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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Changes in air quality during the lockdown in Barcelona (Spain) one month into the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic</title><author><name sortKey="Tobias, Aurelio" sort="Tobias, Aurelio" uniqKey="Tobias A" first="Aurelio" last="Tobías">Aurelio Tobías</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carnerero, Cristina" sort="Carnerero, Cristina" uniqKey="Carnerero C" first="Cristina" last="Carnerero">Cristina Carnerero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reche, Cristina" sort="Reche, Cristina" uniqKey="Reche C" first="Cristina" last="Reche">Cristina Reche</name></author><author><name sortKey="Massague, Jordi" sort="Massague, Jordi" uniqKey="Massague J" first="Jordi" last="Massagué">Jordi Massagué</name></author><author><name sortKey="Via, Marta" sort="Via, Marta" uniqKey="Via M" first="Marta" last="Via">Marta Via</name></author><author><name sortKey="Minguill N, Maria Cruz" sort="Minguill N, Maria Cruz" uniqKey="Minguill N M" first="María Cruz" last="Minguill N">María Cruz Minguill N</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alastuey, Andres" sort="Alastuey, Andres" uniqKey="Alastuey A" first="Andrés" last="Alastuey">Andrés Alastuey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Querol, Xavier" sort="Querol, Xavier" uniqKey="Querol X" first="Xavier" last="Querol">Xavier Querol</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32302810</idno><idno type="pmc">7151283</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151283</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7151283</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138540</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001467</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001467</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Changes in air quality during the lockdown in Barcelona (Spain) one month into the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic</title><author><name sortKey="Tobias, Aurelio" sort="Tobias, Aurelio" uniqKey="Tobias A" first="Aurelio" last="Tobías">Aurelio Tobías</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carnerero, Cristina" sort="Carnerero, Cristina" uniqKey="Carnerero C" first="Cristina" last="Carnerero">Cristina Carnerero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reche, Cristina" sort="Reche, Cristina" uniqKey="Reche C" first="Cristina" last="Reche">Cristina Reche</name></author><author><name sortKey="Massague, Jordi" sort="Massague, Jordi" uniqKey="Massague J" first="Jordi" last="Massagué">Jordi Massagué</name></author><author><name sortKey="Via, Marta" sort="Via, Marta" uniqKey="Via M" first="Marta" last="Via">Marta Via</name></author><author><name sortKey="Minguill N, Maria Cruz" sort="Minguill N, Maria Cruz" uniqKey="Minguill N M" first="María Cruz" last="Minguill N">María Cruz Minguill N</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alastuey, Andres" sort="Alastuey, Andres" uniqKey="Alastuey A" first="Andrés" last="Alastuey">Andrés Alastuey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Querol, Xavier" sort="Querol, Xavier" uniqKey="Querol X" first="Xavier" last="Querol">Xavier Querol</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Science of the Total Environment</title><idno type="ISSN">0048-9697</idno><idno type="eISSN">1879-1026</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Lockdown measures came into force in Spain from March 14th, two weeks after the start of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, to reduce the epidemic curve. Our study aims to describe changes in air pollution levels during the lockdown measures in the city of Barcelona (NE Spain), by studying the time evolution of atmospheric pollutants recorded at the urban background and traffic air quality monitoring stations. After two weeks of lockdown, urban air pollution markedly decreased but with substantial differences among pollutants. The most significant reduction was estimated for BC and NO2 (−45 to −51%), pollutants mainly related to traffic emissions. A lower reduction was observed for PM10 (−28 to −31.0%). By contrast, O<sub>3</sub> levels increased (+33 to +57% of the 8 h daily maxima), probably due to lower titration of O<sub>3</sub> by NO and the decrease of NOx in a VOC-limited environment. Relevant differences in the meteorology of these two periods were also evidenced. The low reduction for PM10 is probably related to a significant regional contribution and the prevailing secondary origin of fine aerosols, but an in-depth evaluation has to be carried out to interpret this lower decrease. There is no defined trend for the low SO<sub>2</sub> levels, probably due to the preferential reduction in emissions from the least polluting ships. A reduction of most pollutants to minimal concentrations are expected for the forthcoming weeks because of the more restrictive actions implemented for a total lockdown, which entered into force on March 30th. There are still open questions on why PM10 levels were much less reduced than BC and NO<sub>2</sub> and on what is the proportion of the abatement of pollution directly related to the lockdown, without meteorological interferences.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci Total Environ</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci. Total Environ</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Science of the Total Environment</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0048-9697</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1879-1026</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Published by Elsevier B.V.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32302810</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7151283</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0048-9697(20)32053-2</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138540</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">138540</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Changes in air quality during the lockdown in Barcelona (Spain) one month into the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0005"><name><surname>Tobías</surname><given-names>Aurelio</given-names></name><email>aurelio.tobias@idaea.csic.es</email><xref rid="cr0005" ref-type="corresp">⁎</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0010"><name><surname>Carnerero</surname><given-names>Cristina</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0015"><name><surname>Reche</surname><given-names>Cristina</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0020"><name><surname>Massagué</surname><given-names>Jordi</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0025"><name><surname>Via</surname><given-names>Marta</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0030"><name><surname>Minguillón</surname><given-names>María Cruz</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0035"><name><surname>Alastuey</surname><given-names>Andrés</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0040"><name><surname>Querol</surname><given-names>Xavier</given-names></name><email>xavier.querol@idaea.csic.es</email><xref rid="cr0005" ref-type="corresp">⁎</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af0005">Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cr0005"><label>⁎</label>Corresponding authors at: IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. <email>aurelio.tobias@idaea.csic.es</email><email>xavier.querol@idaea.csic.es</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>11</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><elocation-id>138540</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>5</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>5</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder></copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="ab0005"><p>Lockdown measures came into force in Spain from March 14th, two weeks after the start of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, to reduce the epidemic curve. Our study aims to describe changes in air pollution levels during the lockdown measures in the city of Barcelona (NE Spain), by studying the time evolution of atmospheric pollutants recorded at the urban background and traffic air quality monitoring stations. After two weeks of lockdown, urban air pollution markedly decreased but with substantial differences among pollutants. The most significant reduction was estimated for BC and NO2 (−45 to −51%), pollutants mainly related to traffic emissions. A lower reduction was observed for PM10 (−28 to −31.0%). By contrast, O<sub>3</sub> levels increased (+33 to +57% of the 8 h daily maxima), probably due to lower titration of O<sub>3</sub> by NO and the decrease of NOx in a VOC-limited environment. Relevant differences in the meteorology of these two periods were also evidenced. The low reduction for PM10 is probably related to a significant regional contribution and the prevailing secondary origin of fine aerosols, but an in-depth evaluation has to be carried out to interpret this lower decrease. There is no defined trend for the low SO<sub>2</sub> levels, probably due to the preferential reduction in emissions from the least polluting ships. A reduction of most pollutants to minimal concentrations are expected for the forthcoming weeks because of the more restrictive actions implemented for a total lockdown, which entered into force on March 30th. There are still open questions on why PM10 levels were much less reduced than BC and NO<sub>2</sub> and on what is the proportion of the abatement of pollution directly related to the lockdown, without meteorological interferences.</p></abstract><abstract abstract-type="graphical" id="ab0010"><title>Graphical abstract</title><p><fig id="f0015" position="anchor"><alt-text id="al0020">Unlabelled Image</alt-text><graphic xlink:href="ga1_lrg"></graphic></fig></p></abstract><abstract abstract-type="author-highlights" id="ab0015"><title>Highlights</title><p><list list-type="simple" id="l0005"><list-item id="li0005"><label>•</label><p id="p0005">NO<sub>2</sub> and BC concentrations were reduced by half during the lockdown (more windy and wet) period.</p></list-item><list-item id="li0010"><label>•</label><p id="p0010">PM10 decreased but in a much lower proportion, causes for the lower abatement are still unknown</p></list-item><list-item id="li0015"><label>•</label><p id="p0015">O<sub>3</sub> concentrations increased by around 50%</p></list-item></list></p></abstract><kwd-group id="ks0005"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Particulate matter</kwd><kwd>NO<sub>2</sub></kwd><kwd>SO<sub>2</sub></kwd><kwd>Ozone</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>Lockdown</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta><notes><p id="mi0005">Editor: Damia Barcelo</p></notes></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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