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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Development of a Vietnamese Language Outbreak Mapping and Surveillance System</title>
<author><name sortKey="Bui, David" sort="Bui, David" uniqKey="Bui D" first="David" last="Bui">David Bui</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ojphi-05-63">Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ojphi-05-63">Dept of Epidemiology, Mel Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mekaru, Sumiko" sort="Mekaru, Sumiko" uniqKey="Mekaru S" first="Sumiko" last="Mekaru">Sumiko Mekaru</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ojphi-05-63">Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ojphi-05-63">Dept of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freifeld, Clark" sort="Freifeld, Clark" uniqKey="Freifeld C" first="Clark" last="Freifeld">Clark Freifeld</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ojphi-05-63">Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af6-ojphi-05-63">Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brownstein, John S" sort="Brownstein, John S" uniqKey="Brownstein J" first="John S." last="Brownstein">John S. Brownstein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ojphi-05-63">Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5-ojphi-05-63">Dept of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ojphi-05-63">Dept of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3692910</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3692910</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3692910</idno>
<idno type="pmid">NONE</idno>
<date when="2013">2013</date>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Development of a Vietnamese Language Outbreak Mapping and Surveillance System</title>
<author><name sortKey="Bui, David" sort="Bui, David" uniqKey="Bui D" first="David" last="Bui">David Bui</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ojphi-05-63">Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ojphi-05-63">Dept of Epidemiology, Mel Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mekaru, Sumiko" sort="Mekaru, Sumiko" uniqKey="Mekaru S" first="Sumiko" last="Mekaru">Sumiko Mekaru</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ojphi-05-63">Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ojphi-05-63">Dept of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freifeld, Clark" sort="Freifeld, Clark" uniqKey="Freifeld C" first="Clark" last="Freifeld">Clark Freifeld</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ojphi-05-63">Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af6-ojphi-05-63">Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brownstein, John S" sort="Brownstein, John S" uniqKey="Brownstein J" first="John S." last="Brownstein">John S. Brownstein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ojphi-05-63">Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5-ojphi-05-63">Dept of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ojphi-05-63">Dept of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1947-2579</idno>
<imprint><date when="2013">2013</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title>
<p>To present the development of a surveillance system utilizing online Vietnamese language media sources to detect disease events in Vietnam and the South East Asian Region.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Introduction</title>
<p>In the South East Asia Region (SEAR), infectious disease continues to be a leading cause of death. SEAR countries, like Vietnam, are also at risk for outbreaks of emerging diseases due to high population density, proximity to animals and deforestation. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b1-ojphi-05-63">1</xref>
) Given Vietnam’s location in SEAR and its recurrent outbreaks of zoonotic diseases—timely surveillance in Vietnam is critical to global public health. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b1-ojphi-05-63">1</xref>
) Online news sources have been recognized as potential sources for early detection of emerging disease outbreaks, as was the case with SARS. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b2-ojphi-05-63">2</xref>
) HealthMap, an innovative disease surveillance system developed at Boston Children’s Hospital, leverages the expediency of online news media by using text-mining technology to monitor and map global disease outbreaks reported by news sources.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>HealthMap currently monitors disease related news in 15 languages. Building on HealthMap’s existing infrastructure, we translated the system’s existing disease and location name dictionaries to corresponding Vietnamese terms to train the system to detect disease and locations cited in Vietnamese news sources. To ensure comprehensive capture of disease terms, both formal disease names and colloquial synonyms were used. Vietnamese locations were sourced through the official Vietnamese government website. Search queries were developed using a variety of outbreak related terms like “bùng phát” (outbreak) or “bênh” (disease), and specific disease names like “Cúm gia câm” (Avian Influenza). Automated searches are performed in the Vietnamese version of Google News.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>As of August 18, 2012, after 2 months in operation, the system has mapped 433 alerts in 27 diseases reported in the Vietnamese media compared to 7 diseases in English in the same time period. The collected alerts were mapped to 699 province level and district level (or lower) locations compared to only 16 in the English feed. To date, the system collected 38 alerts of Avian Influenza from Vietnamese sources compared to only 2 in English sources; 30 alerts of Dengue compared to 7 in English; and 25 alerts of Hand Foot and Mouth compared to 6. The system also collects outbreak case counts in Vietnam. For example, counts of human Dengue cases in 97 locations in Vietnam were collected, providing a rich dataset for monitoring epidemic spread and progression. The surveillance feed also received 2 reports of outbreaks in crops. Zoonotic disease outbreaks in Vietnam were more comprehensively covered in the Vietnamese feed compared to English.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Leveraging the expediency of freely available online news media, the developed surveillance system is able to detect and map outbreaks occurring in Vietnam in near real-time, providing health organizations and researchers with timely and comprehensive coverage of disease events to assess pandemic risk and mobilize aid as necessary.</p>
<fig id="f1-ojphi-05-63" position="anchor"><caption><p>Screenshot of HealthMap Vietnamese Alerts</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="ojphi-05-63f1"></graphic>
</fig>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brownstein, Js" uniqKey="Brownstein J">JS Brownstein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="abstract"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Online J Public Health Inform</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Online J Public Health Inform</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">OJPHI</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1947-2579</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>University of Illinois at Chicago Library</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3692910</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ojphi-05-63</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>ISDS 2012 Conference Abstracts</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Development of a Vietnamese Language Outbreak Mapping and Surveillance System</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bui</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-ojphi-05-63"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ojphi-05-63"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-ojphi-05-63"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mekaru</surname>
<given-names>Sumiko</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ojphi-05-63"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-ojphi-05-63"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Freifeld</surname>
<given-names>Clark</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ojphi-05-63"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6-ojphi-05-63"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brownstein</surname>
<given-names>John S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ojphi-05-63"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5-ojphi-05-63"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-ojphi-05-63"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="af1-ojphi-05-63"><label>1</label>
Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA;</aff>
<aff id="af2-ojphi-05-63"><label>2</label>
Dept of Epidemiology, Mel Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA;</aff>
<aff id="af3-ojphi-05-63"><label>3</label>
Dept of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;</aff>
<aff id="af4-ojphi-05-63"><label>4</label>
Dept of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;</aff>
<aff id="af5-ojphi-05-63"><label>5</label>
Dept of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada;</aff>
<aff id="af6-ojphi-05-63"><label>6</label>
Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="c1-ojphi-05-63"><label>*</label>
David Bui, E-mail: <email>davidbui@email.arizona.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>4</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<elocation-id>e63</elocation-id>
<permissions><copyright-statement>©2013 the author(s)</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/ojphi/about/submissions#copyrightNotice"><license-p>This is an Open Access article. Authors own copyright of their articles appearing in the Online Journal of Public Health Informatics. Readers may copy articles without permission of the copyright owner(s), as long as the author and OJPHI are acknowledged in the copy and the copy is used for educational, not-for-profit purposes.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec><title>Objective</title>
<p>To present the development of a surveillance system utilizing online Vietnamese language media sources to detect disease events in Vietnam and the South East Asian Region.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Introduction</title>
<p>In the South East Asia Region (SEAR), infectious disease continues to be a leading cause of death. SEAR countries, like Vietnam, are also at risk for outbreaks of emerging diseases due to high population density, proximity to animals and deforestation. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b1-ojphi-05-63">1</xref>
) Given Vietnam’s location in SEAR and its recurrent outbreaks of zoonotic diseases—timely surveillance in Vietnam is critical to global public health. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b1-ojphi-05-63">1</xref>
) Online news sources have been recognized as potential sources for early detection of emerging disease outbreaks, as was the case with SARS. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b2-ojphi-05-63">2</xref>
) HealthMap, an innovative disease surveillance system developed at Boston Children’s Hospital, leverages the expediency of online news media by using text-mining technology to monitor and map global disease outbreaks reported by news sources.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>HealthMap currently monitors disease related news in 15 languages. Building on HealthMap’s existing infrastructure, we translated the system’s existing disease and location name dictionaries to corresponding Vietnamese terms to train the system to detect disease and locations cited in Vietnamese news sources. To ensure comprehensive capture of disease terms, both formal disease names and colloquial synonyms were used. Vietnamese locations were sourced through the official Vietnamese government website. Search queries were developed using a variety of outbreak related terms like “bùng phát” (outbreak) or “bênh” (disease), and specific disease names like “Cúm gia câm” (Avian Influenza). Automated searches are performed in the Vietnamese version of Google News.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>As of August 18, 2012, after 2 months in operation, the system has mapped 433 alerts in 27 diseases reported in the Vietnamese media compared to 7 diseases in English in the same time period. The collected alerts were mapped to 699 province level and district level (or lower) locations compared to only 16 in the English feed. To date, the system collected 38 alerts of Avian Influenza from Vietnamese sources compared to only 2 in English sources; 30 alerts of Dengue compared to 7 in English; and 25 alerts of Hand Foot and Mouth compared to 6. The system also collects outbreak case counts in Vietnam. For example, counts of human Dengue cases in 97 locations in Vietnam were collected, providing a rich dataset for monitoring epidemic spread and progression. The surveillance feed also received 2 reports of outbreaks in crops. Zoonotic disease outbreaks in Vietnam were more comprehensively covered in the Vietnamese feed compared to English.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Leveraging the expediency of freely available online news media, the developed surveillance system is able to detect and map outbreaks occurring in Vietnam in near real-time, providing health organizations and researchers with timely and comprehensive coverage of disease events to assess pandemic risk and mobilize aid as necessary.</p>
<fig id="f1-ojphi-05-63" position="anchor"><caption><p>Screenshot of HealthMap Vietnamese Alerts</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="ojphi-05-63f1"></graphic>
</fig>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Surveillance</kwd>
<kwd>Infectious Disease</kwd>
<kwd>Vietnam</kwd>
<kwd>HealthMap</kwd>
<kwd>Mapping</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back><ack><p>Sumiko Mekaru, John Brownstein, Clark Freifeld, Susan Aman, and the whole HealthMap gang.</p>
</ack>
<ref-list><title>References</title>
<ref id="b1-ojphi-05-63"><label>1.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="webpage"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>World Health Organization</collab>
</person-group>
<article-title>Combating Emerging Infectious Diseases</article-title>
<comment>Searo.who.int. Available at: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Avian_Flu_combating_emerging_diseases.pdf">http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Avian_Flu_combating_emerging_diseases.pdf</ext-link>
. Accessed August 28, 2012.</comment>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="b2-ojphi-05-63"><label>2.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Brownstein</surname>
<given-names>JS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Digital Disease Detection: Harnessing the Web for Public Health Surveillance</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>360</volume>
<fpage>2153</fpage>
<lpage>2157</lpage>
<comment>Available at: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0900702">http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0900702</ext-link>
. Accessed April 16, 2012.</comment>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19423867</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</pmc>
</record>
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