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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Isolation of Virus from a SARS Patient and Genome-wide Analysis of Genetic Mutations Related to Pathogenesis and Epidemiology from 47 SARS-CoV Isolates</title>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, Ying" sort="Zhu, Ying" uniqKey="Zhu Y" first="Ying" last="Zhu">Ying Zhu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Mo" sort="Liu, Mo" uniqKey="Liu M" first="Mo" last="Liu">Mo Liu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Weiguang" sort="Zhao, Weiguang" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Weiguang" last="Zhao">Weiguang Zhao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jianlin" sort="Zhang, Jianlin" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jianlin" last="Zhang">Jianlin Zhang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Xue" sort="Zhang, Xue" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xue" last="Zhang">Xue Zhang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Ke" sort="Wang, Ke" uniqKey="Wang K" first="Ke" last="Wang">Ke Wang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gu, Chunfang" sort="Gu, Chunfang" uniqKey="Gu C" first="Chunfang" last="Gu">Chunfang Gu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, Kailang" sort="Wu, Kailang" uniqKey="Wu K" first="Kailang" last="Wu">Kailang Wu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Yan" sort="Li, Yan" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yan" last="Li">Yan Li</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, Congyi" sort="Zheng, Congyi" uniqKey="Zheng C" first="Congyi" last="Zheng">Congyi Zheng</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, Gengfu" sort="Xiao, Gengfu" uniqKey="Xiao G" first="Gengfu" last="Xiao">Gengfu Xiao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yan, Huimin" sort="Yan, Huimin" uniqKey="Yan H" first="Huimin" last="Yan">Huimin Yan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jiamin" sort="Zhang, Jiamin" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jiamin" last="Zhang">Jiamin Zhang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guo, Deyin" sort="Guo, Deyin" uniqKey="Guo D" first="Deyin" last="Guo">Deyin Guo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tien, Po" sort="Tien, Po" uniqKey="Tien P" first="Po" last="Tien">Po Tien</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, Jianguo" sort="Wu, Jianguo" uniqKey="Wu J" first="Jianguo" last="Wu">Jianguo Wu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">15744567</idno>
<idno type="pmc">7089183</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7089183</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:7089183</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1007/s11262-004-4586-9</idno>
<date when="2005">2005</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000503</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000503</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Isolation of Virus from a SARS Patient and Genome-wide Analysis of Genetic Mutations Related to Pathogenesis and Epidemiology from 47 SARS-CoV Isolates</title>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, Ying" sort="Zhu, Ying" uniqKey="Zhu Y" first="Ying" last="Zhu">Ying Zhu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Mo" sort="Liu, Mo" uniqKey="Liu M" first="Mo" last="Liu">Mo Liu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Weiguang" sort="Zhao, Weiguang" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Weiguang" last="Zhao">Weiguang Zhao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jianlin" sort="Zhang, Jianlin" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jianlin" last="Zhang">Jianlin Zhang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Xue" sort="Zhang, Xue" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xue" last="Zhang">Xue Zhang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Ke" sort="Wang, Ke" uniqKey="Wang K" first="Ke" last="Wang">Ke Wang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gu, Chunfang" sort="Gu, Chunfang" uniqKey="Gu C" first="Chunfang" last="Gu">Chunfang Gu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, Kailang" sort="Wu, Kailang" uniqKey="Wu K" first="Kailang" last="Wu">Kailang Wu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Yan" sort="Li, Yan" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yan" last="Li">Yan Li</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, Congyi" sort="Zheng, Congyi" uniqKey="Zheng C" first="Congyi" last="Zheng">Congyi Zheng</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, Gengfu" sort="Xiao, Gengfu" uniqKey="Xiao G" first="Gengfu" last="Xiao">Gengfu Xiao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yan, Huimin" sort="Yan, Huimin" uniqKey="Yan H" first="Huimin" last="Yan">Huimin Yan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jiamin" sort="Zhang, Jiamin" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jiamin" last="Zhang">Jiamin Zhang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guo, Deyin" sort="Guo, Deyin" uniqKey="Guo D" first="Deyin" last="Guo">Deyin Guo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tien, Po" sort="Tien, Po" uniqKey="Tien P" first="Po" last="Tien">Po Tien</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, Jianguo" sort="Wu, Jianguo" uniqKey="Wu J" first="Jianguo" last="Wu">Jianguo Wu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Virus Genes</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0920-8569</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1572-994X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2005">2005</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a fatal disease. Prevention of future outbreaks is essential and requires understanding pathogenesis and evolution of the virus. We have isolated a SARS-CoV in China and analyzed 47 SARS-CoV genomes with the aims to reveal the evolution trends of the virus and provide insights into understanding pathogenesis and SARS epidemic. Specimen from a SARS patient was inoculated into cell culture. The presence of SARS-CoV was determined by RT-PCR and confirmed by electron microscopy. Virus was isolated followed by the determination of its genome sequences, which were then analyzed by comparing with other 46 SARS-CoV genomes. Genetic mutations with potential implications to pathogenesis and the epidemic were characterized. This viral genome consists of 29,728 nucleotides with overall organization in agreement with that of published isolates. A total of 348 positions were mutated on 47 viral genomes. Among them 22 had mutations in more than three genomes. Hot spots of nucleotide variations and unique trends of mutations were identified on the viral genomes. Mutation rates were different from gene to gene and were correlated well with periodical or geographic characteristics of the epidemic.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Virus Genes</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Virus Genes</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Virus Genes</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0920-8569</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1572-994X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Springer US</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">15744567</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7089183</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">4586</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11262-004-4586-9</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Isolation of Virus from a SARS Patient and Genome-wide Analysis of Genetic Mutations Related to Pathogenesis and Epidemiology from 47 SARS-CoV Isolates</article-title>
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<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhu</surname>
<given-names>Ying</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
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<given-names>Mo</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname>
<given-names>Weiguang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Jianlin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Xue</given-names>
</name>
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</contrib>
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<given-names>Chunfang</given-names>
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<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>Jianguo</given-names>
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<address><email>wu9988@vip.sina.com</email>
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</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.49470.3e</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000123316153</institution-id>
<institution>Key Laboratory of Virology, Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences,</institution>
<institution>Wuhan University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Wuhan, 430072 China</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>1</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>93</fpage>
<lpage>102</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>08</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2004</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>15</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2004</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2005</copyright-statement>
<license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a fatal disease. Prevention of future outbreaks is essential and requires understanding pathogenesis and evolution of the virus. We have isolated a SARS-CoV in China and analyzed 47 SARS-CoV genomes with the aims to reveal the evolution trends of the virus and provide insights into understanding pathogenesis and SARS epidemic. Specimen from a SARS patient was inoculated into cell culture. The presence of SARS-CoV was determined by RT-PCR and confirmed by electron microscopy. Virus was isolated followed by the determination of its genome sequences, which were then analyzed by comparing with other 46 SARS-CoV genomes. Genetic mutations with potential implications to pathogenesis and the epidemic were characterized. This viral genome consists of 29,728 nucleotides with overall organization in agreement with that of published isolates. A total of 348 positions were mutated on 47 viral genomes. Among them 22 had mutations in more than three genomes. Hot spots of nucleotide variations and unique trends of mutations were identified on the viral genomes. Mutation rates were different from gene to gene and were correlated well with periodical or geographic characteristics of the epidemic.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>SARS-CoV</kwd>
<kwd>isolation</kwd>
<kwd>genomic analysis</kwd>
<kwd>mutation</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2005</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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