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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">T-Cell Epitopes in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus Spike Protein Elicit a Specific T-Cell Immune Response in Patients Who Recover from SARS</title>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Yue Dan" sort="Wang, Yue Dan" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yue-Dan" last="Wang">Yue-Dan Wang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sin, Wan Yee Fion" sort="Sin, Wan Yee Fion" uniqKey="Sin W" first="Wan-Yee Fion" last="Sin">Wan-Yee Fion Sin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Guo Bing" sort="Xu, Guo Bing" uniqKey="Xu G" first="Guo-Bing" last="Xu">Guo-Bing Xu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Huang Hua" sort="Yang, Huang Hua" uniqKey="Yang H" first="Huang-Hua" last="Yang">Huang-Hua Yang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wong, Tin Yau" sort="Wong, Tin Yau" uniqKey="Wong T" first="Tin-Yau" last="Wong">Tin-Yau Wong</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pang, Xue Wen" sort="Pang, Xue Wen" uniqKey="Pang X" first="Xue-Wen" last="Pang">Xue-Wen Pang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="He, Xiao Yan" sort="He, Xiao Yan" uniqKey="He X" first="Xiao-Yan" last="He">Xiao-Yan He</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Hua Gang" sort="Zhang, Hua Gang" uniqKey="Zhang H" first="Hua-Gang" last="Zhang">Hua-Gang Zhang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Joice Na Lee" sort="Ng, Joice Na Lee" uniqKey="Ng J" first="Joice Na Lee" last="Ng">Joice Na Lee Ng</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheng, Chak Sum Samuel" sort="Cheng, Chak Sum Samuel" uniqKey="Cheng C" first="Chak-Sum Samuel" last="Cheng">Chak-Sum Samuel Cheng</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ju, Jing" sort="Ju, Jing" uniqKey="Ju J" first="Jing" last="Ju">Jing Ju</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meng, Li" sort="Meng, Li" uniqKey="Meng L" first="Li" last="Meng">Li Meng</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Rui Feng" sort="Yang, Rui Feng" uniqKey="Yang R" first="Rui-Feng" last="Yang">Rui-Feng Yang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lai, Sik To" sort="Lai, Sik To" uniqKey="Lai S" first="Sik-To" last="Lai">Sik-To Lai</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guo, Zhi Hong" sort="Guo, Zhi Hong" uniqKey="Guo Z" first="Zhi-Hong" last="Guo">Zhi-Hong Guo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xie, Yong" sort="Xie, Yong" uniqKey="Xie Y" first="Yong" last="Xie">Yong Xie</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Wei Feng" sort="Chen, Wei Feng" uniqKey="Chen W" first="Wei-Feng" last="Chen">Wei-Feng Chen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">15140958</idno>
<idno type="pmc">415819</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC415819</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:415819</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1128/JVI.78.11.5612-5618.2004</idno>
<date when="2004">2004</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000676</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000676</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">T-Cell Epitopes in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus Spike Protein Elicit a Specific T-Cell Immune Response in Patients Who Recover from SARS</title>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Yue Dan" sort="Wang, Yue Dan" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yue-Dan" last="Wang">Yue-Dan Wang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sin, Wan Yee Fion" sort="Sin, Wan Yee Fion" uniqKey="Sin W" first="Wan-Yee Fion" last="Sin">Wan-Yee Fion Sin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Guo Bing" sort="Xu, Guo Bing" uniqKey="Xu G" first="Guo-Bing" last="Xu">Guo-Bing Xu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Huang Hua" sort="Yang, Huang Hua" uniqKey="Yang H" first="Huang-Hua" last="Yang">Huang-Hua Yang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wong, Tin Yau" sort="Wong, Tin Yau" uniqKey="Wong T" first="Tin-Yau" last="Wong">Tin-Yau Wong</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pang, Xue Wen" sort="Pang, Xue Wen" uniqKey="Pang X" first="Xue-Wen" last="Pang">Xue-Wen Pang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="He, Xiao Yan" sort="He, Xiao Yan" uniqKey="He X" first="Xiao-Yan" last="He">Xiao-Yan He</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Hua Gang" sort="Zhang, Hua Gang" uniqKey="Zhang H" first="Hua-Gang" last="Zhang">Hua-Gang Zhang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Joice Na Lee" sort="Ng, Joice Na Lee" uniqKey="Ng J" first="Joice Na Lee" last="Ng">Joice Na Lee Ng</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheng, Chak Sum Samuel" sort="Cheng, Chak Sum Samuel" uniqKey="Cheng C" first="Chak-Sum Samuel" last="Cheng">Chak-Sum Samuel Cheng</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ju, Jing" sort="Ju, Jing" uniqKey="Ju J" first="Jing" last="Ju">Jing Ju</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meng, Li" sort="Meng, Li" uniqKey="Meng L" first="Li" last="Meng">Li Meng</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Rui Feng" sort="Yang, Rui Feng" uniqKey="Yang R" first="Rui-Feng" last="Yang">Rui-Feng Yang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lai, Sik To" sort="Lai, Sik To" uniqKey="Lai S" first="Sik-To" last="Lai">Sik-To Lai</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guo, Zhi Hong" sort="Guo, Zhi Hong" uniqKey="Guo Z" first="Zhi-Hong" last="Guo">Zhi-Hong Guo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xie, Yong" sort="Xie, Yong" uniqKey="Xie Y" first="Yong" last="Xie">Yong Xie</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Wei Feng" sort="Chen, Wei Feng" uniqKey="Chen W" first="Wei-Feng" last="Chen">Wei-Feng Chen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of Virology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-538X</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1098-5514</idno>
<imprint><date when="2004">2004</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The immunogenicity of HLA-A2-restricted T-cell epitopes in the S protein of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and of human coronavirus strain 229e (HCoV-229e) was analyzed for the elicitation of a T-cell immune response in donors who had fully recovered from SARS-CoV infection. We employed online database analysis to compare the differences in the amino acid sequences of the homologous T epitopes of HCoV-229e and SARS-CoV. The identified T-cell epitope peptides were synthesized, and their binding affinities for HLA-A2 were validated and compared in the T2 cell system. The immunogenicity of all these peptides was assessed by using T cells obtained from donors who had fully recovered from SARS-CoV infection and from healthy donors with no history of SARS-CoV infection. HLA-A2 typing by indirect immunofluorescent antibody staining showed that 51.6% of SARS-CoV-infected patients were HLA-A2 positive. Online database analysis and the T2 cell binding test disclosed that the number of HLA-A2-restricted immunogenic epitopes of the S protein of SARS-CoV was decreased or even lost in comparison with the homologous sequences of the S protein of HCoV-229e. Among the peptides used in the study, the affinity of peptides from HCoV-229e (H77 and H881) and peptides from SARS-CoV (S978 and S1203) for binding to HLA-A2 was higher than that of other sequences. The gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release Elispot assay revealed that only SARS-CoV-specific peptides S1203 and S978 induced a high frequency of IFN-γ-secreting T-cell response in HLA-A2<sup>+</sup>
donors who had fully recovered from SARS-CoV infection; such a T-cell epitope-specific response was not observed in HLA-A2<sup>+</sup>
healthy donors or in HLA-A2<sup>−</sup>
donors who had been infected with SARS-CoV after full recovery. Thus, T-cell epitopes S1203 and S978 are immunogenic and elicit an overt specific T-cell response in HLA-A2<sup>+</sup>
SARS-CoV-infected patients.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Virol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jvi</journal-id>
<journal-title>Journal of Virology</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0022-538X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1098-5514</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Microbiology</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">15140958</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">415819</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2309-03</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JVI.78.11.5612-5618.2004</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Pathogenesis and Immunity</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>T-Cell Epitopes in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus Spike Protein Elicit a Specific T-Cell Immune Response in Patients Who Recover from SARS</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Yue-Dan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">†</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sin</surname>
<given-names>Wan-Yee Fion</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">†</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname>
<given-names>Guo-Bing</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">†</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>Huang-Hua</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wong</surname>
<given-names>Tin-yau</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pang</surname>
<given-names>Xue-Wen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>He</surname>
<given-names>Xiao-Yan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Hua-Gang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ng</surname>
<given-names>Joice Na Lee</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cheng</surname>
<given-names>Chak-Sum Samuel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ju</surname>
<given-names>Jing</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meng</surname>
<given-names>Li</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>Rui-Feng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lai</surname>
<given-names>Sik-To</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guo</surname>
<given-names>Zhi-Hong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xie</surname>
<given-names>Yong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Wei-Feng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Centre,<label>1</label>
First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing,<label>3</label>
Department of Biology,<label>2</label>
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon,<label>4</label>
Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China<label>5</label>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn id="cor1"><label>*</label>
<p>Corresponding author. Mailing address for Wei-Feng Chen: Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Centre, 38, Xueyuanlu, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China. Phone: (86) 10-82802593. Fax: (86) 10-82802593. E-mail: <email>wfchen@public.bta.net.cn</email>
. Mailing address for Yong Xie: Department of Biology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. Phone: (852)2358-7340. Fax: (852)2358-1559. E-mail: <email>Boyxie@ust.hk</email>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn1"><label>†</label>
<p>Y.-D.W., W.-Y.F.S., and G.-B.X. contributed equally to this study.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>6</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>78</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>5612</fpage>
<lpage>5618</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>3</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2003</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>15</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2004</year>
</date>
</history>
<copyright-statement>Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2004</copyright-year>
<abstract><p>The immunogenicity of HLA-A2-restricted T-cell epitopes in the S protein of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and of human coronavirus strain 229e (HCoV-229e) was analyzed for the elicitation of a T-cell immune response in donors who had fully recovered from SARS-CoV infection. We employed online database analysis to compare the differences in the amino acid sequences of the homologous T epitopes of HCoV-229e and SARS-CoV. The identified T-cell epitope peptides were synthesized, and their binding affinities for HLA-A2 were validated and compared in the T2 cell system. The immunogenicity of all these peptides was assessed by using T cells obtained from donors who had fully recovered from SARS-CoV infection and from healthy donors with no history of SARS-CoV infection. HLA-A2 typing by indirect immunofluorescent antibody staining showed that 51.6% of SARS-CoV-infected patients were HLA-A2 positive. Online database analysis and the T2 cell binding test disclosed that the number of HLA-A2-restricted immunogenic epitopes of the S protein of SARS-CoV was decreased or even lost in comparison with the homologous sequences of the S protein of HCoV-229e. Among the peptides used in the study, the affinity of peptides from HCoV-229e (H77 and H881) and peptides from SARS-CoV (S978 and S1203) for binding to HLA-A2 was higher than that of other sequences. The gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release Elispot assay revealed that only SARS-CoV-specific peptides S1203 and S978 induced a high frequency of IFN-γ-secreting T-cell response in HLA-A2<sup>+</sup>
donors who had fully recovered from SARS-CoV infection; such a T-cell epitope-specific response was not observed in HLA-A2<sup>+</sup>
healthy donors or in HLA-A2<sup>−</sup>
donors who had been infected with SARS-CoV after full recovery. Thus, T-cell epitopes S1203 and S978 are immunogenic and elicit an overt specific T-cell response in HLA-A2<sup>+</sup>
SARS-CoV-infected patients.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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