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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Critical Care Pandemic Preparedness Primer</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmc">7120443</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120443</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7120443</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/978-0-387-49518-7_91</idno><idno type="pmid">NONE</idno><date when="2007">2007</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000077</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000077</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Critical Care Pandemic Preparedness Primer</title></analytic><series><title level="j">Intensive Care Medicine</title><imprint><date when="2007">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The first half decade of the 21<sup>st</sup> century has brought with it infectious outbreaks such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>], bioterrorism attacks with anthrax [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>], and the spread of H5N1 influenza A in birds across Asia and Europe [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>] sparking concerns reminiscent of the days of the Black Plague. These events, in the context of an instantaneous global-media world, have placed an unprecedented emphasis on preparing for a human influenza pandemic [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR5">5</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">6</xref>]. Although some argue that the media have exaggerated the threat, the warnings of an impending pandemic are not without foundation given the history of past influenza pandemics [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR7">7</xref>], incidence of H5N1 infections among humans [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR8">8</xref>], and the potential impact of a pandemic. Reports of the 1918 pandemic vary, but most suggested that approximately one third of the world’s population was infected with 50 to 100 million deaths [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR9">9</xref>]. Computer modeling of a moderate pandemic, less severe then in 1918, in the province of Ontario, Canada predicts 73,252 admissions of influenza patients to hospitals over a 6-week period utilizing 72% of the hospital capacity, 171% of intensive care unit (ICU) capacity, and 118% of current ventilator capacity. Pandemic modeling by the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society also showed that critical care resources would be overwhelmed by even a moderate pandemic [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR10">10</xref>]. This chapter will provide intensivists with a review of the basic scientific and clinical aspects of influenza as well as an introduction to pandemic preparedness.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Christian, M D" uniqKey="Christian M">M.D. Christian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poutanen, S M" uniqKey="Poutanen S">S.M. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">978-0-387-49518-7</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-0-387-49518-7</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Intensive Care Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Intensive Care Medicine</journal-title><journal-subtitle>Annual Update 2007</journal-subtitle></journal-title-group><isbn publication-format="print">978-0-387-49517-0</isbn><isbn publication-format="electronic">978-0-387-49518-7</isbn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7120443</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">91</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-0-387-49518-7_91</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Critical Care Pandemic Preparedness Primer</article-title></title-group><contrib-group content-type="book editors"><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Vincent</surname><given-names>Jean-Louis</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD, FCCM, FCCP</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8767.e</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2290 8069</institution-id><institution>Department of Intensive Care Erasme Hospital,</institution><institution>Free University of Brussels,</institution></institution-wrap>Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Christian</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lapinsky</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stewart</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.25073.33</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000419368227</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care,</institution><institution>McMaster University,</institution></institution-wrap>1280 Main Street, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8 Canada</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.416166.2</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404739881</institution-id><institution>Department of Intensive Care,</institution><institution>Mount Sinai Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2007</year></pub-date><fpage>999</fpage><lpage>1010</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© Springer Science + Business Media Inc. 2007</copyright-statement><license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><p>The first half decade of the 21<sup>st</sup> century has brought with it infectious outbreaks such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>], bioterrorism attacks with anthrax [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>], and the spread of H5N1 influenza A in birds across Asia and Europe [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>] sparking concerns reminiscent of the days of the Black Plague. These events, in the context of an instantaneous global-media world, have placed an unprecedented emphasis on preparing for a human influenza pandemic [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR5">5</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">6</xref>]. Although some argue that the media have exaggerated the threat, the warnings of an impending pandemic are not without foundation given the history of past influenza pandemics [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR7">7</xref>], incidence of H5N1 infections among humans [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR8">8</xref>], and the potential impact of a pandemic. Reports of the 1918 pandemic vary, but most suggested that approximately one third of the world’s population was infected with 50 to 100 million deaths [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR9">9</xref>]. Computer modeling of a moderate pandemic, less severe then in 1918, in the province of Ontario, Canada predicts 73,252 admissions of influenza patients to hospitals over a 6-week period utilizing 72% of the hospital capacity, 171% of intensive care unit (ICU) capacity, and 118% of current ventilator capacity. Pandemic modeling by the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society also showed that critical care resources would be overwhelmed by even a moderate pandemic [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR10">10</xref>]. This chapter will provide intensivists with a review of the basic scientific and clinical aspects of influenza as well as an introduction to pandemic preparedness.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Health Care Worker</kwd><kwd>Sequential Organ Failure Assessment</kwd><kwd>Avian Influenza</kwd><kwd>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</kwd><kwd>Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© Springer Science + Business Media Inc. 2007</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list id="Bib1"><title>References</title><ref id="CR1"><label>1.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group 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