys.766.23899</idno><date when="2018">2018</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001621</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001621</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Traditional and confocal descriptions of a new genus and two new species of deep water <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content> Sars, 1903 from the Southern Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea: with a discussion on the use of digital media in taxonomy (<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subclass">Copepoda</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="order">Harpacticoida</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content>)</title><author><name sortKey="Corgosinho, Paulo H C" sort="Corgosinho, Paulo H C" uniqKey="Corgosinho P" first="Paulo H. C." last="Corgosinho">Paulo H. C. Corgosinho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"><addr-line>Department of General Biology, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Campus Universitário Professor Darcy Ribeiro, 39401-089 Montes Claros (MG), Brazil</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kihara, Terue C" sort="Kihara, Terue C" uniqKey="Kihara T" first="Terue C." last="Kihara">Terue C. Kihara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"><addr-line>Senckenberg am Meer, Department of German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schizas, Nikolaos V" sort="Schizas, Nikolaos V" uniqKey="Schizas N" first="Nikolaos V." last="Schizas">Nikolaos V. Schizas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"><addr-line>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Call Box 9000, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ostmann, Alexandra" sort="Ostmann, Alexandra" uniqKey="Ostmann A" first="Alexandra" last="Ostmann">Alexandra Ostmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"><addr-line>Senckenberg am Meer, Department of German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arbizu, Pedro Martinez" sort="Arbizu, Pedro Martinez" uniqKey="Arbizu P" first="Pedro Martínez" last="Arbizu">Pedro Martínez Arbizu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"><addr-line>Senckenberg am Meer, Department of German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N" sort="Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N" uniqKey="Ivanenko V" first="Viatcheslav N." last="Ivanenko">Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4"><addr-line>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">ZooKeys</title><idno type="ISSN">1313-2989</idno><idno type="eISSN">1313-2970</idno><imprint><date when="2018">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><label>Abstract</label><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content> is one of the most abundant and diverse families of harpacticoid copepods living in deep-sea benthos, and the phylogenetic relationships within the family are in state of flux. Females of two new deep-water species of harpacticoid copepods belonging to the <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. n.</bold> (<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content>: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content>) are described. The first taxonomic description of marine copepod species based on the combined use of interference and confocal microscopy for the study of the habitus and dissected appendages is presented here. <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EHG">CLSM</abbrev> (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy) is a non-destructive method, comparable in quality to <abbrev xlink:title="scanning electron microscopy" id="ABBRID0ELG">SEM</abbrev> (scanning electron microscopy) at the same magnifications. To observe and reconstruct in detail the habitus and dissected appendages, whole specimens and dissected parts were stained with Congo Red, mounted on slides with glycerine for <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EPG">CLSM</abbrev> and scanned under three visible-light lasers. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold> were collected from the sediments of the Southern Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea, from 2270 m and 5468 m depths, respectively. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. n.</bold> is included within <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content> based on the caudal rami which are relatively divergent. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. n.</bold> is the sister taxon of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniella</named-content></named-content></italic> based on the following synapomorphies: sturdy body, exopodites 1–3 of pereopods 1–3 heavily built, transformed into digging limbs, with strong outer and distal spines/setae, two-segmented endopod on the pereopods 2 and 3, and a reduced pereopod 5. Compared to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniella</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. n.</bold> exhibits a more developed armature on the pereopod 1, which has outer and distal elements transformed into strong and long spines vs. stiff setae on <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniella.</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. n.</bold> has one or two strong and long spines on the inner margin of the exopodite 3 of pereopod 4 and pereopod 5 is fused to the somite, ornamented with three distal setae. The telson of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. n.</bold> is subquadratic, and the furca is among the shortest yet described for <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content>. The new species differ in a number of diagnostic characters, three of which are: a) the somite bearing pereopods 3 and 4 with latero-distal spiniform processes in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold> but smooth in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold>, b) antenna is armed with three stout spines on the lateral inner margin of the exopod in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold> and two proximal setae in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold>, and c) pereopod 4 exopodite 3 has two long and strong spines on the inner margin in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold> and one spine in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold> The high quality of <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EGEAC">CLSM</abbrev> images should foster discussion about the use of high quality digital images as type or as part of the type series in zoological studies, 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Watkins</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Walter, Tc" uniqKey="Walter T">TC Walter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boxshall, G" uniqKey="Boxshall G">G Boxshall</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Zookeys</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Zookeys</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ZooKeys</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>ZooKeys</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1313-2989</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1313-2970</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">29930476</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6010506</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/zookeys.766.23899</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="biological_taxon"><subject>Aegisthidae</subject><subject>Animalia</subject><subject>Arthropoda</subject><subject>Copepoda</subject><subject>Crustacea</subject><subject>Harpacticoida</subject><subject>Invertebrata</subject><subject>Maxillopoda</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject"><subject>Taxonomy</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="geographical_area"><subject>Arctic</subject><subject>Atlantic Ocean</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Traditional and confocal descriptions of a new genus and two new species of deep water <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content> Sars, 1903 from the Southern Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea: with a discussion on the use of digital media in taxonomy (<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subclass">Copepoda</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="order">Harpacticoida</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content>)</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Corgosinho</surname><given-names>Paulo H. C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kihara</surname><given-names>Terue C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schizas</surname><given-names>Nikolaos V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ostmann</surname><given-names>Alexandra</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arbizu</surname><given-names>Pedro Martínez</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ivanenko</surname><given-names>Viatcheslav N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of General Biology, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Campus Universitário Professor Darcy Ribeiro, 39401-089 Montes Claros (MG), Brazil</addr-line></aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Senckenberg am Meer, Department of German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label><addr-line>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Call Box 9000, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label><addr-line>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author: Paulo H. C. Corgosinho (<email xlink:type="simple">pcorgo@gmail.com</email>)</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Academic editor: D. Defaye</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>6</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><issue>766</issue><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>26</day><month>1</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>24</day><month>4</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Paulo H. C. Corgosinho, Terue C. Kihara, Nikolaos V. Schizas, Alexandra Ostmann, Pedro Martínez Arbizu, Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko</copyright-statement><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="zoobank" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://zoobank.org/75C9A0E9-5A26-4CC3-97C7-1771B6A943D1">http://zoobank.org/75C9A0E9-5A26-4CC3-97C7-1771B6A943D1</self-uri><abstract><label>Abstract</label><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content> is one of the most abundant and diverse families of harpacticoid copepods living in deep-sea benthos, and the phylogenetic relationships within the family are in state of flux. Females of two new deep-water species of harpacticoid copepods belonging to the <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. n.</bold> (<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content>: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content>) are described. The first taxonomic description of marine copepod species based on the combined use of interference and confocal microscopy for the study of the habitus and dissected appendages is presented here. <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EHG">CLSM</abbrev> (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy) is a non-destructive method, comparable in quality to <abbrev xlink:title="scanning electron microscopy" id="ABBRID0ELG">SEM</abbrev> (scanning electron microscopy) at the same magnifications. To observe and reconstruct in detail the habitus and dissected appendages, whole specimens and dissected parts were stained with Congo Red, mounted on slides with glycerine for <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EPG">CLSM</abbrev> and scanned under three visible-light lasers. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold> were collected from the sediments of the Southern Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea, from 2270 m and 5468 m depths, respectively. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. n.</bold> is included within <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content> based on the caudal rami which are relatively divergent. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. n.</bold> is the sister taxon of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniella</named-content></named-content></italic> based on the following synapomorphies: sturdy body, exopodites 1–3 of pereopods 1–3 heavily built, transformed into digging limbs, with strong outer and distal spines/setae, two-segmented endopod on the pereopods 2 and 3, and a reduced pereopod 5. Compared to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniella</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. n.</bold> exhibits a more developed armature on the pereopod 1, which has outer and distal elements transformed into strong and long spines vs. stiff setae on <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniella.</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. n.</bold> has one or two strong and long spines on the inner margin of the exopodite 3 of pereopod 4 and pereopod 5 is fused to the somite, ornamented with three distal setae. The telson of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. n.</bold> is subquadratic, and the furca is among the shortest yet described for <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content>. The new species differ in a number of diagnostic characters, three of which are: a) the somite bearing pereopods 3 and 4 with latero-distal spiniform processes in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold> but smooth in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold>, b) antenna is armed with three stout spines on the lateral inner margin of the exopod in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold> and two proximal setae in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold>, and c) pereopod 4 exopodite 3 has two long and strong spines on the inner margin in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold> and one spine in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic><bold>gen. et sp. n.</bold> The high quality of <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EGEAC">CLSM</abbrev> images should foster discussion about the use of high quality digital images as type or as part of the type series in zoological studies, especially when studying rare and small macrofaunal and meiofaunal taxa.</p></abstract><kwd-group><label>Keywords</label><kwd>Arctic biodiversity</kwd><kwd><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniella</named-content></named-content></italic>, deep-sea biodiversity</kwd><kwd>digital taxonomy</kwd><kwd>meiofauna</kwd><kwd><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Paracerviniella</named-content></named-content></italic></kwd><kwd>Tropical Atlantic biodiversity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta><notes><sec sec-type="Citation" id="SECID0ELFAC"><title>Citation</title><p>Corgosinho PHC, Kihara TC, Schizas NV, Ostmann A, Arbizu PM, Ivanenko VN (2018) Traditional and confocal descriptions of a new genus and two new species of deep water Cerviniinae Sars, 1903 from the Southern Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea: with a discussion on the use of digital media in taxonomy (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Aegisthidae). ZooKeys 766: 1–38. <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.3897/zookeys.766.23899">https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.766.23899</ext-link></p></sec></notes></front><body><sec sec-type="Introduction" id="SECID0EWFAC"><title>Introduction</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content> Giesbrecht, 1893 is one of the most abundant and diverse families of harpacticoid copepods living in deep-sea plankton and benthos (<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">George et al. 2014</xref>). They are found in holoplankton, hyperbenthos, as well as hydrothermal vents and cold seeps (<xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">Giesbrecht 1891</xref>, <xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">Conroy-Dalton and Huys 1999</xref>, <xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">Lee and Huys 2000</xref>). According to <xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">Seifried and Schminke (2003)</xref> the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content> comprises three subfamilies: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Aegisthinae</named-content></named-content> with the genera <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Aegisthus</named-content></named-content></italic> Giesbrecht, 1891, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Andromastax</named-content></named-content></italic> Conroy-Dalton & Huys, 1999, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Jamstecia</named-content></named-content></italic> Lee & Huys, 2000, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Nudivorax</named-content></named-content></italic> Lee & Huys, 2000, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Scabrantenna</named-content></named-content></italic> Lee & Huys, 2000; <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content> with the genera <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Brodskaya</named-content></named-content></italic> Huys, Møbjerg & Kristensen, 1997, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cervinia</named-content></named-content></italic> Norman, 1878, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniella</named-content></named-content></italic> Smirnov, 1946, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Eucanuella</named-content></named-content></italic> T. Scott, 1900, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Expansicervinia</named-content></named-content></italic> Montagna, 1981, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Neocervinia</named-content></named-content></italic> Huys, Møbjerg & Kristensen, 1997, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Paracerviniella</named-content></named-content></italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Brodskaya</named-content></named-content>, 1963, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Pseudocervinia</named-content></named-content></italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Brodskaya</named-content></named-content>, 1963; and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniopseinae</named-content></named-content> with the genera <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniopsis</named-content></named-content></italic> Sars, 1909, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hemicervinia</named-content></named-content></italic> Lang, 1935, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Herdmaniopsis</named-content></named-content></italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Brodskaya</named-content></named-content>, 1963, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Pontostratiotes</named-content></named-content></italic> Brady, 1883, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Stratiopontotes</named-content></named-content></italic> Soyer, 1970, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Tonpostratiotes</named-content></named-content></italic> Itô, 1982.</p><p>The phylogenetic relationships within the family <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content> are in state of flux. According to <xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">Walter and Boxshall (2018)</xref>, the family comprises 102 species in 18 genera and the four subfamilies <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Aegisthinae</named-content></named-content> Giesbrecht, 1893, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content> Sars M., 1903, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniopseinae</named-content></named-content> Brotskaya, 1963, and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Pontostratiotinae</named-content></named-content> Scott, A., 1909. <xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">Seifried and Schminke (2003)</xref> suggested that the systematics of the group remains problematic, as species of <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Aegisthinae</named-content></named-content> (formerly <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content>) represent derived <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniopseinae</named-content></named-content>. However, they decided to maintain the family division on <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Aegisthinae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content>, and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniopseinae</named-content></named-content> until a more careful phylogenetic analysis is performed (<xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">Seifried and Schminke 2003</xref>, <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">Kihara and Martínez Arbizu 2012</xref>). More recently, <xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">Huys (2009)</xref> reinstated the subfamily <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Pontostrationinae</named-content></named-content> over <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniopseinae</named-content></named-content>.</p><p>The paper describes two new species of copepod crustaceans designated to a new genus of the subfamily <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content> (<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="order">Harpacticoida</named-content></named-content>: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content>) found in the deep waters of Southern Atlantic and Norwegian Sea. This is the first formal description of a marine copepod species based on combined use of interference and confocal microscopy in study of dissected appendages and the genital field. The methods for the acquisition of 3D rendered images are described by <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">Corgosinho et al. (2017)</xref> and <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Kamanli et al. (2017)</xref>. One of the most important advantages of using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (<abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EQPAC">CLSM</abbrev>) over Scanning Electron Microscopy (<abbrev xlink:title="scanning electron microscopy" id="ABBRID0EUPAC">SEM</abbrev>) is that <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EYPAC">CLSM</abbrev> is a nondestructive imaging technique for the study of whole microscopic animals or small parts of them, such as millimetre or micrometre-long hydrated structures (see extensive discussion by <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Kamanli et al. 2017</xref>). In addition, the use of <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EBAAE">CLSM</abbrev> improves the presentation of appendages and structures in their natural 3-dimentional state, a property not easily transferable by the 2-dimentional inked drawings. High quality <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EFAAE">CLSM</abbrev> photos could substitute the need of taxonomists to acquire type specimens from Museums for comparisons, therefore lessening the burden of understaffed museums but also decrease the likelihood of a lost or damaged type material through the transfer of the specimens back and forth to the Museum. High quality <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EJAAE">CLSM</abbrev> photos depict structures as they appear in reality and potentially remove any shortcomings that an inexperienced taxonomist may have and will increase the quality of publications. The new species were sampled in the frame of the Census of Marine Life subproject CeDAMar (Census of the Diversity of Marine Abyssal Life, 2000–2010) and the IceAGE (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology, since 2011) project. The CeDAMar was a ten-year multinational project (from 2000 to 2010) devoted to map the world biodiversity in the abyssal plains between 4,000 to 5,000 meters deep. The aim of the IceAGE project was to combine classical taxonomic methods with modern biodiversity research, in particular phylogeography and ecological modelling in the climatically sensitive region around Iceland.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods" id="SECID0ENAAE"><title>Material and methods</title><p>The copepods were extracted from sediment samples of three scientific cruises of the Research vessel (RV) “Meteor”. Sediment samples (5127–5455 m depth) were collected by a multi corer (MUC) during the DIVA-1 expedition of the RV “Meteor” (Cruise No. M48/1) to southeast Atlantic Ocean in July–August 2000. During DIVA-2 Expedition of the RV “Meteor” (Cruise No. M63/2), samples were taken by a MUC in the equatorial east Atlantic at depths >5000 m. Additional samples were collected by a box corer (BC) during the Overflow, Circulation and Biodiversity Expedition of the RV “Meteor” (Cruise No. M85/3) 307–2749 m deep (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>, Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>), in the northernmost North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. Temperature and salinity were obtained by a CTD probe coupled to the MUC and BC.</p><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1.</label><caption><p>Sampling locations around Iceland (middle) and South Atlantic Ocean (right).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_209695.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g001"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>Sampling stations of the “Meteor” cruises. Abbreviations: BC – Box Corer, MUC – Multi Corer.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="all" id="TID0E6FAC"><tbody><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Species</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cruise</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Station</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Date</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gear</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Latitude, Longitude</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Depth [m]</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Temperature [°C]</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Salinity [‰]</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">No. of specimens</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. (paratype CV and holotype)</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M48/1</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">330</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">17/07/2000</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">BC</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates"><named-content content-type="geo-json" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[3.866950,-19.116433]}" id="NCID0EYDAE">19°06.986'S, 003°52.017'E</named-content></named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5468</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4941</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.7779</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 adult ♀, 1 subadult copepodite V</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. (paratype)</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M63/2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">105</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">24/03/2005</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">BC</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates"><named-content content-type="geo-json" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-6.468650,0.621100]}" id="NCID0EOFAE">00°37.266'N, 006°28.119'W</named-content></named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5173</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.1087</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.5436</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 adult♀</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. (paratype CV and adult)</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M85/3</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1151</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">17/09/2011</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">MUC</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates"><named-content content-type="geo-json" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-9.933500,69.093333]}" id="NCID0EEHAE">69°05.60'N, 009°56.01'W</named-content></named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2270</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.7518</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.91</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 adult ♀, 1 subadult copepodite V</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. (holotype)</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M85/3</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1164</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">18/09/2011</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">MUC</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates"><named-content content-type="geo-json" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-6.958000,67.588000]}" id="NCID0E1IAE">67°35.28'N, 006°57.48'W</named-content></named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2403</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.82</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.91</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">adult ♀</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>For taxonomic studies, specimens were stained with Congo Red and mounted on slides for confocal laser scanning microscopy (<abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EMJAE">CLSM</abbrev>) following <xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">Michels and Büntzow’s (2010)</xref> protocol. We used the following equipment and settings: Leica DCR 5000 SP5 (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) equipped with a Leica DM 5000B microscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) and three visible-light lasers (DPSS 10 mW 561 nm; HeNe 10 mW 633 nm; Ar 100 mW 458 nm, 476 nm, 488 nm and 514 nm), combined with the software LAS AF Lite, Leica Application Suite Advanced Fluorescence (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Series of stacked images were obtained, collecting overlapping optical sections throughout the whole preparation. Final images were obtained by maximum projection, and <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EUJAE">CLSM</abbrev> illustrations were composed and adjusted for contrast and brightness using the software Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Adobe Systems, San José, U.S.A.).</p><p>The habitus was drawn from whole specimens temporarily mounted in slides with glycerine, adhesive plastic discs were used to support the cover slip and prevent destruction of the specimen (Kihara and Falavigna da Rocha 2009). After <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0E1JAE">CLSM</abbrev> microscopy, specimens were dissected under a Leica MZ12.5 (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Dissected parts were mounted on slides using glycerine as mounting medium, and preparations were sealed with transparent nail varnish. Drawings were made under a Leica DMR microscope equipped with Nomarsky interference contrast and a drawing tube at 400× and 1000× magnification (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Final illustrations were “digitally inked” using Adobe Illustrator CS6 (DIVA-1 and DIVA-2 species) or free hand inked (IceAGE species).</p><p>The terms ‘furca’ and ‘telson’ are used according to <xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">Schminke (1976)</xref>. Terminology and homologisation of maxillary and maxillipedal structures follow <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Ferrari and Ivanenko (2008)</xref>. Therefore, by the application of serial homology, the nomenclature of <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">Huys and Boxshall (1991)</xref> for <abbrev xlink:title="maxilla" id="ABBRID0EMKAE">Mx2</abbrev> (fig. 1.5.5, p. 26) is modified as follows: praecoxa of <abbrev xlink:title="maxilla" id="ABBRID0EQKAE">Mx2</abbrev> is hereafter recognized as syncoxa (praecoxa and coxa), coxa is considered as the basis, and the basis is recognized as the first endopodal segment with claw. Other morphological terms are used according to <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">Huys and Boxshall (1991)</xref>.</p><p>The following abbreviations are used in the text:</p><p><bold><abbrev xlink:title="antennule" id="ABBRID0E4KAE">A1</abbrev></bold> antennule;</p><p><bold><abbrev xlink:title="aesthetasc" id="ABBRID0EGLAE">Ae</abbrev></bold> aesthetasc;</p><p><bold><abbrev xlink:title="antenna" id="ABBRID0EPLAE">A2</abbrev></bold> antenna;</p><p><bold><abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EYLAE">enp</abbrev></bold> endopod;</p><p><bold><abbrev xlink:title="proximal (middle, distal) segment of endopod" id="ABBRID0EBMAE">enp-1</abbrev> (2,3)</bold> proximal (middle, distal) segment of endopod;</p><p><bold><abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0EKMAE">exp</abbrev></bold> exopod;</p><p><bold><abbrev xlink:title="proximal (middle, distal) segment of exopod" id="ABBRID0ESMAE">exp-1</abbrev> (2,3)</bold> proximal (middle, distal) segment of exopod;</p><p><bold><abbrev xlink:title="mandible" id="ABBRID0E2MAE">Md</abbrev></bold> mandible;</p><p><bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxillule" id="ABBRID0EENAE">Mx1</abbrev></bold> maxillule;</p><p><bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxilla" id="ABBRID0ENNAE">Mx2</abbrev></bold> maxilla;</p><p><bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxilliped" id="ABBRID0EWNAE">Mxp</abbrev></bold> maxilliped;</p><p><bold><abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0E6NAE">P1</abbrev>–<abbrev xlink:title="sixth pereopods" id="ABBRID0EDOAE">P6</abbrev></bold> first to sixth pereopods;</p><p><bold><abbrev xlink:title="plesiomorphy" id="ABBRID0ELOAE">pl</abbrev></bold> plesiomorphy;</p><p><bold><abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0EUOAE">sy</abbrev></bold> synapomorphy.</p><p>Hyphen (i.e., “-”) between figure numbers, structures, number of spines and setae, etc. indicates all between and is inclusive (ex: <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0E2OAE">P1</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E6OAE">P5</abbrev> = <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EDPAE">P1</abbrev>, <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EHPAE">P2</abbrev>, <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ELPAE">P3</abbrev>, <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EPPAE">P4</abbrev>, and <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ETPAE">P5</abbrev>; A-C = A, B and C; etc.)</p><p>The type material is deposited at the Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg (<bold>SMF</bold>) in Frankfurt, Germany.</p></sec><sec id="SECID0E2PAE"><title>Taxonomy</title><sec sec-type="Order Harpacticoida Sars, 1903" id="SECID0E6PAE"><title>Order <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="order">Harpacticoida</named-content></named-content> Sars, 1903</title><sec sec-type="Family Aegisthidae Giesbrecht, 1893" id="SECID0EJQAE"><title>Family <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content> Giesbrecht, 1893</title><sec sec-type="Subfamily Cerviniinae Sars M., 1903" id="SECID0ETQAE"><title>Subfamily <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content> Sars M., 1903</title><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Harpacticoida</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://zoobank.org/158094D3-E3A5-427B-BFD7-1223015ABF72"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="taxon-status">gen. n.</named-content></title><p>http://zoobank.org/158094D3-E3A5-427B-BFD7-1223015ABF72</p><sec sec-type="treatment-diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title><p>Female body sturdy with clear distinction between prosome and narrower urosome. Prosome 5-segmented, with cephalosome and four free pedigerous somites. Cephalosome with minute spinules covering surface and anastomosing reticulation towards rostrum and along margins; posterior margin slightly serrate. Pedigerous somites with reticulation along ventroposterior margins; lateral margins of third and fourth pedigerous somites smooth or expanded posteriorly forming hook-like projections laterally; posterior margins serrate. Urosome 5-segmented, comprising <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EGSAE">P5</abbrev> bearing somite, genital double-somite, two free abdominal somites, and telson. Genital double-somite and two free abdominal somites with hook-like projections ventrolaterally. Genital double-somite original segmentation indicated by transverse, serrate surface ridge with reticulation and sensilla dorsal and laterally, completely fused ventrally; genital field with copulatory pore located in median depression; gonopores covered by operculum derived from sixth legs and by anteriorly directed flap arising from somite wall; <abbrev xlink:title="sixth pereopods" id="ABBRID0EKSAE">P6</abbrev> fused genital opercular plate armed with two setae. Telson with well-developed anal operculum; large anal opening with folded and reticulated cuticle; surface ornamentation consisting of pair of sensilla dorsally, minute spinules and pair of pores ventrally; ventral posterior margin with minute setules. <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Furca</named-content></named-content> symmetrical; approximately 3.4× as long as maximum width; distinctly convergent. Each ramus with seven setae: setae I-III not inserted close to each other; seta I proximal, laterally inserted, spiniform and bipinnate; seta II median, dorsally inserted, spiniform, and bipinnate; seta III subdistal, laterally inserted, spiniform and bipinnate; setae IV and V distally inserted, bipinnate and fused basally; seta VI distally inserted, minute and naked; seta VII dorsally inserted, close to seta III, tri-articulate at base and pinnate.</p><p>Rostrum fused to cephalic shield; tip rounded, with tuft of spinules along distal margin or slightly bifid and smooth; with pair of sensilla near apex. <abbrev xlink:title="antennule" id="ABBRID0EWSAE">A1</abbrev> 7-segmented, proximal segments 1–3 cylindrical or subcylindrical; distal segments flattened. Segment I the longest; segment III with aesthetasc fused basally to single seta and set on distinct pedestal; segment VII with aesthetasc fused basally to one seta. Armature formula: I-[1], II-[8-9 elements], III-[10-12 + (1 + <abbrev xlink:title="aesthetasc" id="ABBRID0E1SAE">Ae</abbrev>)], IV-[3], V-[2], VI-[2], VII-[6-7 + (one naked + <abbrev xlink:title="aesthetasc" id="ABBRID0E5SAE">Ae</abbrev>)]. <abbrev xlink:title="antenna" id="ABBRID0ECTAE">A2</abbrev> 3-segmented, comprising cylindrical coxa and allobasis, and 1-segmented flattened <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EGTAE">enp</abbrev>. Coxa small. Basis and <abbrev xlink:title="proximal (middle, distal) segment of endopod" id="ABBRID0EKTAE">enp-1</abbrev> fused, forming elongate allobasis and with abexopodal seta. Enp medial armature four elements, apical armature 3–4 spines, one seta, and three fused elements. Exp 4-segmented; armature formula: I-[2], II-[1], III-[1], IV-[2-3].</p><p><abbrev xlink:title="mandible" id="ABBRID0EQTAE">Md</abbrev>. Coxa with well-developed musculature, gnathobase curved inwards, bearing several multicuspid teeth and single seta on inner distal margin. Palp well developed, comprising basis, <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EUTAE">enp</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0EYTAE">exp</abbrev>. Basis with four setae. Enp 1-segmented with three lateral setae and 6–7 apical setae. Exp 4-segmented; armature formula: I-[2], II-[1], III-[1], IV-[2]. <abbrev xlink:title="maxillule" id="ABBRID0E3TAE">Mx1</abbrev>. Praecoxa with row of spinules; arthrite well developed and with 13–14 elements. Coxa endite cylindrical, bearing 5–6 setae distally; epipodite absent. Basis and <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EAUAE">enp</abbrev> fused; basis with eleven setae; <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EEUAE">enp</abbrev> incorporated into basis, represented by 2–3 naked setae. Exp 1-segmented, with 2–3 setae. <abbrev xlink:title="maxilla" id="ABBRID0EIUAE">Mx2</abbrev> comprising syncoxa fused to allobasis, and 4-segmented <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EMUAE">enp</abbrev>. Syncoxa/allobasis with four endites; proximal coxal endite with five pinnate setae; distal coxal endite almost completely incorporated into syncoxa, with three setae; proximal basal endite with three setae; distal basal endite with two setae and one spine. Enp-1 endite forming strong claw; accessory armature consisting of two setae, one or two spines and zero or one tube pore; armature of fused <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EQUAE">enp</abbrev>-2 represented by three or four elements. Free <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EUUAE">enp</abbrev> 3-segmented; armature formula: I-[claw; 3–4 spines/setae; 0–1 tube pore], II-[3-4], III-[2], IV-[2-3], V-[3-4]. <abbrev xlink:title="maxilliped" id="ABBRID0EYUAE">Mxp</abbrev> with elongated syncoxa, strong basis and 2-segmented <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0E3UAE">enp</abbrev>; syncoxal endites represented proximal to distal by two elements, 3–4 elements, and 2–3 elements; basal endite represented by two elements. Enp with armature formula: I-[2], II-[four elements].</p><p>Pereopods biramous; <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0ECVAE">exp</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EGVAE">enp</abbrev> flattened, bent inwards, especially on <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EKVAE">P1</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EOVAE">P2</abbrev>. Praecoxa without ornamentation. Coxa without ornamentation (<abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0ESVAE">P1</abbrev>) or ornamented (<abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EWVAE">P2</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E1VAE">P4</abbrev>). Basis with (<abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0E5VAE">P1</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0ECWAE">P2</abbrev>) or without (<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EGWAE">P3</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EKWAE">P4</abbrev>) one seta on outer proximal corner, with one seta on inner distal corner of <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EOWAE">P1</abbrev>. Exp 3-segmented. Enp 3-segmented (<abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0ESWAE">P1</abbrev>), 2-segmented (<abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EWWAE">P2</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E1WAE">P3</abbrev>) and 1-segmented (<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E5WAE">P4</abbrev>). <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ECXAE">P5</abbrev> 1-segmented, pointing outwards, fused to supporting somite. Exp with three elements. <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EGXAE">P1</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EKXAE">P4</abbrev> spine and setal formulae as follows:</p><table-wrap orientation="portrait" id="d36e1222" position="float"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" id="TID0EGEAE"><tbody><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exp</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enp</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EFYAE">P1</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, 1</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 1; 0, 1; I, 2, 2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EUYAE">P2</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, 2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 1; I, 2, 1</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EDZAE">P3</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, 2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 1; I, 2, 0</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ESZAE">P4</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, I-II</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 2, 0-I</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-etymology"><title>Etymology.</title><p>The generic name, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic>, from German, means “hare”, and refers to the very superficial resemblance of the new species to a hare or rabbit. Gender masculine.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-type species"><title>Type species.</title><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> sp. n., by present designation.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Harpacticoida</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://zoobank.org/582DC8A7-6041-44AE-85EC-AEB38ED60BBC"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">gen. et</named-content><named-content content-type="taxon-status">sp. n.</named-content></p><p>http://zoobank.org/582DC8A7-6041-44AE-85EC-AEB38ED60BBC</p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figs 2</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">, 3</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">, 4</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">, 5</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">, 6</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">, 7</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">, 8</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">, 9</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">, 10</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">, 11</xref></p><sec sec-type="treatment-type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>Holotype, adult female dissected on six slides (reg. no. SMF 37130/1-6), from DIVA-1 (M48/1, 330). Paratype, adult female (incomplete) dissected into three slides (reg. no. SMF 37131/1-3), from DIVA-2 (M63/2, 105). Paratype 2, subadult copepopid stage V (CV) dissected into five slides (reg. no. SMF 37132/1-5), from DIVA-1 (M48/1, 330).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>Angola Basin (DIVA-1 cruise M48/1, 330) (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>; Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>), Atlantic Ocean.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-etymology"><title>Etymology.</title><p>The specific epithet is built by combining the ancient Greek lexemes λαγός (lagós), meaning hare, and μορφώ (morphó), “the Shapely One”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-description"><title>Description.</title><p>Female. Total body length 730 μm (paratype 1) and 735 μm (holotype) (<italic>N</italic> = 2; mean = 732.5 μm). Largest width measured at posterior margin of <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EL5AE">P2</abbrev>-bearing somite: 292 μm (paratype 1) and 295 μm (holotype) (<italic>N</italic> = 2; mean = 293.5 μm).</p><p><italic>Body</italic> (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2A–C</xref>) with clear distinction between prosome and narrower urosome. Prosome (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2A–C</xref>) 5-segmented, with cephalosome and <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0E45AE">P1</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EB6AE">P4</abbrev> free pedigerous somites. Cephalosome with spinules covering surface and anastomosing reticulation towards rostrum and along margins; posterior margin slightly serrate. Pedigerous somites with reticulation along ventroposterior margins (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2B</xref>); lateral margins of third and fourth pedigerous somites smooth (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2A, B</xref>); posterior margins serrate.</p><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Confocal laser scanning images. Holotype (female) (M48/1, 330, DIVA-I): <bold>A</bold> habitus, dorsal <bold>B</bold> habitus, lateral <bold>C</bold> habitus, ventral.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208580.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g002"></graphic></fig><p><italic>Urosome</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2A–C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3A, B</xref>) 5-segmented, comprising <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EYAAG">P5</abbrev>-bearing somite, genital double-somite, two free abdominal somites and telson. Genital double-somite and two free abdominal somites with hook-like projections ventrolaterally, distalmost the largest.</p><p><italic>Genital double-somite</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2B, C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3A–C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4E</xref>) original segmentation indicated by transverse surface ridge with reticulation and sensilla dorsal and laterally, completely fused ventrally; genital field (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4E</xref>) with copulatory pore slightly covered by a proximal flap, pointing posteriorly, located in a soft median depression; gonopores covered by operculum derived from sixth legs and anteriorly directed flap, medially depressed, arising from somite wall; <abbrev xlink:title="sixth pereopods" id="ABBRID0EUBAG">P6</abbrev> bearing two naked seta.</p><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Holotype (female) (M48/1, 330, DIVA-I): <bold>A</bold> urosome, ventral <bold>B</bold> urosome, dorsal <bold>C</bold> genital double somite, ventral.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208581.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Holotype (female) (M48/1, 330, DIVA-I): <bold>A</bold><abbrev xlink:title="antennule" id="ABBRID0ELDAG">A1</abbrev><bold>B</bold><abbrev xlink:title="antenna" id="ABBRID0ERDAG">A2</abbrev><bold>C</bold> labrum <bold>D</bold> labium <bold>E</bold><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E2DAG">P5</abbrev> and genital double somite <bold>F</bold> furca.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208582.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g004"></graphic></fig><p><italic>Telson</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2A–C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3A, B</xref>) with well-developed anal operculum; large anal opening with folded and reticulated cuticle; surface ornamentation consisting of pair of sensilla dorsally, minute spinules and pair of pores ventrally; ventral posterior margin with minute setules.</p><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Furca</named-content></named-content></italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2A–C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3A, B</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4F</xref>) symmetrical; approximately 3.4× as long as maximum width; distinctly convergent. Each ramus with seven setae: seta I, spiniform and bipinnate, inserted laterally, close to proximal margin; seta II, spiniform and bipinnate, dorsal and medially inserted; seta III laterally inserted, spiniform and bipinnate, located at outer subdistal corner; setae IV and V distally inserted, fused basally, seta IV bipinnate, seta V bipinnate and 4× longer than seta IV; seta VI distally inserted, minute and naked; seta VII dorsal, close to seta III, tri-articulate at base and pinnate.</p><p><italic>Rostrum</italic> (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2A</xref>) fused to cephalic shield; tip rounded, with tuft of spinules along distal margin; with pair of sensilla near apex.</p><p><italic><abbrev xlink:title="antennule" id="ABBRID0ESFAG">A1</abbrev></italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4A</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5B, C</xref>) 7-segmented, proximal segments 1–3 cylindrical or subcylindrical; distal segments flattened. Segment I the longest, with rows of setules along outer and inner margins; segment III with aesthetasc fused basally to seta and set on distinct pedestal; segment VII with aesthetasc fused basally to one naked seta.</p><fig id="F5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Confocal laser scanning images. Holotype (female) (M48/1, 330, DIVA-I): <bold>A</bold> cephalothorax and first pedigerous somite, ventral <bold>B</bold><abbrev xlink:title="antennule" id="ABBRID0EVGAG">A1</abbrev>, dorsal <bold>C</bold><abbrev xlink:title="antennule" id="ABBRID0E2GAG">A1</abbrev>, inner.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208583.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g005"></graphic></fig><p>Armature formula: I-[one pinnate], II-[six naked + two unipinnate], III-[ten naked + (one naked + <abbrev xlink:title="aesthetasc" id="ABBRID0EGHAG">Ae</abbrev>)], IV-[one bipinnate + two naked], V-[two naked], VI-[one unipinnate + one naked], VII-[two naked, three bipinnate + one unipinnate + (one naked + <abbrev xlink:title="aesthetasc" id="ABBRID0EKHAG">Ae</abbrev>)].</p><p><italic><abbrev xlink:title="antenna" id="ABBRID0ERHAG">A2</abbrev></italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4B</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">7A</xref>) 3-segmented, comprising cylindrical coxa and allobasis, and 1-segmented and flattened <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0E4HAG">enp</abbrev>. Coxa small, with spinules along inner margin. Basis and <abbrev xlink:title="proximal (middle, distal) segment of endopod" id="ABBRID0EBIAG">enp-1</abbrev> fused, forming elongate allobasis, with patches of spinules as shown; abexopodal seta long and bipinnate. Medial armature of free <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EFIAG">enp</abbrev> consisting of two smooth setae, one seta medially unipinnate, one distally bipinnate spine and one seta medially unipinnate and distally bipinnate; apical armature consisting of three bipinnate spines, one naked seta and three elements fused basally (two long setae medially unipinnate, and one smooth). Exp 4-segmented; distal segment with row of spinules; armature formula: I-[two pinnate], II-[one pinnate], III-[one pinnate], IV-[two pinnate].</p><p><italic>Md</italic> (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6A</xref>(a1, a2, a3), 7D, E). Coxa with well-developed musculature, gnathobase curved inwards, bearing several multicuspid teeth and one bipinnate seta on inner distal margin; two rows of spinules near insertion area of bipinnate seta. Palp well developed, comprising basis, <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0ERIAG">enp</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0EVIAG">exp</abbrev>. Basis with four bipinnate setae and surface ornamentation as indicated in Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6A</xref> (a1). Enp 1-segmented with three smooth lateral setae and six apical setae (four naked and two unipinnate). Exp 4-segmented, <abbrev xlink:title="proximal (middle, distal) segment of exopod" id="ABBRID0E4IAG">exp-1</abbrev> as long as next three segments combined; armature formula: I-[one smooth and one bipinnate], II-[one bipinnate], III-[one bipinnate], IV-[two bipinnate].</p><fig id="F6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 6.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Holotype (female) (M48/1, 330, DIVA-I): <bold>A</bold><abbrev xlink:title="mandible" id="ABBRID0EWJAG">Md</abbrev> gnathobasis; a1- mandibular palp with basis, <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0E1JAG">exp</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0E5JAG">enp</abbrev>; a2- <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0ECKAG">exp</abbrev>; a3- <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EGKAG">enp</abbrev><bold>B</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxilla" id="ABBRID0EMKAG">Mx2</abbrev> syncoxa, allobasis, and first <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EQKAG">enp</abbrev> without claw; b1 enp1 with claw and accessory spines, and 2<sup>nd</sup><abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EWKAG">enp</abbrev> (fused) in lateral view; b2 <abbrev xlink:title="proximal (middle, distal) segment of endopod" id="ABBRID0E1KAG">enp-1</abbrev> with claw, and <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0E5KAG">enp</abbrev>-2 to <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0ECLAG">enp</abbrev>-5; b3 upper view of <abbrev xlink:title="proximal (middle, distal) segment of endopod" id="ABBRID0EGLAG">enp-1</abbrev> to <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EKLAG">enp</abbrev>-5; b4 upper view of <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EOLAG">enp</abbrev>-2; b5-b7 upper view of <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0ESLAG">enp</abbrev>-3 to <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EWLAG">enp</abbrev>-5 <bold>C</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxillule" id="ABBRID0E3LAG">Mx1</abbrev> with unarmed coxa, basis, <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EAMAG">enp</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0EEMAG">exp</abbrev>; c1 and c2- coxa; c3 basis with incorporated <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EIMAG">enp</abbrev>; c4- exopod <bold>D</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxilliped" id="ABBRID0EOMAG">Mxp</abbrev>.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208584.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g006"></graphic></fig><fig id="F7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 7.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Confocal laser scanning images. Holotype (female) (M48/1, 330, DIVA-I): <bold>A</bold><abbrev xlink:title="antenna" id="ABBRID0EMNAG">A2</abbrev><bold>B</bold> labrum, anterior <bold>C</bold> labrum, labium and <abbrev xlink:title="mandible" id="ABBRID0EUNAG">Md</abbrev>, ventral <bold>D</bold><abbrev xlink:title="mandible" id="ABBRID0E1NAG">Md</abbrev>, anterior <bold>E</bold><abbrev xlink:title="mandible" id="ABBRID0EAOAG">Md</abbrev>, posterior.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208585.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g007"></graphic></fig><p><italic><abbrev xlink:title="maxillule" id="ABBRID0EMOAG">Mx1</abbrev></italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6C</xref>(c1–c4), 8A, B). Praecoxa with row of spinules; arthrite well developed, with one pinnate and one smooth seta on anterior surface, four smooth spines, and three pinnate spines along distal margin (two ornate with two large spinules at basis), four pinnate setae on aboral margin, two fused at basis. Coxa endite cylindrical, bearing five setae (four naked and one pinnate) distally; epipodite absent. Basis and <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EUOAG">enp</abbrev> fused; basis with eleven setae; <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EYOAG">enp</abbrev> incorporated into basis, represented by two naked setae. Exp 1-segmented, with three bipinnate setae.</p><fig id="F8" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 8.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Confocal laser scanning images. Holotype (female) (M48/1, 330, DIVA-I): <bold>A</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxillule" id="ABBRID0ERPAG">Mx1</abbrev>, posterior <bold>B</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxillule" id="ABBRID0EXPAG">Mx1</abbrev>, anterior <bold>C</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxilla" id="ABBRID0E4PAG">Mx2</abbrev>, anterior <bold>D</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxilla" id="ABBRID0EDQAG">Mx2</abbrev>, posterior <bold>E</bold> Mp, anterior.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208586.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g008"></graphic></fig><p><italic><abbrev xlink:title="maxilla" id="ABBRID0ERQAG">Mx2</abbrev></italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6B</xref>(b1–b7), 8C, D) comprising syncoxa fused to allobasis, and 5-segmented <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EZQAG">enp</abbrev>. Syncoxa/allobasis with four endites; proximal coxal endite with five pinnate setae; distal coxal endite almost completely incorporated into syncoxa, with one pinnate setae, and two naked setae with bifid tip; proximal basal endite with three setae (two naked, one with bifid tip, and one weakly pinnate); distal basal endite with two naked setae with bifid tip, and one weakly pinnate spine. Enp-1 endite forming strong claw; accessory armature consisting of two naked setae (one long and flexible and one foliaceous), one spine and one claw-like spine; armature of fused <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0E4QAG">enp</abbrev>-2 represented by three naked seta. Free <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EBRAG">enp</abbrev> 3-segmented; armature formula: I-[claw; 4], II-[3], III-[2], IV-[3], V-[3].</p><p><italic>Mxp</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6D</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">8E</xref>) with elongated syncoxa, strong basis, and 2-segmented <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0ERRAG">enp</abbrev>. Syncoxa with rows of spinules along inner and outer margins; syncoxa with three endites; first endite with one bipinnate seta and one bipinnate spine; second endite with two bipinnate setae and one bipinnate spine; third endite with one bipinnate seta and one bipinnate spine; basal endite with one bipinnate seta and one unipinnate spine. Enp with armature formula: I-[two setae; one bipinnate and one naked], II-[one unipinnate spine + three bipinnate setae].</p><p>Pereopods (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5A</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">9</xref>–<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">11</xref>) biramous; <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0EDSAG">exp</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EHSAG">enp</abbrev> bent inwards, especially on <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0ELSAG">P1</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EPSAG">P2</abbrev>. Praecoxa transversally elongate, without ornamentation. Coxa without ornamentation (<abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0ETSAG">P1</abbrev>) or ornamented (<abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EXSAG">P2</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E2SAG">P4</abbrev>), with position and strength of ornamentation differing from <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0E6SAG">P2</abbrev> to <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EDTAG">P4</abbrev>. Basis with (<abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EHTAG">P1</abbrev>, <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0ELTAG">P2</abbrev>) or without (<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EPTAG">P3</abbrev>, <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ETTAG">P4</abbrev>) bipinnate seta on outer proximal corner, with bipinnate seta on inner distal corner of <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EXTAG">P1</abbrev>. Exp 3-segmented; bent inwards against basis in <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0E2TAG">P1</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0E6TAG">P2</abbrev>, <abbrev xlink:title="proximal (middle, distal) segment of exopod" id="ABBRID0EDUAG">exp-1</abbrev> with rows of setules along inner margin and spinules along outer margin, <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0EHUAG">exp</abbrev>-2 without ornamentation on <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0ELUAG">P1</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EPUAG">P2</abbrev>, with setules on inner margin of <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ETUAG">P3</abbrev> and outer margin of <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EXUAG">P4</abbrev>. Enp 3-segmented on <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0E2UAG">P1</abbrev>, 2-segmented on <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0E6UAG">P2</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EDVAG">P3</abbrev> but 1-segmented on <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EHVAG">P4</abbrev>; <abbrev xlink:title="proximal (middle, distal) segment of endopod" id="ABBRID0ELVAG">enp-1</abbrev> with setules along outer margin of <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EPVAG">P1</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ETVAG">P3</abbrev>; <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EXVAG">enp</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E2VAG">P4</abbrev> with setules on outer margin. Setal formulae as follows:</p><fig id="F9" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 9.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Holotype (female) (M48/1, 330, DIVA-I): <bold>A</bold><abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EUWAG">P1</abbrev>; a1- <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EYWAG">P1</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0E3WAG">enp</abbrev>.; b3- <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EAXAG">P2</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EEXAG">enp</abbrev>-2. Paratype (Copepodite V) (M48/1, 330, DIVA-I) <bold>B</bold><abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EKXAG">P2</abbrev>; b1- <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EOXAG">P2</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0ESXAG">enp</abbrev>; b2- <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EWXAG">P2</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0E1XAG">enp</abbrev>-3.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208587.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g009"></graphic></fig><fig id="F10" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 10.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Holotype (female) (M48/1, 330, DIVA-I): <bold>A</bold><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EYYAG">P3</abbrev><bold>B</bold><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E5YAG">P4</abbrev>; b1- <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ECZAG">P4</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EGZAG">enp</abbrev>. Paratype (Copepodite V) (M48/1, 330, DIVA-I) : a1- <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EKZAG">P3</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EOZAG">enp</abbrev>-3; b2- <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ESZAG">P4</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0EWZAG">exp</abbrev>-3; b3- <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E1ZAG">P4</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0E5ZAG">enp</abbrev>-3.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208588.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g010"></graphic></fig><fig id="F11" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 11.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Confocal laser scanning images. Holotype (female) (M48/1, 330, DIVA-I): <bold>A</bold><abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0E31AG">P1</abbrev><bold>C</bold><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EC2AG">P3</abbrev>. Paratype (female) (M63/2, 105, Diva II) <bold>B</bold><abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EI2AG">P2</abbrev>.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208589.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g011"></graphic></fig><table-wrap orientation="portrait" id="d36e2143" position="float"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" id="TID0EPUAE"><tbody><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exp</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enp</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EI3AG">P1</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, 1</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 1; 0, 1; I, 2, 2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EX3AG">P2</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, 2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 1; I (broken), 2, 1</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EG4AG">P3</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, 2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 1; I, 2, 0</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EV4AG">P4</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, II</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 2, I</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EB5AG">P5</abbrev> (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4E</xref>) One-segmented, fused to supporting somite, pointing outwards. Exp with three elements (one lost during dissection), outer most a bipinnate seta, innermost a bipinnate spine.</p><p>Male unknown.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Occurrence"><title>Occurrence.</title><p>Angola and Guinea basins, Atlantic Ocean.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>In the subadult CV, <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EV5AG">enp</abbrev> is 3-segmented on <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EZ5AG">P2</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E45AG">P4</abbrev>; <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0EB6AG">exp</abbrev>-3 of <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EF6AG">P4</abbrev> with 8 elements (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">10 b2</xref>); <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EN6AG">enp</abbrev>-2 of <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0ER6AG">P2</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EV6AG">P4</abbrev> with two inner setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">9 B, b1</xref>), <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0E46AG">exp</abbrev>-3 of <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EBABG">P2</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EFABG">P4</abbrev> with 5 elements (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">9 b3</xref> and Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">10</xref> (a1, b3)). Setal formulae as follows:</p><table-wrap orientation="portrait" id="d36e2259" position="float"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" id="TID0EEYAE"><tbody><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exp</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enp</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EIBBG">P1</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, 1</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 1; 0, 1; I, 2, 2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EXBBG">P2</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, 2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 1; 0, 2; 0, I+2 (?), II</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EGCBG">P3</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, 2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 1; 0,2; 0, I+2, II</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EVCBG">P4</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II (?), II (?) +1, 3 elements (broken)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 1; 0, 2; 5 elements (two broken)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Harpacticoida</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://zoobank.org/E1475D7D-08B2-4E01-A1DE-3E849E71C2DB"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">gen. et</named-content><named-content content-type="taxon-status">sp. n.</named-content></p><p>http://zoobank.org/E1475D7D-08B2-4E01-A1DE-3E849E71C2DB</p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">Figs 12</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">, 13</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">, 14</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F15">, 15</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F16">, 16</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F17">, 17</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F18">, 18</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F19">, 19</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F20">, 20</xref></p><sec sec-type="treatment-type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>Holotype female dissected on 21 slides (reg. no. SMF 37133/1-21) from station 1164, multi corer 9. Undissected paratypes: one female (reg. no. SMF 37134/1) from station 1151, MUC 12 and one subadult copepopid stage V (CV) (reg. no. SMF 37135/1) from station 1151, MUC 10. All specimens were collected during the Overflow, Circulation and Biodiversity Expedition of the RV “Meteor” (Cruise No. M85/3).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>Norwegian Sea (IceAGE cruise M85/3, 1164) (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>; Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-etymology"><title>Etymology.</title><p>The specific epithet is built by combining the Latin <italic>talpa</italic>, meaning a mole, and the ancient Greek lexeme <italic>μορφώ</italic> (<italic>morphó</italic>), “the Shapely One”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-description"><title>Description.</title><p>Female. Total body length 986.7 μm (holotype) and 1000.0 μm (paratype) (<italic>N</italic> = 2; mean = 993.4 μm). Largest width measured at posterior margin of <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0ETGBG">P2</abbrev>-bearing somite: 400.0 μm (holotype) and 437.5 μm (paratype) (<italic>N</italic> = 2; mean = 418.7 μm).</p><p><italic>Body</italic> (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">12A–C</xref>) with clear distinction between prosome and narrower urosome. Prosome 5-segmented, with cephalosome and four free pedigerous somites. Cephalosome with minute spinules covering surface and anastomosing reticulation towards rostrum and along margins; additional ornamentation consisting of sensilla and pores; posterior margin slightly serrate. Pedigerous somites with reticulation along posterior margins and ornamentation consisting of sensilla; lateral margins of third and fourth pedigerous somites expanded posteriorly forming hook-like projections laterally; posterior margins serrate.</p><fig id="F12" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 12.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Confocal laser scanning images. Holotype (female) (M85/3, 1164): <bold>A</bold> habitus, dorsal <bold>B</bold> habitus, lateral <bold>C</bold> habitus, ventral.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208590.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g012"></graphic></fig><p><italic>Urosome</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">12A–C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">13A, B</xref>) 5-segmented, comprising <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ELIBG">P5</abbrev>-bearing somite, genital double-somite, two free abdominal somites, and telson. Urosomites with surface ornamentation consisting of sensilla and minute spinules, spinules more conspicuous ventrally; posterior margin serrate and with reticulated surface, genital double-somite and two free abdominal somites with hook-like projections ventrolaterally, larger in somite anterior to telson.</p><fig id="F13" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 13.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Confocal laser scanning images. Holotype (female) (M85/3, 1164): <bold>A</bold> urosome, dorsal <bold>B</bold> urosome, ventral <bold>C</bold> furca, dorsal <bold>D</bold> furca, ventral <bold>E</bold><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EMJBG">P5</abbrev> and double genital somite.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208591.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g013"></graphic></fig><p><italic>Genital double-somite</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">12C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">13B, E</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F19">19D</xref>) original segmentation indicated by transverse, serrate surface ridge with reticulation and sensilla dorsal and laterally, completely fused ventrally; genital field (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">12C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">13B, E</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F19">19D</xref>) with copulatory pore completely visible, not covered by a proximal flap as observed for the previous species, located in a well-developed median depression; gonopores covered by operculum derived from sixth legs and by anteriorly directed and straight flap arising from somite wall; <abbrev xlink:title="sixth pereopods" id="ABBRID0ERKBG">P6</abbrev> bearing two naked setae.</p><p><italic>Telson</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">12A–C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">13A, B</xref>) with well-developed anal operculum; large anal opening with folded and reticulated cuticle; surface ornamentation consisting of pair of sensilla dorsally, minute spinules and pair of pores ventrally; ventral posterior margin with minute setules.</p><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Furca</named-content></named-content></italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">12A–C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">13A–D</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">14D, E</xref>) symmetrical; approximately 3.4× as long as maximum width; distinctly convergent. Each ramus with seven setae: seta I, spiniform and bipinnate, close to anterior margin; seta II, spiniform and bipinnate, located dorsally; seta III spiniform and bipinnate, located at outer distal corner; setae IV and V fused basally, seta IV bipinnate, seta V bipinnate and 4× longer than seta IV; seta VI minute and naked; seta VII tri-articulate at base and pinnate.</p><fig id="F14" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 14.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Holotype (female) (M85/3, 1164): <bold>A</bold> antennule <bold>B</bold><abbrev xlink:title="antenna" id="ABBRID0ENMBG">A2</abbrev><bold>C</bold><abbrev xlink:title="antenna" id="ABBRID0ETMBG">A2</abbrev> coxa and allobasis <bold>D</bold> furca, dorsal <bold>E</bold> furca, ventral.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208592.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g014"></graphic></fig><p><italic>Rostrum</italic> (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">12A, C</xref>) fused to cephalic shield; tip slightly bifid; with pair of sensilla and midventral tube-pore near apex.</p><p><italic><abbrev xlink:title="antennule" id="ABBRID0ELNBG">A1</abbrev></italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">14A</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F15">15A, B</xref>) 7-segmented. Shape as in previous species. Segment I the longest, with rows of setules along outer and inner margins, with small spinules along outer distal corner; segment III with aesthetasc fused basally to seta and set on distinct pedestal; segment VII with aesthetasc fused basally to one naked seta.</p><fig id="F15" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 15.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Confocal laser scanning images. Holotype (female) (M85/3, 1164): <bold>A</bold><abbrev xlink:title="antennule" id="ABBRID0EMOBG">A1</abbrev>, ventral <bold>B</bold><abbrev xlink:title="antennule" id="ABBRID0ESOBG">A1</abbrev>, dorsal <bold>C</bold><abbrev xlink:title="antenna" id="ABBRID0EYOBG">A2</abbrev><bold>D</bold> ventral cephalothorax showing <abbrev xlink:title="antenna" id="ABBRID0E5OBG">A2</abbrev> and mouthparts.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208593.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g015"></graphic></fig><p>Armature formula: I-[one pinnate], II-[four naked + three bipinnate + two missing elements], III-[eleven naked + one bipinnate + (one naked + ae)], IV- [three naked], V-[two naked], VI-[two naked], VII- [three naked, three pinnate + (one naked + ae)].</p><p><italic><abbrev xlink:title="antenna" id="ABBRID0ELPBG">A2</abbrev></italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">14B, C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F15">15C, D</xref>) 3-segmented, comprising cylindrical coxa and allobasis, and flattened 1-segmented <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EXPBG">enp</abbrev>. Coxa small, with spinules along inner margin. Basis and <abbrev xlink:title="proximal (middle, distal) segment of endopod" id="ABBRID0E2PBG">enp-1</abbrev> fused, forming elongate allobasis, with denticles along abexopodal margin and patch of spinules; abexopodal seta bipinnate. Free <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0E6PBG">enp</abbrev> ornamented with rows of spinules on anterior surface; medial armature consisting of three pectinate spines and one bipinnate seta; apical armature consisting of four pectinate spines, one naked seta and three elements fused basally (one bipinnate seta, one unipinnate seta and one small flattened seta). Exp 4-segmented; distal segment with row of spinules; armature formula: I-[two pinnate], II-[one pinnate], III-[one pinnate], IV-[three pinnate].</p><p><italic>Md</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F16">16A</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F17">17A</xref>). Coxa with well-developed musculature, gnathobase curved inwards, with several multicuspidate teeth and one bipinnate seta on inner distal margin; rows of spinules near insertion area of bipinnate seta. Palp well developed, with basis, <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EPQBG">enp</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0ETQBG">exp</abbrev>. Basis with four bipinnate setae and surface ornamentation as indicated in Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">14A</xref>. Enp 1-segmented with three lateral setae (two bipinnate and one unipinnate) and seven apical setae (four naked, two bipinnate and one unipinnate). Exp 4-segmented, <abbrev xlink:title="proximal (middle, distal) segment of exopod" id="ABBRID0E2QBG">exp-1</abbrev> as long as next three segments combined; armature formula: I-[two bipinnate], II-[one bipinnate], III-[one bipinnate], IV-[two bipinnate].</p><fig id="F16" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 16.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Holotype (female) (M85/3, 1164): <bold>A</bold> mandible <bold>B</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxillule" id="ABBRID0EWRBG">Mx1</abbrev><bold>C</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxillule" id="ABBRID0E3RBG">Mx1</abbrev> praecoxal arthrite <bold>D</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxilla" id="ABBRID0ECSBG">Mx2</abbrev>.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208594.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g016"></graphic></fig><fig id="F17" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 17.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Confocal laser scanning images. Holotype (female) (M85/3, 1164): <bold>A</bold><abbrev xlink:title="mandible" id="ABBRID0EATBG">Md</abbrev>, anterior <bold>B</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxillule" id="ABBRID0EGTBG">Mx1</abbrev><bold>C</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxilla" id="ABBRID0EMTBG">Mx2</abbrev><bold>D</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxilliped" id="ABBRID0ESTBG">Mxp</abbrev>.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208595.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g017"></graphic></fig><p><italic><abbrev xlink:title="maxillule" id="ABBRID0E5TBG">Mx1</abbrev></italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F16">16B, C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F17">17B</xref>). Praecoxa with row of spinules as shown; arthrite well developed, with two pinnate setae on anterior surface, seven pinnate and striated spines and three bipinnate setae along distal margin, two bipinnate setae on posterior surface. Coxa endite cylindrical, bearing six setae (five naked and one pinnate) distally; epipodite absent. Basis and <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EKUBG">enp</abbrev> fused; basis with eleven setae (nine naked and two bipinnate); <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EOUBG">enp</abbrev> incorporated into basis, represented by three naked setae. Exp 1-segmented, with two bipinnate setae.</p><p><italic><abbrev xlink:title="maxilla" id="ABBRID0EVUBG">Mx2</abbrev></italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F15">15D</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F16">16D</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F17">17C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F18">18A</xref>) with syncoxa fused to allobasis and 5-segmented <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EJVBG">enp</abbrev>. Syncoxa with four endites; proximal coxal endite with five setae (one naked and four pinnate); distal coxal endite almost completely incorporated into syncoxa, with three pinnate setae; proximal basal endite with three setae (two naked and one pinnate); distal basal endite with two naked setae and a pinnate spine. Enp-1 endite forming strong claw; accessory armature consisting of two naked setae, one spine and one tube pore; armature of fused <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0ENVBG">enp</abbrev>-2 represented by three naked setae and one spine. Free <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0ERVBG">enp</abbrev> 3-segmented with armature formula: I-[claw; 3 and tube pore], II-[4]; III-[2], IV-[2], V-[4].</p><fig id="F18" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 18.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Holotype (female) (M85/3, 1164): <bold>A</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxilla" id="ABBRID0EKWBG">Mx2</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EOWBG">enp</abbrev><bold>B</bold><abbrev xlink:title="maxilliped" id="ABBRID0EUWBG">Mxp</abbrev><bold>C</bold><abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EZWBG">P1</abbrev><bold>D</bold><abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0E5WBG">P2</abbrev>.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208596.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g018"></graphic></fig><p><italic>Mxp</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F17">17D</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F18">18B</xref>) with elongated protopod and 2-segmented <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0ETXBG">enp</abbrev>. Protopod with rows of spinules along inner and outer margins; syncoxa with three endites; proximal endite with one bipinnate seta and one bipinnate spine; second endite with three bipinnate setae and one bipinnate spine; distal endite with two bipinnate setae and one bipinnate spine; basal endite represented by one naked seta and one unipinnate spine. Enp with armature formula: I-[2], II-[two unipinnate spines + one naked seta + one bipinnate seta].</p><p><italic>Pereopods</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F18">18C, D</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F19">19A–C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F20">20A–D</xref>) biramous and flattened; <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0EHYBG">exp</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0ELYBG">enp</abbrev> bent inwards, especially on <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EPYBG">P1</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0ETYBG">P2</abbrev>. Praecoxa without ornamentation. Coxa with row of spinules along distal margin (<abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EXYBG">P1</abbrev>) or anterior surface (<abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0E2YBG">P2</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E6YBG">P4</abbrev>). Basis with (<abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EDZBG">P1</abbrev>) or without (<abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EHZBG">P2</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ELZBG">P4</abbrev>) bipinnate seta on outer proximal corner, with bipinnate seta on inner distal corner, ornamentation consisting of patches of setules along outer (<abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EPZBG">P1</abbrev>) and distal margins. Exp 3-segmented; <abbrev xlink:title="proximal (middle, distal) segment of exopod" id="ABBRID0ETZBG">exp-1</abbrev> with rows of setules along inner and outer margins, <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0EXZBG">exp</abbrev>-2 with rows of setules along inner (<abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0E2ZBG">P1</abbrev>, <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0E6ZBG">P2</abbrev>) and outer margins (<abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0ED1BG">P1</abbrev>, <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EH1BG">P4</abbrev>). Enp 3-segmented (<abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EL1BG">P1</abbrev>), 2-segmented (<abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EP1BG">P2</abbrev>, <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ET1BG">P3</abbrev>) and 1-segmented (<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EX1BG">P4</abbrev>); <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0E21BG">enp</abbrev>- 1 with rows of setules along outer margin (<abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0E61BG">P2</abbrev>, <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ED2BG">P3</abbrev>) or naked (<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EH2BG">P4</abbrev>). <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EL2BG">P1</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EP2BG">P4</abbrev> spine and setal formulae as follows:</p><fig id="F19" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 19.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Holotype (female) (M85/3, 1164): <bold>A</bold><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EI3BG">P3</abbrev><bold>B</bold><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EN3BG">P4</abbrev><bold>C</bold> variable <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ET3BG">P4</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0EX3BG">exp</abbrev>-3 found on the other side of the same specimen <bold>D</bold><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E43BG">P5</abbrev>, double genital somite and following urosomites.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208597.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g019"></graphic></fig><fig id="F20" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 20.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Confocal laser scanning images. Holotype (female) (M85/3, 1164): <bold>A</bold><abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0E24BG">P1</abbrev><bold>B</bold><abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EB5BG">P2</abbrev><bold>C</bold><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EH5BG">P3</abbrev><bold>D</bold><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EN5BG">P4</abbrev>.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_208598.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-766-001-g020"></graphic></fig><table-wrap orientation="portrait" id="d36e3042" position="float"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" id="TID0ELHAG"><tbody><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exp</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enp</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EN6BG">P1</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, 1</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 1; 0, 1; I, 2, 2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0E36BG">P2</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, 2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 1; I, 2, 1</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EMAAI">P3</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, 2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 1; I, 2, 0</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E2AAI">P4</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I, 1; I, 1; II, II+1, I</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 2, 0</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p><italic><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EIBAI">P5</abbrev></italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">13E</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F19">19D</xref>). Protopod fused to supporting somite, pointing outwards. Exp with three bipinnate setae.</p><p>Male unknown.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E2BAI">P4</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0E6BAI">exp</abbrev>-3 bears two outer spines in the normal condition (formula [II, II+1, I], two females). However, in one female, <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EDCAI">P4</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0EHCAI">exp</abbrev>-3 displayed [II, II+1, I] on one side and [I, II+1, I] on other side (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F19">19C</xref>)</p><p>In the juvenile CV, segmentation and armature of <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0ERCAI">P1</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EVCAI">P4</abbrev> as in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n.</p></sec></sec></sec></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="Discussion" id="SECID0EEDAI"><title>Discussion</title><sec sec-type="Taxonomic discussion and phylogenetic position within the Aegisthidae" id="SECID0EIDAI"><title>Taxonomic discussion and phylogenetic position within the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content></title><p>According to <xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">Seifried and Schminke (2003)</xref>, the monophyly of <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content> is supported by the following female autapomorphies: 1) anal somite elongated, tapering posteriorly; 2) caudal rami more than twice as long as wide; 3) antennule of female 8-segmented; fusion of Oligoarthra segments 3 and 4; 4) antenna with allobasis or incomplete basis; 5) <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0E3DAI">enp</abbrev>-2 laterally with one spine (III) and two setae (2 + 4), spine I lacking; 6) endopod of mandible of one large segment and at least two times longer than wide; 7) proximal segment of exopod elongated, considerably longer than remaining segments and at least 3 times longer than wide; 8) epipodite of maxillule represented by two setae; 9) exopod of maxillule reduced in size with three setae; endopodal element 11 of allobasis of maxilla developed as large, strong spine inserted on posterior surface; 10) <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EAEAI">P5</abbrev> without endopodal lobe.</p><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. n. can be included within <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content> on account of the above mentioned apomorphies 5, 6, and 10. Species of <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Aegisthinae</named-content></named-content> are derived <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content> and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniopseinae</named-content></named-content> (<xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">Seifried and Schminke 2003</xref>). <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content> and <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cervinopseinae</named-content> are paraphyletic and as such, are defined by plesiomorphies. Therefore, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. n. cannot be placed within any of the subfamilies on the account of synapomorphies and its taxonomic position must be typological and on account of the close proximity to one of the taxa composing a given subfamily.</p><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. n. has an antenna with four-segmented <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0E4FAI">exp</abbrev> and could be included within both <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content> and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniopseinae</named-content></named-content>. However, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content> and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniopseinae</named-content></named-content> are to date separated according to the degree of divergence of the caudal rami (see <xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">Boxshall and Halsey 2004</xref>). Within <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniopseinae</named-content></named-content> the caudal rami are closely appressed along the entire length. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. n. is included within the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subfamily">Cerviniinae</named-content></named-content> due to the presence of a more or less divergent caudal rami. Within this subfamily, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. n. is the adelphotaxon of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniella.</named-content></named-content></italic> In <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniella</named-content></named-content></italic> the three segmented <abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0E6HAI">exp</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EDIAI">P1</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EHIAI">P4</abbrev> is absent and the limbs are much transformed as an adaptation to a burrowing life within the sediment. They share a sturdy body (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0ELIAI">sy</abbrev>), and the <abbrev xlink:title="proximal (middle, distal) segment of exopod" id="ABBRID0EPIAI">exp-1</abbrev> to 3 of <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0ETIAI">P1</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EXIAI">P3</abbrev> are heavily built, transformed into digging limbs (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0E2IAI">sy</abbrev>), with strong outer and distal spines/setae (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0E6IAI">sy</abbrev>). When in resting position, the exopodite bends against the basis on at least the <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EDJAI">P1</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EHJAI">P2</abbrev> (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0ELJAI">sy</abbrev>). They also share a 2-segmented <abbrev xlink:title="endopod" id="ABBRID0EPJAI">enp</abbrev> on the <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0ETJAI">P2</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EXJAI">P3</abbrev> (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0E2JAI">sy</abbrev>), and a reduced <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E6JAI">P5</abbrev> (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0EDKAI">sy</abbrev>).</p><p>In <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniella</named-content></named-content></italic> the whole exopod or the exopodite-2 and 3 are fused on the <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EQKAI">P1</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EUKAI">P3</abbrev> (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0EYKAI">sy</abbrev>), keeping the inner and outer armature of the original segments, the endopodite of <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0E3KAI">P1</abbrev> is never 3-segmented (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0EALAI">sy</abbrev>) and the <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EELAI">P4</abbrev> undergoes a further reduction both in segmentation and/or armature of the exopod and endopod (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0EILAI">sy</abbrev>) (viz. <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">Kihara and Martínez Arbizu 2012</xref>). The strongest armature occurs on <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EQLAI">P2</abbrev> (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0EULAI">sy</abbrev>) and <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EYLAI">P3</abbrev> (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0E3LAI">sy</abbrev>), with the <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EAMAI">P2</abbrev> somite showing a very large proximal region of weakly sclerotized cuticle. Within <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. n. the armature is more developed on the <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0ELMAI">P1</abbrev> (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0EPMAI">sy</abbrev>). They are longer and stronger on <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0ETMAI">P1</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EXMAI">P2</abbrev>; shorter yet stout on <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E2MAI">P3</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E6MAI">P4</abbrev>. The <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EDNAI">P1</abbrev>, although keeping the plesiomorphic 3-segmented exopodite and endopodite, have the outer and distal elements transformed into strong and long spines (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0EHNAI">sy</abbrev>), kept as stiff setae on <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniella</named-content></named-content></italic> (<abbrev xlink:title="plesiomorphy" id="ABBRID0ESNAI">pl</abbrev>). <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. n. has one or two strong and long spines on the inner margin of the exopodite-3 of <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E4NAI">P4</abbrev> (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0EBOAI">sy</abbrev>). The <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EFOAI">P5</abbrev>, which is fused to the somite (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0EJOAI">sy</abbrev>), is stalked and with three distal setae (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0ENOAI">sy</abbrev>). Additionally, the anal somite of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic> gen.n. is subquadratic, slightly tapering posteriorly, wider than longer (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0EYOAI">sy</abbrev>) and the caudal rami is one of the shortest yet described for this family (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0E3OAI">sy</abbrev>), with spiniform setae I to III (<abbrev xlink:title="synapomorphy" id="ABBRID0EAPAI">sy</abbrev>).</p><p>Interestingly, the same morphology of the <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EGPAI">P5</abbrev>, telson and furca is depicted by <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">Brotskaya (1963)</xref> in the deep-sea genus <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Paracerviniella</named-content></named-content></italic>. This author briefly described <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Paracerviniella</named-content></named-content></italic> based on a male specimen only, as follows: Body without outgrowths. The first thoracic somite not completely separated from the cephalothorax. Postero-lateral corners of body somites, except for the first thoracic, drawn into pointed outgrowths. The posterior edge of all somites, except the anal, armed with a number of small teeth. Furcal rami 1.5 times shorter than the anal somite, width at the base one and a half times less than the length. The first antenna six-segmented, with two enlarged basal segments; the second, third and sixth segments of the male with sausage-like sensory cylinders, the fourth segment with a hooked spine, the fifth segment with two sensory cylinders of the usual structure. Both branches of <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0E3PAI">P1</abbrev>-<abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EAQAI">P4</abbrev> triple-segmented. Endopodite of <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0EEQAI">P1</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EIQAI">P2</abbrev> with clawed spine at the distal part. <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EMQAI">P5</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="sixth pereopods" id="ABBRID0EQQAI">P6</abbrev> 1-segmented with three apical bristles.</p><p>Most of these characters are not informative enough to allow the inclusion of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Paracerviniella</named-content></named-content></italic> within any monophyletic clade within the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegisthidae</named-content></named-content>. With exception of the clawed spine present on the endopodites of <abbrev xlink:title="first pereopods" id="ABBRID0ECRAI">P1</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="second pereopod" id="ABBRID0EGRAI">P2</abbrev>, the <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EKRAI">P5</abbrev> morphology and armature and maybe body ornamentation, the remaining characters are gender-linked or plesiomorphic within the family. In addition, the illustration of some characters that could be informative, such as the mouthparts, is insufficient. Considering this and on the absence of females, we cannot address in what degree <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. n. and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniella</named-content></named-content></italic> are phylogenetically related to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Paracerviniella.</named-content></named-content></italic></p><p>The main differences in morphology of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. are summarized on Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T6">2</xref>. The somite bearing <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E5SAI">P3</abbrev> and <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0ECTAI">P4</abbrev> has latero-distal spiniform processes in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. and smooth in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n.. The antenna is armed with three stout spines on the lateral inner margin in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. and two proximal setae in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n.; the distal outer element is a spine in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. and a seta in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n., the three outer endopodal elements fused at the basis are represented by three setae in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. and two setae and a short and blunt spine in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic>. <abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0E5VAI">P4</abbrev><abbrev xlink:title="exopod" id="ABBRID0ECWAI">exp</abbrev>-3 has two long and strong spines on the inner margin in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. and one spine in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n.</p><p>The shape of the gonopores and the position of the copulatory pore as they are depicted by the <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0E5WAI">CLSM</abbrev> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">13E</xref>) revealed to be important characters for the separation of the two species. The copulatory pore is completely visible in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n., whereas it is covered by a proximal flap and pointing posteriorly in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. The depression in which the copulatory pore is inserted is less developed in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. than in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. Finally, the operculum covering the gonopores is medially depressed in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. and straight in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">H.</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n.</p><table-wrap id="T6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2.</label><caption><p>Distinctive characters of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n. and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="all" id="TID0EVOAG"><tbody><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="2"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n.</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. et sp. n.</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lateral margins of 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> pedigerous somites</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Smooth (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2A–B</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Expanded posteriorly forming hook-like projections laterally (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">12A–B</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rostrum</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tip</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rounded; with tuft of spinules along distal margin and with pair of sensilla near apex. (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2A</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Slightly bifid; with tuft of spinules along distal margin, with pair of sensilla and midventral tube-pore near apex (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">12A and C</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="antennule" id="ABBRID0EJ4AI">A1</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Segment II</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4A</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 setae + 2 missing elements (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">14A</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Segment III</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 setae + (1 seta+ ae) (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4A</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 setae + (1 seta + ae)] (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">14A</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="antenna" id="ABBRID0EZ5AI">A2</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enp medial armature</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 setae and 1 spine (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4B</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 seta and 3 spines (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">14B</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enp apical armature</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 spines, 1 seta and 3 elements fused basally (2 long setae medially unipinnate, and 1 smooth seta) (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4B</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 spines, 1 seta and 3 elements fused basally (1 bipinnate seta, 1 unipinnate seta and 1 small flattened seta) (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">14B</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exp-4</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4B</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">14B</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="mandible" id="ABBRID0E4ABI">Md</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enp</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 lateral and 6 apical setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6A</xref> (a3)).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 lateral and 7 apical setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F16">16A</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="maxillule" id="ABBRID0EZBBI">Mx1</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Arthrite</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 setae on anterior surface, 7 spines along distal margin, 4 setae on the aboral margin (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6C</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 setae on anterior surface, 7 spines and 3 setae along distal margin, 2 setae on posterior surface. (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F16">16B, C</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Coxa endite distal armature</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6C</xref>(c1 and c2)).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F16">16B</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enp incorporated to basis</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6C</xref>(c3)).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F16">16B</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exp</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6C</xref>(c4)).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F16">16B</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="maxilla" id="ABBRID0EREBI">Mx2</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enp-1 endite</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 setae, 1 spine and 1 claw-like spine (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6B</xref>(b5)).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 setae, 1 spine and 1 tube pore (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F18">18A</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enp-2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6B</xref>(b6)).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 setae and 1 spine (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F18">18A</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enp-5</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6B</xref>(b7)).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F18">18A</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="maxilliped" id="ABBRID0EVGBI">Mxp</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Syncoxal endites (proximal to distal)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 seta and 1 spine, 2 setae and 1 spine, and 1 seta and 1 spine (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6D</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 seta and 1 spine, 3 setae and 1 spine, and 2 setae and 1 spine (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F17">17D</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enp-2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 spine and 3 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6D</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 spines and 2 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F17">17D</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EFIBI">P4</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exp-3</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">II, II+1, II (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">10B</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">II, II+1, I (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F19">19B</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enp</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 2, I (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">10B</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0, 2, 0 (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F19">19B</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="third pereopod" id="ABBRID0EVJBI">P5</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exp</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 seta, 1 spine and 1 missing element (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4E</xref>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 setae (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F19">19D</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" colspan="1">Genital Field</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Copulatory pore</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Slightly covered by a proximal flap, pointing posteriorly, located in a soft median depression (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3C</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Completely visible, not covered by a proximal flap as observed for the previous species, located in a well-developed median depression (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">13E</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gonopores</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Covered by medially depressed operculum (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3C</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Covered by a straight operculum (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">13E</xref>).</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></sec><sec sec-type="CLSM vs. SEM technology" id="SECID0EXLBI"><title><abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0E3LBI">CLSM</abbrev> vs. <abbrev xlink:title="scanning electron microscopy" id="ABBRID0EAMBI">SEM</abbrev> technology</title><p>There are some important differences among the scanning microscopy systems that produce high quality imaging, especially regarding to the subsequent fate of the specimens and the resolution limits. Some image systems (e.g., <abbrev xlink:title="scanning electron microscopy" id="ABBRID0EGMBI">SEM</abbrev>) inevitably destroy type specimens; <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EKMBI">CLSM</abbrev> is highly desirable in this aspect as the studied specimen remains intact. According to <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Kamanli et al. (2017)</xref>, the images obtained by <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0ESMBI">CLSM</abbrev> are comparable in quality to <abbrev xlink:title="scanning electron microscopy" id="ABBRID0EWMBI">SEM</abbrev> at the same magnifications, and the technique offers a 3D data set. In addition, the sample preparation routine for <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0E1MBI">CLSM</abbrev> is simpler than that for <abbrev xlink:title="scanning electron microscopy" id="ABBRID0E5MBI">SEM</abbrev>, it is practically a non-destructive method, and allows the study of hydrated material. It is difficult to establish a good <abbrev xlink:title="scanning electron microscopy" id="ABBRID0ECNBI">SEM</abbrev> protocol for the study of miniaturized body parts of small macrofauna and meiofaunal specimens. Not infrequently they can be lost during manipulation, damaged before any observations are made (<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">Michels 2007</xref>), or rendered unusable and in vain even during later processes such as coating in which the structure can become over-coated. <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EKNBI">CLSM</abbrev> also allows the appendages to be manipulated within the mounting medium to offer views of the specimen from multiple angles, which can be problematical to achieve using <abbrev xlink:title="scanning electron microscopy" id="ABBRID0EONBI">SEM</abbrev> since some viewpoints may be inaccessible due to the way that the specimen is mounted and the tilt limitations in <abbrev xlink:title="scanning electron microscopy" id="ABBRID0ESNBI">SEM</abbrev> (<xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Kamanli et al. 2017</xref>). After scanning, the material can be recovered intact and kept as a voucher. An example where <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0E1NBI">CLSM</abbrev> is advantageous in the present species description is the dorsal (5B) and outer (5C) view of the same <abbrev xlink:title="antennule" id="ABBRID0E5NBI">A1</abbrev>. In addition it offers a clear view of the natural 3-dimentional state of the antenna and the exact position of overlapping <abbrev xlink:title="antennule" id="ABBRID0ECOBI">A1</abbrev> setae, an arduous task during the traditional drawings of this structure. The continuous technological advancements in the field of microscopy are reducing the resolution gap among the different technologies. The resolution of <abbrev xlink:title="scanning electron microscopy" id="ABBRID0EGOBI">SEM</abbrev> is approximately 10 nm whereas confocal microscopes have the potential to resolve microstructures in the 50 to 100 nm range (<xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">Schrader and Hell 1996</xref>). Practically, <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EOOBI">CLSM</abbrev> has reached a resolution comparable to <abbrev xlink:title="scanning electron microscopy" id="ABBRID0ESOBI">SEM</abbrev> (<xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">Butler et al. 2010</xref>). In many situations, enhancing resolution beyond this range does not result in an increase in useful biological information about the specimen (<xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">St. Croix et al. 2005</xref>). Now, even for the smallest meiofaunal larvae, this level of resolution is more than sufficient to fully capture and catalogue the most minute external details such as pore morphology or individual setal ornamentation.</p></sec><sec sec-type="The importance of digital image acquisition in taxonomy" id="SECID0E5OBI"><title>The importance of digital image acquisition in taxonomy</title><p>Recent papers have highlighted the importance of image acquisition in taxonomy (e.g., <xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">Michels 2007</xref>, <xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">Neusser et al. 2009</xref>, <xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">Neusser et al. 2011</xref>, <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Faulwetter et al. 2013</xref>, <xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">Akkari et al. 2015</xref>). <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">Garraffoni and Freitas (2017)</xref> argued that the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature should be modified to allow, in some cases, as in the study of rare or soft-bodied meiofaunal organisms, the deposit of high quality photographs and videos as Type material. This proposal has met with strong opposition among some researchers (<xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">Dubois 2017</xref>, <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Rogers et al. 2017</xref>). The evolution of optical systems has led to the exponential increase in the use of high quality imaging systems in all fields of biology, including taxonomy. Our opinion in this debate is that the image quality obtained by scanning through either <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EEQBI">CLSM</abbrev>, <abbrev xlink:title="scanning electron microscopy" id="ABBRID0EIQBI">SEM</abbrev> or Micro CT is so high, that we should consider how viable it is to designate a photomicrography as Type material. Although this may sound provocative, we must consider that a well-curated image lasts potentially forever, whereas the type specimen, especially when we take into account small macrofauna and meiofaunal groups, may deteriorate fast during study or even when mounted on “permanent” slides, those have a half-life of only few decades or centuries. Diminution of trained museum staff to maintain collections only exacerbates this problem and highlights the need to seek alternative solutions to record and study taxonomically the world’s biodiversity (<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">Decker et al. 2018</xref>). Hence, the use of <abbrev xlink:title="Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy" id="ABBRID0EQQBI">CLSM</abbrev> and other high quality image acquiring systems should be considered not only as complimentary evidence to a taxonomical study. In some cases, the images generated should be also considered if not the type alone, at least part of the type series.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="Conclusions" id="SECID0EUQBI"><title>Conclusions</title><p>This contribution highlights the diversity of exquisite bauplans in deep-sea copepods and the broad distribution of a meiobenthic crustacean genus in the Atlantic Ocean basins. Additionally, it is a showcase on how confocal microscopy can assist in providing a better and more accurate description of small macrofaunal and meiofaunal organisms. We favour the inclusion of digital media at least as a component of the type series and we encourage the discussion for setting standards for such data. Additional studies and sampling effort must be continued to find the male of the genus <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></named-content></italic> gen. n. to improve comparisons with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Paracerviniella</named-content></named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cerviniella.</named-content></named-content></italic></p></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material"><title>Supplementary Material</title><supplementary-material id="zookeys.766.23899-treatment1" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.766.23899-treatment1.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.766.23899-treatment2" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lagomorphicus</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.766.23899-treatment2.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.766.23899-treatment3" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Hase</named-content><named-content content-type="species">talpamorphicus</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.766.23899-treatment3.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material></sec></body><back><ack><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>We are indebted to the Census of Abyssal Marine Life CeDAMar, which financially supported the senior author with a postdoctoral fellowship program for the study of deep-sea harpacticoids from 2007 to 2009. CeDAMar received financial support from the Alfred Sloan Foundation as a Census of Marine Life project. The cruises which sampled the species described in this study were financed by the German Research Foundation (DFG). We are indebted to the technical staff of DZMB for sorting the samples and to our secretary Ms. Christa Dohn for her outstanding work and care with Senckenberg guest scientists. We are also indebted to Prof. Dr. Wonchoel Lee, the editor of Zookeys Prof. Danielle Defaye and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments. 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