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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance</title><author><name sortKey="George, Dylan B" sort="George, Dylan B" uniqKey="George D" first="Dylan B." last="George">Dylan B. George</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Biology,<institution>Colorado State University</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80523;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Fogarty International Center,<institution>National Institutes of Health</institution>, Bethesda, MD 20892;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webb, Colleen T" sort="Webb, Colleen T" uniqKey="Webb C" first="Colleen T." last="Webb">Colleen T. Webb</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Biology,<institution>Colorado State University</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80523;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farnsworth, Matthew L" sort="Farnsworth, Matthew L" uniqKey="Farnsworth M" first="Matthew L." last="Farnsworth">Matthew L. Farnsworth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Biomedical Sciences,<institution>Colorado State University</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80523;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Shea, Thomas J" sort="O Shea, Thomas J" uniqKey="O Shea T" first="Thomas J." last="O'Shea">Thomas J. O'Shea</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">US Geological Survey,<institution>Fort Collins Science Center</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80526;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bowen, Richard A" sort="Bowen, Richard A" uniqKey="Bowen R" first="Richard A." last="Bowen">Richard A. Bowen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Biomedical Sciences,<institution>Colorado State University</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80523;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, David L" sort="Smith, David L" uniqKey="Smith D" first="David L." last="Smith">David L. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff5">Department of Biology and Emerging Pathogens Institute,<institution>University of Florida</institution>, Gainesville, FL 32610</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stanley, Thomas R" sort="Stanley, Thomas R" uniqKey="Stanley T" first="Thomas R." last="Stanley">Thomas R. Stanley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">US Geological Survey,<institution>Fort Collins Science Center</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80526;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellison, Laura E" sort="Ellison, Laura E" uniqKey="Ellison L" first="Laura E." last="Ellison">Laura E. Ellison</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">US Geological Survey,<institution>Fort Collins Science Center</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80526;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rupprecht, Charles E" sort="Rupprecht, Charles E" uniqKey="Rupprecht C" first="Charles E." last="Rupprecht">Charles E. Rupprecht</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</institution>, Atlanta, GA 30333</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21646516</idno><idno type="pmc">3121824</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3121824</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3121824</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1010875108</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000D16</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000D16</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance</title><author><name sortKey="George, Dylan B" sort="George, Dylan B" uniqKey="George D" first="Dylan B." last="George">Dylan B. George</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Biology,<institution>Colorado State University</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80523;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Fogarty International Center,<institution>National Institutes of Health</institution>, Bethesda, MD 20892;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webb, Colleen T" sort="Webb, Colleen T" uniqKey="Webb C" first="Colleen T." last="Webb">Colleen T. Webb</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Biology,<institution>Colorado State University</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80523;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farnsworth, Matthew L" sort="Farnsworth, Matthew L" uniqKey="Farnsworth M" first="Matthew L." last="Farnsworth">Matthew L. Farnsworth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Biomedical Sciences,<institution>Colorado State University</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80523;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Shea, Thomas J" sort="O Shea, Thomas J" uniqKey="O Shea T" first="Thomas J." last="O'Shea">Thomas J. O'Shea</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">US Geological Survey,<institution>Fort Collins Science Center</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80526;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bowen, Richard A" sort="Bowen, Richard A" uniqKey="Bowen R" first="Richard A." last="Bowen">Richard A. Bowen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Biomedical Sciences,<institution>Colorado State University</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80523;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, David L" sort="Smith, David L" uniqKey="Smith D" first="David L." last="Smith">David L. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff5">Department of Biology and Emerging Pathogens Institute,<institution>University of Florida</institution>, Gainesville, FL 32610</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stanley, Thomas R" sort="Stanley, Thomas R" uniqKey="Stanley T" first="Thomas R." last="Stanley">Thomas R. Stanley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">US Geological Survey,<institution>Fort Collins Science Center</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80526;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellison, Laura E" sort="Ellison, Laura E" uniqKey="Ellison L" first="Laura E." last="Ellison">Laura E. Ellison</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">US Geological Survey,<institution>Fort Collins Science Center</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80526;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rupprecht, Charles E" sort="Rupprecht, Charles E" uniqKey="Rupprecht C" first="Charles E." last="Rupprecht">Charles E. Rupprecht</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</institution>, Atlanta, GA 30333</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Rabies is an acute viral infection that is typically fatal. Most rabies modeling has focused on disease dynamics and control within terrestrial mammals (e.g., raccoons and foxes). As such, rabies in bats has been largely neglected until recently. Because bats have been implicated as natural reservoirs for several emerging zoonotic viruses, including SARS-like corona viruses, henipaviruses, and lyssaviruses, understanding how pathogens are maintained within a population becomes vital. Unfortunately, little is known about maintenance mechanisms for any pathogen in bat populations. We present a mathematical model parameterized with unique data from an extensive study of rabies in a Colorado population of big brown bats (<italic>Eptesicus fuscus</italic>) to elucidate general maintenance mechanisms. We propose that life history patterns of many species of temperate-zone bats, coupled with sufficiently long incubation periods, allows for rabies virus maintenance. Seasonal variability in bat mortality rates, specifically low mortality during hibernation, allows long-term bat population viability. Within viable bat populations, sufficiently long incubation periods allow enough infected individuals to enter hibernation and survive until the following year, and hence avoid an epizootic fadeout of rabies virus. We hypothesize that the slowing effects of hibernation on metabolic and viral activity maintains infected individuals and their pathogens until susceptibles from the annual birth pulse become infected and continue the cycle. This research provides a context to explore similar host ecology and viral dynamics that may explain seasonal patterns and maintenance of other bat-borne diseases.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21646516</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3121824</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201010875</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1010875108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Ecology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>George</surname><given-names>Dylan B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Webb</surname><given-names>Colleen T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Farnsworth</surname><given-names>Matthew L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>O'Shea</surname><given-names>Thomas J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bowen</surname><given-names>Richard A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>David L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stanley</surname><given-names>Thomas R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ellison</surname><given-names>Laura E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rupprecht</surname><given-names>Charles E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>Department of Biology,<institution>Colorado State University</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80523;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>Fogarty International Center,<institution>National Institutes of Health</institution>, Bethesda, MD 20892;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup>Department of Biomedical Sciences,<institution>Colorado State University</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80523;</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>d</sup>US Geological Survey,<institution>Fort Collins Science Center</institution>, Fort Collins, CO 80526;</aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>e</sup>Department of Biology and Emerging Pathogens Institute,<institution>University of Florida</institution>, Gainesville, FL 32610; and</aff><aff id="aff6"><sup>f</sup><institution>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</institution>, Atlanta, GA 30333</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>1</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>dylangeorge@gmail.com</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by Burton H. Singer, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, and approved May 4, 2011 (received for review August 3, 2010)</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: D.B.G., C.T.W., M.L.F., and T.J.O. designed research; D.B.G. and M.L.F. performed research; D.B.G., M.L.F., R.A.B., D.L.S., T.R.S., L.E.E., and C.E.R. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; D.B.G. analyzed data; and D.B.G., C.T.W., M.L.F., and T.J.O. wrote the paper.</p></fn><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>21</day><month>6</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>6</day><month>6</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>108</volume><issue>25</issue><fpage>10208</fpage><lpage>10213</lpage><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pnas.201010875.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>Rabies is an acute viral infection that is typically fatal. Most rabies modeling has focused on disease dynamics and control within terrestrial mammals (e.g., raccoons and foxes). As such, rabies in bats has been largely neglected until recently. Because bats have been implicated as natural reservoirs for several emerging zoonotic viruses, including SARS-like corona viruses, henipaviruses, and lyssaviruses, understanding how pathogens are maintained within a population becomes vital. Unfortunately, little is known about maintenance mechanisms for any pathogen in bat populations. We present a mathematical model parameterized with unique data from an extensive study of rabies in a Colorado population of big brown bats (<italic>Eptesicus fuscus</italic>) to elucidate general maintenance mechanisms. We propose that life history patterns of many species of temperate-zone bats, coupled with sufficiently long incubation periods, allows for rabies virus maintenance. Seasonal variability in bat mortality rates, specifically low mortality during hibernation, allows long-term bat population viability. Within viable bat populations, sufficiently long incubation periods allow enough infected individuals to enter hibernation and survive until the following year, and hence avoid an epizootic fadeout of rabies virus. We hypothesize that the slowing effects of hibernation on metabolic and viral activity maintains infected individuals and their pathogens until susceptibles from the annual birth pulse become infected and continue the cycle. This research provides a context to explore similar host ecology and viral dynamics that may explain seasonal patterns and maintenance of other bat-borne diseases.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>chiroptera</kwd><kwd>pathogen persistence</kwd><kwd>torpor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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