Infectious diseases in China in the post-SARS era
Identifieur interne : 000A00 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000999; suivant : 000A01Infectious diseases in China in the post-SARS era
Auteurs : Katherine B. Gibney ; Robert HallSource :
- The Lancet. Infectious Diseases [ 1473-3099 ] ; 2017.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30168-8
PubMed: 28412151
PubMed Central: 7128671
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Infectious diseases in China in the post-SARS era</title><author><name sortKey="Gibney, Katherine B" sort="Gibney, Katherine B" uniqKey="Gibney K" first="Katherine B" last="Gibney">Katherine B. Gibney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne and the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Robert" sort="Hall, Robert" uniqKey="Hall R" first="Robert" last="Hall">Robert Hall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28412151</idno><idno type="pmc">7128671</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7128671</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7128671</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30168-8</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000A00</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000A00</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Infectious diseases in China in the post-SARS era</title><author><name sortKey="Gibney, Katherine B" sort="Gibney, Katherine B" uniqKey="Gibney K" first="Katherine B" last="Gibney">Katherine B. Gibney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne and the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Robert" sort="Hall, Robert" uniqKey="Hall R" first="Robert" last="Hall">Robert Hall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Lancet. Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">1473-3099</idno><idno type="eISSN">1474-4457</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, S" uniqKey="Yang S">S Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, J" uniqKey="Wu J">J Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ding, C" uniqKey="Ding C">C Ding</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, L" uniqKey="Lee L">L Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thacker, S" uniqKey="Thacker S">S Thacker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, L" uniqKey="Wang L">L Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, S" uniqKey="Jin S">S Jin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wei, P" uniqKey="Wei P">P Wei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, Z" uniqKey="Cai Z">Z Cai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hua, J" uniqKey="Hua J">J Hua</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gibbons, Cl" uniqKey="Gibbons C">CL Gibbons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mangen, M Jj" uniqKey="Mangen M">M-JJ Mangen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plass, D" uniqKey="Plass D">D Plass</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liang, X" uniqKey="Liang X">X Liang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bi, S" uniqKey="Bi S">S Bi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, W" uniqKey="Yang W">W Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Henderson, Da" uniqKey="Henderson D">DA Henderson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="discussion"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Lancet Infect Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Lancet Infect Dis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Lancet. Infectious Diseases</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1473-3099</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1474-4457</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28412151</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7128671</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S1473-3099(17)30168-8</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30168-8</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Infectious diseases in China in the post-SARS era</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au10"><name><surname>Gibney</surname><given-names>Katherine B</given-names></name><email>katherine.gibney@unimelb.edu.au</email><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au20"><name><surname>Hall</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne and the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia</aff><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>12</day><month>4</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>7</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>4</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>675</fpage><lpage>676</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Elsevier Ltd</copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions><related-article related-article-type="article-reference" id="d32e265" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30227-X"></related-article></article-meta></front><body><p id="para10">The epidemiology and comparative burden of communicable diseases determines which diseases warrant public health resources and intervention. In a country as large as China, identification of the communicable diseases causing the greatest burden and the population groups most affected by specific diseases is a massive, and very important, undertaking. In <italic>The Lancet Infectious Diseases</italic>, Shigui Yang and colleagues report surveillance data for communicable diseases in China over a 10-year period (2004–13), covering a population of 1·3 billion people and incorporating nearly 55 million notified cases of 45 infectious diseases.<xref rid="bib1" ref-type="bibr"><sup>1</sup></xref></p><p id="para20">Public health surveillance—the so-called cornerstone of public health—has been defined as “the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data needed for the planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practice”.<xref rid="bib2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>, <xref rid="bib3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> The 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic exposed substantial weaknesses in China's national public health surveillance system, which was established in the 1950s. SARS emerged from Guangdong province in southern China, resulting in 5327 cases and 348 deaths in mainland China and an estimated loss of US$25·3 billion to China's economy.<xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>, <xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref> In response, China overhauled its approach to public health surveillance and control, with substantial legislative changes, a ten-fold increase in public health funding from 2003 to 2012, and establishment of the largest web-based communicable diseases reporting system in the world.<xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>, <xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref> Another key feature of surveillance systems is data availability; the data analysed by Yang and colleagues were available publicly from the Public Health Science Data Center of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and from the official website of the National Health and Family Planning Commission.<xref rid="bib1" ref-type="bibr"><sup>1</sup></xref> A review of notification data in China is timely in this new era of infectious diseases surveillance and publicly available data.</p><p id="para30">Yang and colleagues identified the infectious diseases that warrant public health attention in China, including those with the highest notification incidence (hand, foot, and mouth disease, hepatitis B, and tuberculosis, which together made up two-thirds of all notifications); those with the highest case-fatality ratio (rabies); and infectious diseases with the most rapidly increasing notification incidence (hydatid disease, hepatitis C, and syphilis). Not surprisingly, the highest overall notification incidence was among children younger than 10 years, whereas case-fatality ratios increased with age. Males had higher notification incidence and case fatality ratios than did females, indicating a need to target men in preventive and control activities. Wang and colleagues' analyses of seasonality for each of the 45 infectious diseases and notification incidence by province can be used to inform targeted public health interventions by location and season.</p><p id="para40">We all recognise that surveillance data are incomplete and imperfect. Case ascertainment—the proportion of all incident symptomatic cases captured by the surveillance system—varies by disease, location, time, age, and sex.<xref rid="bib6" ref-type="bibr"><sup>6</sup></xref> Improved case ascertainment could account for some of the noted increase in overall notification incidence (on average, 6·2% per year from 2004 to 2008 and 2·3% per year from 2009 to 2013),<xref rid="bib1" ref-type="bibr"><sup>1</sup></xref> including improvements in the surveillance system and notification process early in the study period. Importantly, 20 infectious diseases, including several vaccine-preventable diseases, showed significantly decreasing incidence over the study period, adding to substantial reductions reported in China from 1970 to 2007.<xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr"><sup>4</sup></xref> China is participating in the WHO Western Pacific Region goals for polio and measles elimination and hepatitis B control and has made tremendous progress towards these goals. 20 cases of polio were reported among 1·3 billion people over a decade, and incidence is now zero.<xref rid="bib1" ref-type="bibr"><sup>1</sup></xref> The prevalence of hepatitis B among young children has declined strikingly, with China achieving the WHO regional target of less than 1% HBsAg seropositivity among children younger than 5 years before the target date.<xref rid="bib7" ref-type="bibr"><sup>7</sup></xref> As these children reach adulthood, there will be a profound fall in hepatitis B incidence and associated disease burden. Surveillance data for measles show similar progress but at subnational scales. Measles incidence has declined for age groups in which people have been vaccinated since the elimination goal was declared.<xref rid="bib8" ref-type="bibr"><sup>8</sup></xref></p><p id="para50">To determine the extent of under-ascertainment and bias within the data analysed by Yang and colleagues is impossible. However, the function of surveillance—to inform public health action—can be met by imperfect data.<xref rid="bib9" ref-type="bibr"><sup>9</sup></xref> The longitudinal analysis of 10 years of national surveillance data represents a comprehensive picture of the epidemiology of nationally notifiable diseases in modern China. The findings should be used by public health decision makers—both provincial and national—to prioritise diseases and populations for public health action.</p><p id="para60"><fig id="f10"><graphic xlink:href="fx1_lrg"></graphic><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2017 A Crump, TDR, WHO/Science Photo Library</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions></fig></p></body><back><ref-list id="bibl10"><title>References</title><ref id="bib1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref10"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Ding</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Epidemiological features of and changes in incidence of infectious diseases in China in the first decade after the SARS outbreak: an observational trend study</article-title><source>Lancet Infect Dis</source><year>2017</year><comment>published online April 12.</comment><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30227-X</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" 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China's experiences with emerging epidemics: from SARS to H7N9</article-title><source>BioMed Research Int</source><volume>2016</volume><year>2016</year><fpage>5717108</fpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib6"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref60"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gibbons</surname><given-names>CL</given-names></name><name><surname>Mangen</surname><given-names>M-JJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Plass</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Measuring underreporting and under-ascertainment in infectious disease datasets: a comparison of methods</article-title><source>BMC Public Health</source><volume>14</volume><year>2014</year><fpage>147</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24517715</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib7"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref70"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Liang</surname><given-names>X</given-names></name><name><surname>Bi</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Epidemiological serosurvey of hepatitis B in China: declining HBV prevalence due to hepatitis B vaccination</article-title><source>Vaccine</source><volume>27</volume><year>2009</year><fpage>6550</fpage><lpage>6557</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19729084</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib8"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="other" id="sbref80"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>World Health Organization Western Pacific Region</collab></person-group><article-title>Country profile: measles elimination—China</article-title><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.wpro.who.int/immunization/documents/measles_country_profile_may2016_chn.pdf" id="interrefs30">http://www.wpro.who.int/immunization/documents/measles_country_profile_may2016_chn.pdf</ext-link><year>May, 2016</year><comment>(accessed March 18, 2017).</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib9"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref90"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Henderson</surname><given-names>DA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Surveillance of smallpox</article-title><source>Int J Epidemiol</source><volume>5</volume><year>1976</year><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1262108</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list><ack><p>KG receives salary support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia and received the NHMRC Gustav Nossal Scholarship sponsored by CSL in 2012; this award is peer-reviewed and CSL does not play any part in selection of the awardee. RH declares no competing interests.</p></ack></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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