Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis
Identifieur interne : 000925 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000924; suivant : 000926Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis
Auteurs : Yihui Huang ; Mengqi Tu ; Shipei Wang ; Sichao Chen ; Wei Zhou ; Danyang Chen ; Lin Zhou ; Min Wang ; Yan Zhao ; Wen Zeng ; Qi Huang ; Hai'Bo Xu ; Zeming Liu ; Liang GuoSource :
- Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease [ 1477-8939 ] ; 2020.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101606
PubMed: 32114074
PubMed Central: 7102650
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis</title><author><name sortKey="Huang, Yihui" sort="Huang, Yihui" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yihui" last="Huang">Yihui Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tu, Mengqi" sort="Tu, Mengqi" uniqKey="Tu M" first="Mengqi" last="Tu">Mengqi Tu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Shipei" sort="Wang, Shipei" uniqKey="Wang S" first="Shipei" last="Wang">Shipei Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Sichao" sort="Chen, Sichao" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Sichao" last="Chen">Sichao Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Wei" sort="Zhou, Wei" uniqKey="Zhou W" first="Wei" last="Zhou">Wei Zhou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Danyang" sort="Chen, Danyang" uniqKey="Chen D" first="Danyang" last="Chen">Danyang Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Lin" sort="Zhou, Lin" uniqKey="Zhou L" first="Lin" last="Zhou">Lin Zhou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Min" sort="Wang, Min" uniqKey="Wang M" first="Min" last="Wang">Min Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Yan" sort="Zhao, Yan" uniqKey="Zhao Y" first="Yan" last="Zhao">Yan Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeng, Wen" sort="Zeng, Wen" uniqKey="Zeng W" first="Wen" last="Zeng">Wen Zeng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Qi" sort="Huang, Qi" uniqKey="Huang Q" first="Qi" last="Huang">Qi Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Hai Bo" sort="Xu, Hai Bo" uniqKey="Xu H" first="Hai'Bo" last="Xu">Hai'Bo Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Zeming" sort="Liu, Zeming" uniqKey="Liu Z" first="Zeming" last="Liu">Zeming Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Liang" sort="Guo, Liang" uniqKey="Guo L" first="Liang" last="Guo">Liang Guo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32114074</idno><idno type="pmc">7102650</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102650</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7102650</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101606</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000925</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000925</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis</title><author><name sortKey="Huang, Yihui" sort="Huang, Yihui" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yihui" last="Huang">Yihui Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tu, Mengqi" sort="Tu, Mengqi" uniqKey="Tu M" first="Mengqi" last="Tu">Mengqi Tu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Shipei" sort="Wang, Shipei" uniqKey="Wang S" first="Shipei" last="Wang">Shipei Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Sichao" sort="Chen, Sichao" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Sichao" last="Chen">Sichao Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Wei" sort="Zhou, Wei" uniqKey="Zhou W" first="Wei" last="Zhou">Wei Zhou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Danyang" sort="Chen, Danyang" uniqKey="Chen D" first="Danyang" last="Chen">Danyang Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Lin" sort="Zhou, Lin" uniqKey="Zhou L" first="Lin" last="Zhou">Lin Zhou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Min" sort="Wang, Min" uniqKey="Wang M" first="Min" last="Wang">Min Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Yan" sort="Zhao, Yan" uniqKey="Zhao Y" first="Yan" last="Zhao">Yan Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeng, Wen" sort="Zeng, Wen" uniqKey="Zeng W" first="Wen" last="Zeng">Wen Zeng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Qi" sort="Huang, Qi" uniqKey="Huang Q" first="Qi" last="Huang">Qi Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Hai Bo" sort="Xu, Hai Bo" uniqKey="Xu H" first="Hai'Bo" last="Xu">Hai'Bo 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Travel Med Infect Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Travel Med Infect Dis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1477-8939</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1873-0442</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier Science</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32114074</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7102650</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S1477-8939(20)30073-9</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101606</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">101606</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au1"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Yihui</given-names></name><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au2"><name><surname>Tu</surname><given-names>Mengqi</given-names></name><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref><xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au3"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Shipei</given-names></name><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au4"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Sichao</given-names></name><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au5"><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>Wei</given-names></name><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au6"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Danyang</given-names></name><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au7"><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>Lin</given-names></name><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au8"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Min</given-names></name><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au9"><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Yan</given-names></name><xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">d</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au10"><name><surname>Zeng</surname><given-names>Wen</given-names></name><xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au11"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Qi</given-names></name><xref rid="aff5" ref-type="aff">e</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au12"><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>Hai'bo</given-names></name><email>714380246@qq.com</email><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref><xref rid="cor2" ref-type="corresp">∗∗</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au13"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Zeming</given-names></name><email>6myt@163.com</email><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="cor3" ref-type="corresp">∗∗∗</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au14"><name><surname>Guo</surname><given-names>Liang</given-names></name><email>guoliangwhzn@163.com</email><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">∗</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>d</label>Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China</aff><aff id="aff5"><label>e</label>Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author. Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 320071, China. <email>guoliangwhzn@163.com</email></corresp><corresp id="cor2"><label>∗∗</label>Corresponding author. Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. <email>714380246@qq.com</email></corresp><corresp id="cor3"><label>∗∗∗</label>Corresponding author. Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 320071, China. <email>6myt@163.com</email></corresp><fn id="fn1"><label>1</label><p id="ntpara0010">These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>27</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><elocation-id>101606</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>21</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>24</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Elsevier Ltd</copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions><kwd-group id="kwrds0010"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Coronavirus</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>Wuhan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><p content-type="salutation">Dear Editor</p><p id="p0010">According to the Health Commission of Hubei province, China, multiple pneumonia cases first appeared in Wuhan with unclear etiology in December 2019 [<xref rid="bib1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>,<xref rid="bib2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]. Soon after, a novel type of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus disease 2019; previously 2019‐nCoV) was isolated by Chinese authorities on 7 January 2020 [<xref rid="bib3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>,<xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>]. It was reported that in most cases, patients were exposed to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, China, and transmission appeared to be from animals into human [<xref rid="bib2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>,<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>,<xref rid="bib6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]. No province in China has been exempt from the reach of the SARS-CoV-2, and 24 countries have reported cases of the infection until 1st February 2020. To make explicit the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of patients who were diagnosed with “2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)” in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, describing the clinical features of laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (see <xref rid="tbl1" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>)<table-wrap position="float" id="tbl1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Demographical and clinical Information, initial outcomes of laboratory tests, management and treatment of 34 patients who were confirmed as being infected with SARS-CoV-2 after admission to Zhongnan Hospital.</p></caption><alt-text id="alttext0010">Table 1</alt-text><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Covariate</th><th colspan="2">Level</th><th>Number</th><th>%</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="5">Age, years</td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" align="left">56.24 ± 17.14</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">younger than or equal to 40</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">23.5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">41–57</td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">29.5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">58–69</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">23.5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">older than or equal to 70</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">23.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2">Sex</td><td colspan="2" align="left">Female</td><td align="left">20</td><td align="left">58.8</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Male</td><td align="left">14</td><td align="left">41.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="12">Comorbidity</td><td colspan="2" align="left">None</td><td align="left">18</td><td align="left">52.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Yes</td><td align="left">16</td><td align="left">47.1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> Diabetes</td><td align="left">4</td><td align="left">11.8</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> Hypertension</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">23.5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> Cardiovascular disease</td><td align="left">6</td><td align="left">17.6</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> Chronic obstructive</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">2.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> pulmonary disease</td><td align="left">2</td><td align="left">5.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> Malignancy</td><td align="left">3</td><td align="left">8.8</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> Chronic liver disease</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">2.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> Hyperuricemia</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">2.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> Hypothyroidism</td><td align="left">2</td><td align="left">5.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> HIV infection</td><td align="left">2</td><td align="left">5.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="9">Symptoms when admitted to the hospital</td><td colspan="2" align="left">Fever</td><td align="left">32</td><td align="left">94.1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> Temperature of the admission, °C</td><td colspan="2" align="left">37.34 ± 0.92</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> Highest temperature, °C</td><td colspan="2" align="left">38.61 ± 0.81</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Cough</td><td align="left">17</td><td align="left">50.0</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Myalgia or fatigue</td><td align="left">22</td><td align="left">64.7</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Sputum production</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">23.5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Headache</td><td align="left">2</td><td align="left">5.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Diarrhea</td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left">14.7</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Dyspnea</td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left">14.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="4">Bilateral involvement of chest radiographs</td><td colspan="2" align="left">Bilateral</td><td align="left">27</td><td align="left">79.4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Unilateral</td><td align="left">3</td><td align="left">8.8</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Nothing abnormal detected</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">2.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Unknown</td><td align="left">3</td><td align="left">8.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2">White blood cell count</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Decreased</td><td align="left">6</td><td align="left">17.6</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">4</td><td align="left">11.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Neutrophil count</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">4</td><td align="left">11.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Lymphocyte count</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Decreased</td><td align="left">17</td><td align="left">50.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Hemoglobin</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Decreased</td><td align="left">13</td><td align="left">38.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Platelet count</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Decreased</td><td align="left">9</td><td align="left">26.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2">Prothrombin time</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Decreased</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">2.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">17</td><td align="left">50.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left">D-dimer</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left">14.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Albumin</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Decreased</td><td align="left">25</td><td align="left">73.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Alanine aminotransferase</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">23.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Aspartate aminotransferase</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left">20.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Total bilirubin</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">3</td><td align="left">8.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2">Potassium</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Decreased</td><td align="left">4</td><td align="left">11.8</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">2</td><td align="left">5.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2">Creatinine</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Decreased</td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left">20.6</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">6</td><td align="left">17.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Creatine kinase</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">1/12</td><td align="left">8.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Myoglobin</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">3/12</td><td align="left">25.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Hypersensitive troponin I</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">1/15</td><td align="left">6.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Procalcitonin</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">13/31</td><td align="left">41.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">13/22</td><td align="left">59.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Interleukin</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">9/9</td><td align="left">100.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)</td><td colspan="2" align="left"> Increased</td><td align="left">1/4</td><td align="left">25.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2">Hospitalization</td><td colspan="2" align="left">ICU care</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">23.5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">No-ICU care</td><td align="left">26</td><td align="left">76.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="4">Treatment</td><td colspan="2" align="left">Antibiotic therapy</td><td align="left">31</td><td align="left">91.2</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Antiviral therapy (other drugs but not lopinavir/ritonavir)</td><td align="left">32</td><td align="left">94.1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Antiviral therapy (switch to lopinavir/ritonavir later)</td><td align="left">9</td><td align="left">26.5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Use of corticosteroid</td><td align="left">21</td><td align="left">61.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="4">Oxygen Support</td><td colspan="2" align="left">Oxygen Therapy</td><td align="left">25</td><td align="left">73.5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Non-invasive ventilation or high-flow nasal cannula</td><td align="left">2</td><td align="left">5.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Invasive mechanical ventilation</td><td align="left">3</td><td align="left">8.8</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Unknown</td><td align="left">4</td><td align="left">11.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="5">Change of chest radiographs (before switching to lopinavir/ritonavir)</td><td colspan="2" align="left">Worse manifestations</td><td align="left">14/16</td><td align="left">87.5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Improve manifestations</td><td align="left">1/16</td><td align="left">6.25</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">No difference</td><td align="left">1/16</td><td align="left">6.25</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Intervals of re-examined, days</td><td colspan="2" align="left">4.5 (3.0–6.0)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Unknown</td><td align="left">18</td><td align="left">52.9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td><td align="left" rowspan="3">Change of chest radiographs (Refer in particular to the 9 patients who switched to lopinavir/ritonavir later)</td><td align="left">Improve manifestations</td><td align="left">1/9</td><td align="left">11.1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Intervals of re-examined, days</td><td align="left">4</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Not re-examined</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">88.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="4">Change of Procalcitonin</td><td colspan="2" align="left">Elevated</td><td align="left">4/11</td><td align="left">36.4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Declined</td><td align="left">3/11</td><td align="left">27.3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">No difference</td><td align="left">4/11</td><td align="left">36.4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Unknown</td><td align="left">23</td><td align="left">67.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2">Prognosis</td><td colspan="2" align="left">Hospitalization</td><td align="left">33</td><td align="left">97.1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">Home isolation</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">2.9</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="p0015">This retrospective study was approved by the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University's ethical review board (Clinical Ethical Approval No.2020015). In total, the information of 84 patients who were diagnosed from December 2019 to January 2020 were collected and patients who did not undergo laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 or who were tested negative in the laboratory of Zhongnan Hospital were excluded in this research. Ultimately, 34 patients who tested positive to the SARS-CoV-2 at least once via laboratory were included in this study. Among these 34 patients, the earliest admission date was 21 December 2019 and the latest admission date was 28 January 2020. Patients were followed up to 29 January 2020, any missing data was recorded as unknown.</p><p id="p0020">Demographical, clinical, laboratory and imaging tests (including CT and X-ray) data as well as management, treatment, and prognosis for the included patients were acquired from their medical history. Data collected were sorted and summarized.</p><p id="p0025">The mean age of those patients was approximately 56 years and the range of age is from 26 to 88 years old. There were 8 patients who were younger than 40 years of age and also 8 patients who were older than or equal to 70 years of age. We didn't obtain young patients in our cohort and further research are needed to verify whether children and juvenile are of less likely to be infected.</p><p id="p0030">The number of female patients was 20, accounting for 58.8% of all these 34 patients. Most patients (64.7%) lived in the Wuchang district. Among the patients, 47.1% had underlying diseases including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive, pulmonary disease, malignancy, chronic liver disease, hyperuricemia and hypothyroidism. Two patients were known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive.</p><p id="p0035">Up to 94.1% patients had fever on admission or during hospitalization. The highest recorded temperature during hospitalization was 38.61 °C (±0.81 °C). Half of the patients had coughs, and nearly two thirds of patients had myalgia or fatigue. A small group of patients had symptoms of diarrhea and headache. It is worth noting that a fraction of patients did not present with fever. Their symptoms were mild and limited to coughing and fatigue. In addition, findings from the chest radiographs indicated that up to 79.4% patients were infiltrated bilaterally. Only 3 patients showed unilateral infiltrates in their chest radiographs. Surprisingly, one patient presented normally in chest radiographs and this patient only presented with fever and fatigue. These variations in presentations may lead to a missed diagnosis in the primary examination. Therefore, clinicians must be mindful of patients presenting with atypical symptoms since the appearance of pulmonary infiltrates may be delayed and the absence of pulmonary changes on initial imaging does not mean that pneumonia will not develop.</p><p id="p0040">17.6% patients presented with leucopenia, while 11.8% patients presented with leukocytosis, on admission. It is worth noting that up to half of the patients had lymphopenia and 73% showed hypoalbuminemia. Most patients had a reduction in hemoglobin (38.2%) and prolonged prothrombin time (50%). Sodium level of all the patients was within the normal range. Most patients (52.9%) had normal serum levels of procalcitonin. Interleukin-6 level was tested in only 9 patients, and all 9 patients showed an increased level of Interleukin-6. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) also increased in most cases (59.1%). Only one out of four patients who were tested, showed elevated brain natriuretic peptide. Among patients who had multiple laboratory confirmation tests, 2 patients changed from positive to negative, while 3 patients changed from negative to positive.</p><p id="p0045">Of the 34 patients, 8 (23.5%) were initially or subsequently admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and all of them were over 50 years-old. Over 90% of patients received antibiotic therapy, while only 26.5% used corticosteroid. Up to 94.1% patients received antiviral therapy other than lopinavir/ritonavir. Of these, 9 patients switched to lopinavir/ritonavir after a period of time. Patients who were not prescribed lopinavir/ritonavir and patients prior to being prescribed lopinavir/ritonavir tended to have worse manifestations on their chest radiographs (14 out of 16, 87.5%). The intervals between examinations were 4.5 days. Surprisingly, one patient who was prescribed lopinavir/ritonavir at a later date, and who was re-examined after using lopinavir/ritonavir for four days, showed improvements in his chest radiographs. Even he was worse according to the changes of CT before switching to lopinavir/ritonavir therapy. However, as other patients were not re-examined, more information relating to the effects of lopinavir/ritonavir therapy could not be determined and further investigation and evaluation are needed. As for procalcitonin, of the 11 patients who received re-examination, 4 showed an elevation of procalcitonin, while 3 patients showed the opposite. Only one patient out of the 34 patients was treated with home isolation. All other patients required hospitalization.</p><p id="p0050">In summary, the range of age in these cohort is from 26 to 88 years old and the mean age is approximately 56 years old. Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to present with lymphopenia, and increase of ESR and IL-6. Since there are patients with atypical symptoms and imaging of chest radiograph, more attention to atypical symptoms during the early stage of COVID-19 and repeated chest imaging examinations are called for.</p><sec id="sec1"><title>Funding</title><p id="p0055">This research received no external funding.</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>CRediT authorship contribution statement</title><p id="p0060"><bold>Yihui Huang:</bold> Conceptualization, Writing - original draft. <bold>Mengqi Tu:</bold> Software. <bold>Shipei Wang:</bold> Conceptualization. <bold>Sichao Chen:</bold> Methodology. <bold>Wei Zhou:</bold> Resources. <bold>Danyang Chen:</bold> Validation. <bold>Lin Zhou:</bold> Formal analysis. <bold>Min Wang:</bold> Investigation. <bold>Yan Zhao:</bold> Validation. <bold>Wen Zeng:</bold> Data curation. <bold>Qi Huang:</bold> Visualization. <bold>Hai'bo Xu:</bold> Investigation. <bold>Zeming Liu:</bold> Writing - original draft. <bold>Liang Guo:</bold> Supervision, Project administration.</p></sec><sec sec-type="COI-statement"><title>Declaration of competing interest</title><p id="p0065">The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list id="cebib0010"><title>References</title><ref id="bib1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sref1"><person-group 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transmission of novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, 2020</article-title><source>J Clin Med</source><year>2020</year><fpage>9</fpage></element-citation></ref></ref-list><ack id="ack0010"><title>Acknowledgments</title><p>None.</p></ack></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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