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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The aetiology of SARS: Koch's postulates fulfilled.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D M E" sort="Osterhaus, A D M E" uniqKey="Osterhaus A" first="A D M E" last="Osterhaus">A D M E. Osterhaus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fouchier, R A M" sort="Fouchier, R A M" uniqKey="Fouchier R" first="R A M" last="Fouchier">R A M. Fouchier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuiken, T" sort="Kuiken, T" uniqKey="Kuiken T" first="T" last="Kuiken">T. Kuiken</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">15306393</idno>
<idno type="pmc">1693394</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1693394</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:1693394</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1098/rstb.2004.1489</idno>
<date when="2004">2004</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000762</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000762</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The aetiology of SARS: Koch's postulates fulfilled.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D M E" sort="Osterhaus, A D M E" uniqKey="Osterhaus A" first="A D M E" last="Osterhaus">A D M E. Osterhaus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fouchier, R A M" sort="Fouchier, R A M" uniqKey="Fouchier R" first="R A M" last="Fouchier">R A M. Fouchier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuiken, T" sort="Kuiken, T" uniqKey="Kuiken T" first="T" last="Kuiken">T. Kuiken</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0962-8436</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1471-2970</idno>
<imprint><date when="2004">2004</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Proof that a newly identified coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) came from a series of studies on experimentally infected cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). SARS-CoV-infected macaques developed a disease comparable to SARS in humans; the virus was re-isolated from these animals and they developed SARS-CoV-specific antibodies. This completed the fulfilment of Koch's postulates, as modified by Rivers for viral diseases, for SARS-CoV as the aetiological agent of SARS. Besides the macaque model, a ferret and a cat model for SARS-CoV were also developed. These animal models allow comparative pathogenesis studies for SARS-CoV infections and testing of different intervention strategies. The first of these studies has shown that pegylated interferon-alpha, a drug approved for human use, limits SARS-CoV replication and lung damage in experimentally infected macaques. Finally, we argue that, given the worldwide nature of the socio-economic changes that have predisposed for the emergence of SARS and avian influenza in Southeast Asia, such changes herald the beginning of a global trend for which we are ill prepared.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci</journal-id>
<journal-title>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0962-8436</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1471-2970</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">15306393</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">1693394</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1098/rstb.2004.1489</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pii">DMY4PAFQRU0PNB4F</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>The aetiology of SARS: Koch's postulates fulfilled.</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Osterhaus</surname>
<given-names>A D M E</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fouchier</surname>
<given-names>R A M</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kuiken</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Institute of Virology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands. a.osterhaus@erasmusmc.nl</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>29</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>359</volume>
<issue>1447</issue>
<fpage>1081</fpage>
<lpage>1082</lpage>
<abstract><p>Proof that a newly identified coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) came from a series of studies on experimentally infected cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). SARS-CoV-infected macaques developed a disease comparable to SARS in humans; the virus was re-isolated from these animals and they developed SARS-CoV-specific antibodies. This completed the fulfilment of Koch's postulates, as modified by Rivers for viral diseases, for SARS-CoV as the aetiological agent of SARS. Besides the macaque model, a ferret and a cat model for SARS-CoV were also developed. These animal models allow comparative pathogenesis studies for SARS-CoV infections and testing of different intervention strategies. The first of these studies has shown that pegylated interferon-alpha, a drug approved for human use, limits SARS-CoV replication and lung damage in experimentally infected macaques. Finally, we argue that, given the worldwide nature of the socio-economic changes that have predisposed for the emergence of SARS and avian influenza in Southeast Asia, such changes herald the beginning of a global trend for which we are ill prepared.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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