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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats</title><author><name sortKey="Lau, Susanna K P" sort="Lau, Susanna K P" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna K. P." last="Lau">Susanna K. P. Lau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woo, Patrick C Y" sort="Woo, Patrick C Y" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick C. Y." last="Woo">Patrick C. Y. Woo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Kenneth S M" sort="Li, Kenneth S M" uniqKey="Li K" first="Kenneth S. M." last="Li">Kenneth S. M. Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Yi" sort="Huang, Yi" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yi" last="Huang">Yi Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsoi, Hoi Wah" sort="Tsoi, Hoi Wah" uniqKey="Tsoi H" first="Hoi-Wah" last="Tsoi">Hoi-Wah Tsoi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Beatrice H L" sort="Wong, Beatrice H L" uniqKey="Wong B" first="Beatrice H. L." last="Wong">Beatrice H. L. Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Samson S Y" sort="Wong, Samson S Y" uniqKey="Wong S" first="Samson S. Y." last="Wong">Samson S. Y. Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, Suet Yi" sort="Leung, Suet Yi" uniqKey="Leung S" first="Suet-Yi" last="Leung">Suet-Yi Leung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Kwok Hung" sort="Chan, Kwok Hung" uniqKey="Chan K" first="Kwok-Hung" last="Chan">Kwok-Hung Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">16169905</idno><idno type="pmc">1236580</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1236580</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:1236580</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0506735102</idno><date when="2005">2005</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000746</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000746</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats</title><author><name sortKey="Lau, Susanna K P" sort="Lau, Susanna K P" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna K. P." last="Lau">Susanna K. P. Lau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woo, Patrick C Y" sort="Woo, Patrick C Y" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick C. Y." last="Woo">Patrick C. Y. Woo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Kenneth S M" sort="Li, Kenneth S M" uniqKey="Li K" first="Kenneth S. M." last="Li">Kenneth S. M. Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Yi" sort="Huang, Yi" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yi" last="Huang">Yi Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsoi, Hoi Wah" sort="Tsoi, Hoi Wah" uniqKey="Tsoi H" first="Hoi-Wah" last="Tsoi">Hoi-Wah Tsoi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Beatrice H L" sort="Wong, Beatrice H L" uniqKey="Wong B" first="Beatrice H. L." last="Wong">Beatrice H. L. Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Samson S Y" sort="Wong, Samson S Y" uniqKey="Wong S" first="Samson S. Y." last="Wong">Samson S. Y. Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, Suet Yi" sort="Leung, Suet Yi" uniqKey="Leung S" first="Suet-Yi" last="Leung">Suet-Yi Leung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Kwok Hung" sort="Chan, Kwok Hung" uniqKey="Chan K" first="Kwok-Hung" last="Chan">Kwok-Hung Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Department of Microbiology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2005">2005</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Although the finding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in caged palm civets from live animal markets in China has provided evidence for interspecies transmission in the genesis of the SARS epidemic, subsequent studies suggested that the civet may have served only as an amplification host for SARS-CoV. In a surveillance study for CoV in noncaged animals from the wild areas of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, we identified a CoV closely related to SARS-CoV (bat-SARS-CoV) from 23 (39%) of 59 anal swabs of wild Chinese horseshoe bats (<italic>Rhinolophus sinicus</italic>) by using RT-PCR. Sequencing and analysis of three bat-SARS-CoV genomes from samples collected at different dates showed that bat-SARS-CoV is closely related to SARS-CoV from humans and civets. Phylogenetic analysis showed that bat-SARS-CoV formed a distinct cluster with SARS-CoV as group 2b CoV, distantly related to known group 2 CoV. Most differences between the bat-SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV genomes were observed in the spike genes, ORF 3 and ORF 8, which are the regions where most variations also were observed between human and civet SARS-CoV genomes. In addition, the presence of a 29-bp insertion in ORF 8 of bat-SARS-CoV genome, not in most human SARS-CoV genomes, suggests that it has a common ancestor with civet SARS-CoV. Antibody against recombinant bat-SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein was detected in 84% of Chinese horseshoe bats by using an enzyme immunoassay. Neutralizing antibody to human SARS-CoV also was detected in bats with lower viral loads. Precautions should be exercised in the handling of these animals.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pnas</journal-id><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">16169905</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">1236580</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">010214040</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0506735102</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lau</surname><given-names>Susanna K. P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">*</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">†</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">‡</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">§</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Woo</surname><given-names>Patrick C. Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">*</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">†</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">‡</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">§</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Kenneth S. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Yi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tsoi</surname><given-names>Hoi-Wah</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>Beatrice H. L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>Samson S. Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">*</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">†</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">‡</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leung</surname><given-names>Suet-Yi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">¶</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>Kwok-Hung</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yuen</surname><given-names>Kwok-Yung</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">*</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">†</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40">‡</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">§</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">∥</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="N0x9b35768.0x9ac1b40"><label>*</label>Department of Microbiology,<label>†</label>Research Centre of Infection and Immunology,<label>‡</label>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, and<label>¶</label>Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</aff><author-notes><fn id="cor1"><label>∥</label><p> To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>kyyuen@hkucc.hku.hk</email>. </p></fn><fn id="fn1"><label>§</label><p>S.K.P.L., P.C.Y.W., and K.-Y.Y. contributed equally to this work.</p></fn><fn><p>Communicated by Lap-Chee Tsui, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>27</day><month>9</month><year>2005</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>9</month><year>2005</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>39</issue><fpage>14040</fpage><lpage>14045</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>22</day><month>6</month><year>2005</year></date></history><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2005, The National Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2005</copyright-year><abstract><p>Although the finding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in caged palm civets from live animal markets in China has provided evidence for interspecies transmission in the genesis of the SARS epidemic, subsequent studies suggested that the civet may have served only as an amplification host for SARS-CoV. In a surveillance study for CoV in noncaged animals from the wild areas of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, we identified a CoV closely related to SARS-CoV (bat-SARS-CoV) from 23 (39%) of 59 anal swabs of wild Chinese horseshoe bats (<italic>Rhinolophus sinicus</italic>) by using RT-PCR. Sequencing and analysis of three bat-SARS-CoV genomes from samples collected at different dates showed that bat-SARS-CoV is closely related to SARS-CoV from humans and civets. Phylogenetic analysis showed that bat-SARS-CoV formed a distinct cluster with SARS-CoV as group 2b CoV, distantly related to known group 2 CoV. Most differences between the bat-SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV genomes were observed in the spike genes, ORF 3 and ORF 8, which are the regions where most variations also were observed between human and civet SARS-CoV genomes. In addition, the presence of a 29-bp insertion in ORF 8 of bat-SARS-CoV genome, not in most human SARS-CoV genomes, suggests that it has a common ancestor with civet SARS-CoV. Antibody against recombinant bat-SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein was detected in 84% of Chinese horseshoe bats by using an enzyme immunoassay. Neutralizing antibody to human SARS-CoV also was detected in bats with lower viral loads. Precautions should be exercised in the handling of these animals.</p></abstract></article-meta><notes><fn-group><fn><p>Author contributions: S.K.P.L., P.C.Y.W., and K.-Y.Y. designed research; S.K.P.L., P.C.Y.W., K.S.M.L., Y.H., H.-W.T., B.H.L.W., S.S.Y.W., S.-Y.L., K.-H.C., and K.-Y.Y. performed research and analyzed data; and S.K.P.L., P.C.Y.W., and K.-Y.Y. wrote the paper.</p></fn><fn><p>Abbreviations: CoV, coronavirus; HCoV, human CoV; BCoV, bovine CoV; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; HKSAR, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; S, spike; N, nucleocapsid; EIA, enzyme immunoassay; ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2.</p></fn><fn><p>Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (accession nos. DQ022305, DQ084199, and DQ084200).</p></fn></fn-group></notes></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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