Comparison of clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as experienced in Taiwan
Identifieur interne : 000B31 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000B30; suivant : 000B32Comparison of clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as experienced in Taiwan
Auteurs : Yu-Jang SuSource :
- Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease [ 1477-8939 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
From our data, we know 2019-nCoV invades more common in male, not likely the SARS that is female predominant. The 2019-nCoV patients are around 20 years older than the population of SARS. Young adults are susceptible to SARS than the children and elderly. Hypoalbuminemia are noted in SARS patients, it needs a longer time to study whether the 2019-nCoV possesses the same presentation.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101625
PubMed: 32184131
PubMed Central: 7154506
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Comparison of clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as experienced in Taiwan</title><author><name sortKey="Su, Yu Jang" sort="Su, Yu Jang" uniqKey="Su Y" first="Yu-Jang" last="Su">Yu-Jang Su</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32184131</idno><idno type="pmc">7154506</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7154506</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7154506</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101625</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000B31</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000B31</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Comparison of clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as experienced in Taiwan</title><author><name sortKey="Su, Yu Jang" sort="Su, Yu Jang" uniqKey="Su Y" first="Yu-Jang" last="Su">Yu-Jang Su</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease</title><idno type="ISSN">1477-8939</idno><idno type="eISSN">1873-0442</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Highlights</title><p><list list-type="simple" id="ulist0010"><list-item id="u0010"><label>•</label><p id="p0010">From our data, we know 2019-nCoV invades more common in male, not likely the SARS that is female predominant.</p></list-item><list-item id="u0015"><label>•</label><p id="p0015">The 2019-nCoV patients are around 20 years older than the population of SARS. Young adults are susceptible to SARS than the children and elderly.</p></list-item><list-item id="u0020"><label>•</label><p id="p0020">Hypoalbuminemia are noted in SARS patients, it needs a longer time to study whether the 2019-nCoV possesses the same presentation.</p></list-item></list></p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Who" uniqKey="Who">WHO</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="World Health Organization" uniqKey="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, Q" uniqKey="Li Q">Q. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guan, X" uniqKey="Guan X">X. Guan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, P" uniqKey="Wu P">P. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, X" uniqKey="Wang X">X. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, L" uniqKey="Zhou L">L. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tong, Y" uniqKey="Tong Y">Y. Tong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huang, C" uniqKey="Huang C">C. Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, X" uniqKey="Li X">X. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, L" uniqKey="Ren L">L. Ren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J" uniqKey="Zhao J">J. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Y" uniqKey="Hu Y">Y. Hu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, W" uniqKey="Wang W">W. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, J" uniqKey="Tang J">J. Tang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wei, F" uniqKey="Wei F">F. Wei</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leung, G M" uniqKey="Leung G">G.M. Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hedley, A J" uniqKey="Hedley A">A.J. Hedley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, L M" uniqKey="Ho L">L.M. Ho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chau, P" uniqKey="Chau P">P. Chau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, I O L" uniqKey="Wong I">I.O.L. Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thach, T Q" uniqKey="Thach T">T.Q. Thach</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="letter"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Travel Med Infect Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Travel Med Infect Dis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1477-8939</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1873-0442</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32184131</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7154506</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S1477-8939(20)30093-4</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101625</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">101625</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Comparison of clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as experienced in Taiwan</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au1"><name><surname>Su</surname><given-names>Yu-Jang</given-names></name><email>yjsu.5885@mmh.org.tw</email><xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">∗</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1">Poison Centre, Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan</aff><aff id="aff2">Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan</aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au2"><name><surname>Lai</surname><given-names>Yen-Chun</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff3">Department of Anaesthesiology, Musoon Women's Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author. No. 92, Sec 2, North Chung Shan Rd, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan. <email>yjsu.5885@mmh.org.tw</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>14</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><elocation-id>101625</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>18</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>5</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>12</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Elsevier Ltd</copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract abstract-type="author-highlights" id="abs0010"><title>Highlights</title><p><list list-type="simple" id="ulist0010"><list-item id="u0010"><label>•</label><p id="p0010">From our data, we know 2019-nCoV invades more common in male, not likely the SARS that is female predominant.</p></list-item><list-item id="u0015"><label>•</label><p id="p0015">The 2019-nCoV patients are around 20 years older than the population of SARS. Young adults are susceptible to SARS than the children and elderly.</p></list-item><list-item id="u0020"><label>•</label><p id="p0020">Hypoalbuminemia are noted in SARS patients, it needs a longer time to study whether the 2019-nCoV possesses the same presentation.</p></list-item></list></p></abstract><kwd-group id="kwrds0010"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>Epidemiology</kwd><kwd>Mortality</kwd><kwd>Symptoms</kwd><kwd>Laboratory characteristics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><p content-type="salutation">Dear Editor:</p><p id="p0025">Several cases of new atypical pneumonia were reported since Dec 8, 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. A novel beta-coronavirus was identified by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention from the throat swab sample of a patient, that was subsequently named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on 11 February 2020 [<xref rid="bib1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]. Prior to this only two mutant strains of coronaviruses have caused outbreaks of severe acute respiratory disease worldwide; one is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), in 2003, while the other is the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), in 2012.</p><p id="p0030">We analysed the clinical picture of the first ten coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Taiwan till 31 January 2020, and compared them to SARS in terms of epidemiology, symptoms, laboratory characteristics, and outcome.</p><p id="p0035">During the SARS outbreak from 25 April-19 May 2003, 50 patients visited our emergency department [<xref rid="bib2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>], 21 with suspected SARS, and 29 with probable SARS (33 women, 17 men). The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 90 years, with a mean age of 36.6 years, which was around 20 years younger than the patients with COVID-19.</p><p id="p0040">Women were more susceptible to SARS (M: F = 0.52: 1), unlike the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. (M: F = 1.3: 1) [<xref rid="bib3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]. The gender and age relationship between COVID-19 and SARS is shown in <xref rid="fig1" ref-type="fig">Fig. 1</xref>.<fig id="fig1"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Gender and age relationship in COVID-19, SARS cases.</p></caption><alt-text id="alttext0010">Fig. 1</alt-text><graphic xlink:href="gr1_lrg"></graphic></fig></p><p id="p0045">In a previous report, among 425 patients with novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia, the median age was 59 years, and 56% were male [<xref rid="bib3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]. In another report from China, as of 24 January 2020, among the hospitalised COVID-19 patients, 73% were male and the median age was 49 years; 32% had underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases [<xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>].</p><p id="p0050">The first ten SARS-CoV-2 infected patients from Taiwan (7 females and 3 males) were isolated and treated in negative pressure single room. The median duration from initial symptoms to confirmed diagnosis was 4.2 ± 2.9 days. The most common symptoms were cough (60%), fever (50%), flu symptoms (40%), rhinorrhoea (30%), and infiltrations in chest X rays (30%); less common symptoms were muscle ache (10%), sore throat (10%), and shortness of breath (10%). Half the patients had mild flu-like symptoms, possibly because of the lower viral load in the environment.</p><p id="p0055">Hypoalbuminemia in probable SARS cases reaches statistical significance, and can be utilised with reverse A/G ratio to distinguish SARS patients earlier (<xref rid="tbl1" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>). There are no reports yet to prove an association between COVID-19 and hypoalbuminemia.<table-wrap position="float" id="tbl1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Hypoalbuminemia is noted in probable SARS patients with significant statistical difference.</p></caption><alt-text id="alttext0015">Table 1</alt-text><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th></th><th>Probable SARS (29 cases)</th><th>Suspect SARS (21 cases)</th><th>All</th><th>P value, 2 -tailed</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><italic>Age (years old)</italic></td><td align="left">35.9 ± 13.4</td><td align="left">20.0 ± 4.4</td><td align="left">36.6 ± 16.3</td><td align="left">0.208</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><italic>Albumin (gm/dL)</italic></td><td align="left">3.2 ± 0.7</td><td align="left">3.6 ± 0.4</td><td align="left">3.33 ± 0.6</td><td align="left">0.037*</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><italic>A/G ratio</italic></td><td align="left">1.1 ± 0.3</td><td align="left">1.2 ± 0.2</td><td align="left">1.1 ± 0.2</td><td align="left">0.389</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>(* indicates p < .05).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></p><p id="p0060">The epidemic situation of COVID-19 is rapidly changing with each passing day. Until 31 January 2020, the mortality rate for hospitalised COVID-19 patients was approaching 14–15% [<xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>]. A report dated 25 January 2020 described the median age in mortality cases as 75 years. Fever and cough were the common symptoms in deaths [<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>]. The estimated case fatality rate of SARS was 17.2%, which was slightly higher than that in COVID-19 (14–15%) [<xref rid="bib6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>].</p><p id="p0065">From our data we know that COVID-19 affects males more, unlike SARS, which is predominant in females. The COVID-19 patients are around 20 years older than the patients with SARS. Young adults are more susceptible to SARS than children and the elderly. Reverse A/G ratio and hypoalbuminemia are noted in SARS patients. Overall, a longer observation period is needed to study the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.</p><sec id="sec1"><title>Funding</title><p id="p0070">This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.</p></sec><sec sec-type="COI-statement"><title>Declaration of competing interest</title><p id="p0075">The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list id="cebib0010"><title>References</title><ref id="bib1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="other" id="sref1"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>WHO</surname></name></person-group><article-title>Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance</article-title><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" 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person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Leung</surname><given-names>G.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hedley</surname><given-names>A.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ho</surname><given-names>L.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chau</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>I.O.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Thach</surname><given-names>T.Q.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome in the 2003 Hong Kong epidemic: an analysis of all 1755 patients</article-title><source>Ann Intern Med</source><volume>141</volume><issue>9</issue><year>2004</year><fpage>662</fpage><lpage>673</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15520422</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list><ack id="ack0010"><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>We thank staffs in MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, all medical staff in Taiwan and around the world for fighting against SARS in 2003 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