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<title xml:lang="en">Modelling the spreading rate of controlled communicable epidemics through an entropy-based thermodynamic model</title>
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<name sortKey="Wang, Chunfeng" sort="Wang, Chunfeng" uniqKey="Wang C" first="Chunfeng" last="Wang">Chunfeng Wang</name>
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<name sortKey="Hu, Ruifeng" sort="Hu, Ruifeng" uniqKey="Hu R" first="Ruifeng" last="Hu">Ruifeng Hu</name>
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<name sortKey="Wu, Ziniu" sort="Wu, Ziniu" uniqKey="Wu Z" first="Ziniu" last="Wu">Ziniu Wu</name>
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<name sortKey="Wang, Chunfeng" sort="Wang, Chunfeng" uniqKey="Wang C" first="Chunfeng" last="Wang">Chunfeng Wang</name>
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<p>A model based on a thermodynamic approach is proposed for predicting the dynamics of communicable epidemics assumed to be governed by controlling efforts of multiple scales so that an entropy is associated with the system. All the epidemic details are factored into a single and time-dependent coefficient, the functional form of this coefficient is found through four constraints, including notably the existence of an inflexion point and a maximum. The model is solved to give a log-normal distribution for the spread rate, for which a Shannon entropy can be defined. The only parameter, that characterizes the width of the distribution function, is uniquely determined through maximizing the rate of entropy production. This entropy-based thermodynamic (EBT) model predicts the number of hospitalized cases with a reasonable accuracy for SARS in the year 2003. This EBT model can be of use for potential epidemics such as avian influenza and H7N9 in China.</p>
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<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci China Phys Mech Astron</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci China Phys Mech Astron</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Science China. Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1674-7348</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1869-1927</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Berlin/Heidelberg</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7111546</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">5321</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11433-013-5321-0</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Article</subject>
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<title-group>
<article-title>Modelling the spreading rate of controlled communicable epidemics through an entropy-based thermodynamic model</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>WenBin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>ZiNiu</given-names>
</name>
<address>
<email>ziniuwu@tsinghua.edu.cn</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>ChunFeng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hu</surname>
<given-names>RuiFeng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution-wrap>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.12527.33</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000106623178</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Engineering Mechanics,</institution>
<institution>Tsinghua University,</institution>
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Beijing, 100084 China</aff>
<aff id="Aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution-wrap>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.440736.2</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0707 115X</institution-id>
<institution>School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering,</institution>
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Beijing, 100084 China</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>3</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>2143</fpage>
<lpage>2150</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>23</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>29</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013</copyright-statement>
<license>
<license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1">
<p>A model based on a thermodynamic approach is proposed for predicting the dynamics of communicable epidemics assumed to be governed by controlling efforts of multiple scales so that an entropy is associated with the system. All the epidemic details are factored into a single and time-dependent coefficient, the functional form of this coefficient is found through four constraints, including notably the existence of an inflexion point and a maximum. The model is solved to give a log-normal distribution for the spread rate, for which a Shannon entropy can be defined. The only parameter, that characterizes the width of the distribution function, is uniquely determined through maximizing the rate of entropy production. This entropy-based thermodynamic (EBT) model predicts the number of hospitalized cases with a reasonable accuracy for SARS in the year 2003. This EBT model can be of use for potential epidemics such as avian influenza and H7N9 in China.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>epidemics</kwd>
<kwd>entropy</kwd>
<kwd>inflexion point</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group>
<custom-meta>
<meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn>
<p>Recommended by SHE ZhenSu (Associate Editor)</p>
</fn>
</fn-group>
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