Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus ORF8 Protein Is Acquired from SARS-Related Coronavirus from Greater Horseshoe Bats through Recombination
Identifieur interne : 000006 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000005; suivant : 000007Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus ORF8 Protein Is Acquired from SARS-Related Coronavirus from Greater Horseshoe Bats through Recombination
Auteurs : Susanna K. P. Lau ; Yun Feng ; Honglin Chen ; Hayes K. H. Luk ; Wei-Hong Yang ; Kenneth S. M. Li ; Yu-Zhen Zhang ; Yi Huang ; Zhi-Zhong Song ; Wang-Ngai Chow ; Rachel Y. Y. Fan ; Syed Shakeel Ahmed ; Hazel C. Yeung ; Carol S. F. Lam ; Jian-Piao Cai ; Samson S. Y. Wong ; Jasper F. W. Chan ; Kwok-Yung Yuen ; Hai-Lin Zhang ; Patrick C. Y. WooSource :
- Journal of Virology [ 0022-538X ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Despite the identification of horseshoe bats as the reservoir of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs), the origin of SARS-CoV ORF8, which contains the 29-nucleotide signature deletion among human strains, remains obscure. Although two SARS-related
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DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01048-15
PubMed: 26269185
PubMed Central: 4580176
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus ORF8 Protein Is Acquired from SARS-Related Coronavirus from Greater Horseshoe Bats through Recombination</title><author><name sortKey="Lau, Susanna K P" sort="Lau, Susanna K P" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna K. P." last="Lau">Susanna K. P. Lau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, Yun" sort="Feng, Yun" uniqKey="Feng Y" first="Yun" last="Feng">Yun Feng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Honglin" sort="Chen, Honglin" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Honglin" last="Chen">Honglin Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luk, Hayes K H" sort="Luk, Hayes K H" uniqKey="Luk H" first="Hayes K. H." last="Luk">Hayes K. H. Luk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Wei Hong" sort="Yang, Wei Hong" uniqKey="Yang W" first="Wei-Hong" last="Yang">Wei-Hong Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Kenneth S M" sort="Li, Kenneth S M" uniqKey="Li K" first="Kenneth S. M." last="Li">Kenneth S. M. Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yu Zhen" sort="Zhang, Yu Zhen" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yu-Zhen" last="Zhang">Yu-Zhen Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Yi" sort="Huang, Yi" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yi" last="Huang">Yi Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Zhi Zhong" sort="Song, Zhi Zhong" uniqKey="Song Z" first="Zhi-Zhong" last="Song">Zhi-Zhong Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chow, Wang Ngai" sort="Chow, Wang Ngai" uniqKey="Chow W" first="Wang-Ngai" last="Chow">Wang-Ngai Chow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Rachel Y Y" sort="Fan, Rachel Y Y" uniqKey="Fan R" first="Rachel Y. Y." last="Fan">Rachel Y. Y. Fan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Syed Shakeel" sort="Ahmed, Syed Shakeel" uniqKey="Ahmed S" first="Syed Shakeel" last="Ahmed">Syed Shakeel Ahmed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yeung, Hazel C" sort="Yeung, Hazel C" uniqKey="Yeung H" first="Hazel C." last="Yeung">Hazel C. Yeung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, Carol S F" sort="Lam, Carol S F" uniqKey="Lam C" first="Carol S. F." last="Lam">Carol S. F. Lam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, Jian Piao" sort="Cai, Jian Piao" uniqKey="Cai J" first="Jian-Piao" last="Cai">Jian-Piao Cai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Samson S Y" sort="Wong, Samson S Y" uniqKey="Wong S" first="Samson S. Y." last="Wong">Samson S. Y. Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Jasper F W" sort="Chan, Jasper F W" uniqKey="Chan J" first="Jasper F. W." last="Chan">Jasper F. W. Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Hai Lin" sort="Zhang, Hai Lin" uniqKey="Zhang H" first="Hai-Lin" last="Zhang">Hai-Lin Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woo, Patrick C Y" sort="Woo, Patrick C Y" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick C. Y." last="Woo">Patrick C. Y. Woo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26269185</idno><idno type="pmc">4580176</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580176</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4580176</idno><idno type="doi">10.1128/JVI.01048-15</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000006</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000006</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus ORF8 Protein Is Acquired from SARS-Related Coronavirus from Greater Horseshoe Bats through Recombination</title><author><name sortKey="Lau, Susanna K P" sort="Lau, Susanna K P" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna K. P." last="Lau">Susanna K. P. Lau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, Yun" sort="Feng, Yun" uniqKey="Feng Y" first="Yun" last="Feng">Yun Feng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Honglin" sort="Chen, Honglin" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Honglin" last="Chen">Honglin Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luk, Hayes K H" sort="Luk, Hayes K H" uniqKey="Luk H" first="Hayes K. H." last="Luk">Hayes K. H. Luk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Wei Hong" sort="Yang, Wei Hong" uniqKey="Yang W" first="Wei-Hong" last="Yang">Wei-Hong Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Kenneth S M" sort="Li, Kenneth S M" uniqKey="Li K" first="Kenneth S. M." last="Li">Kenneth S. M. Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yu Zhen" sort="Zhang, Yu Zhen" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yu-Zhen" last="Zhang">Yu-Zhen Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Yi" sort="Huang, Yi" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yi" last="Huang">Yi Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Zhi Zhong" sort="Song, Zhi Zhong" uniqKey="Song Z" first="Zhi-Zhong" last="Song">Zhi-Zhong Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chow, Wang Ngai" sort="Chow, Wang Ngai" uniqKey="Chow W" first="Wang-Ngai" last="Chow">Wang-Ngai Chow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Rachel Y Y" sort="Fan, Rachel Y Y" uniqKey="Fan R" first="Rachel Y. Y." last="Fan">Rachel Y. Y. Fan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Syed Shakeel" sort="Ahmed, Syed Shakeel" uniqKey="Ahmed S" first="Syed Shakeel" last="Ahmed">Syed Shakeel Ahmed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yeung, Hazel C" sort="Yeung, Hazel C" uniqKey="Yeung H" first="Hazel C." last="Yeung">Hazel C. Yeung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, Carol S F" sort="Lam, Carol S F" uniqKey="Lam C" first="Carol S. F." last="Lam">Carol S. F. Lam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, Jian Piao" sort="Cai, Jian Piao" uniqKey="Cai J" first="Jian-Piao" last="Cai">Jian-Piao Cai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Samson S Y" sort="Wong, Samson S Y" uniqKey="Wong S" first="Samson S. Y." last="Wong">Samson S. Y. Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Jasper F W" sort="Chan, Jasper F W" uniqKey="Chan J" first="Jasper F. W." last="Chan">Jasper F. W. Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Hai Lin" sort="Zhang, Hai Lin" uniqKey="Zhang H" first="Hai-Lin" last="Zhang">Hai-Lin Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woo, Patrick C Y" sort="Woo, Patrick C Y" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick C. Y." last="Woo">Patrick C. Y. Woo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Virology</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-538X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1098-5514</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>ABSTRACT</title><p>Despite the identification of horseshoe bats as the reservoir of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs), the origin of SARS-CoV ORF8, which contains the 29-nucleotide signature deletion among human strains, remains obscure. Although two SARS-related <named-content content-type="genus-species">Rhinolophus sinicus</named-content> bat CoVs (SARSr-Rs-BatCoVs) previously detected in Chinese horseshoe bats (<named-content content-type="genus-species">Rhinolophus sinicus</named-content>) in Yunnan, RsSHC014 and Rs3367, possessed 95% genome identities to human and civet SARSr-CoVs, their ORF8 protein exhibited only 32.2 to 33% amino acid identities to that of human/civet SARSr-CoVs. To elucidate the origin of SARS-CoV ORF8, we sampled 348 bats of various species in Yunnan, among which diverse alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses, including potentially novel CoVs, were identified, with some showing potential interspecies transmission. The genomes of two betacoronaviruses, SARSr-Rf-BatCoV YNLF_31C and YNLF_34C, from greater horseshoe bats (<named-content content-type="genus-species">Rhinolophus ferrumequinum</named-content>), possessed 93% nucleotide identities to human/civet SARSr-CoV genomes. Although these two betacoronaviruses displayed lower similarities than SARSr-Rs-BatCoV RsSHC014 and Rs3367 in S protein to civet SARSr-CoVs, their ORF8 proteins demonstrated exceptionally high (80.4 to 81.3%) amino acid identities to that of human/civet SARSr-CoVs, compared to SARSr-BatCoVs from other horseshoe bats (23.2 to 37.3%). Potential recombination events were identified around ORF8 between SARSr-Rf-BatCoVs and SARSr-Rs-BatCoVs, leading to the generation of civet SARSr-CoVs. The expression of ORF8 subgenomic mRNA suggested that the ORF8 protein may be functional in SARSr-Rf-BatCoVs. The high <italic>K<sub>a</sub></italic>/<italic>K<sub>s</sub></italic> ratio among human SARS-CoVs compared to that among SARSr-BatCoVs supported that ORF8 is under strong positive selection during animal-to-human transmission. Molecular clock analysis using ORF1ab showed that SARSr-Rf-BatCoV YNLF_31C and YNLF_34C diverged from civet/human SARSr-CoVs in approximately 1990. SARS-CoV ORF8 originated from SARSr-CoVs of greater horseshoe bats through recombination, which may be important for animal-to-human transmission.</p><p><bold>IMPORTANCE</bold> Although horseshoe bats are the primary reservoir of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs), it is still unclear how these bat viruses have evolved to cross the species barrier to infect civets and humans. Most human SARS-CoV epidemic strains contain a signature 29-nucleotide deletion in ORF8, compared to civet SARSr-CoVs, suggesting that ORF8 may be important for interspecies transmission. However, the origin of SARS-CoV ORF8 remains obscure. In particular, SARSr-Rs-BatCoVs from Chinese horseshoe bats (<named-content content-type="genus-species">Rhinolophus sinicus</named-content>) exhibited <40% amino acid identities to human/civet SARS-CoV in the ORF8 protein. We detected diverse alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses among various bat species in Yunnan, China, including two SARSr-Rf-BatCoVs from greater horseshoe bats that possessed ORF8 proteins with exceptionally high amino acid identities to that of human/civet SARSr-CoVs. We demonstrated recombination events around ORF8 between SARSr-Rf-BatCoVs and SARSr-Rs-BatCoVs, leading to the generation of civet SARSr-CoVs. Our findings offer insight into the evolutionary origin of SARS-CoV ORF8 protein, which was likely acquired from SARSr-CoVs of greater horseshoe bats through recombination.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Virol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J. Virol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jvi</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">jvi</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JVI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Virology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-538X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1098-5514</issn><publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Microbiology</publisher-name><publisher-loc>1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26269185</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4580176</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">01048-15</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JVI.01048-15</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Genetic Diversity and Evolution</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus ORF8 Protein Is Acquired from SARS-Related Coronavirus from Greater Horseshoe Bats through Recombination</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Origin of SARS Coronavirus ORF8</alt-title><alt-title alt-title-type="short-authors">Lau et al.</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lau</surname><given-names>Susanna K. P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Feng</surname><given-names>Yun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Honglin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luk</surname><given-names>Hayes K. H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Wei-Hong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Kenneth S. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Yu-Zhen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Yi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Song</surname><given-names>Zhi-Zhong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chow</surname><given-names>Wang-Ngai</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fan</surname><given-names>Rachel Y. Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ahmed</surname><given-names>Syed Shakeel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yeung</surname><given-names>Hazel C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lam</surname><given-names>Carol S. F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cai</surname><given-names>Jian-Piao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>Samson S. Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>Jasper F. W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yuen</surname><given-names>Kwok-Yung</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Hai-Lin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Woo</surname><given-names>Patrick C. Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>d</label>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</aff><aff id="aff5"><label>e</label>Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</aff><aff id="aff6"><label>f</label>Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, China</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Perlman</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><role>Editor</role></contrib></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Address correspondence to Patrick C. Y. Woo, <email>pcywoo@hku.hk</email>, or Hai-Lin Zhang, <email>zhangHL715@163.com</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="equal"><p>S.K.P.L., Y.F., and H.C. contributed equally to the manuscript.</p></fn><fn fn-type="other"><p><bold>Citation</bold> Lau SKP, Feng Y, Chen H, Luk HKH, Yang W-H, Li KSM, Zhang Y-Z, Huang Y, Song Z-Z, Chow W-N, Fan RYY, Ahmed SS, Yeung HC, Lam CSF, Cai J-P, Wong SSY, Chan JFW, Yuen K-Y, Zhang H-L, Woo PCY. 2015. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus ORF8 protein is acquired from SARS-related coronavirus from greater horseshoe bats through recombination. J Virol 89:10532–10547. doi:<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01048-15">10.1128/JVI.01048-15</ext-link>.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>8</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>89</volume><issue>20</issue><fpage>10532</fpage><lpage>10547</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>9</day><month>5</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>1</day><month>8</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>American Society for Microbiology</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="zjv02015010532.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><title>ABSTRACT</title><p>Despite the identification of horseshoe bats as the reservoir of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs), the origin of SARS-CoV ORF8, which contains the 29-nucleotide signature deletion among human strains, remains obscure. Although two SARS-related <named-content content-type="genus-species">Rhinolophus sinicus</named-content> bat CoVs (SARSr-Rs-BatCoVs) previously detected in Chinese horseshoe bats (<named-content content-type="genus-species">Rhinolophus sinicus</named-content>) in Yunnan, RsSHC014 and Rs3367, possessed 95% genome identities to human and civet SARSr-CoVs, their ORF8 protein exhibited only 32.2 to 33% amino acid identities to that of human/civet SARSr-CoVs. To elucidate the origin of SARS-CoV ORF8, we sampled 348 bats of various species in Yunnan, among which diverse alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses, including potentially novel CoVs, were identified, with some showing potential interspecies transmission. The genomes of two betacoronaviruses, SARSr-Rf-BatCoV YNLF_31C and YNLF_34C, from greater horseshoe bats (<named-content content-type="genus-species">Rhinolophus ferrumequinum</named-content>), possessed 93% nucleotide identities to human/civet SARSr-CoV genomes. Although these two betacoronaviruses displayed lower similarities than SARSr-Rs-BatCoV RsSHC014 and Rs3367 in S protein to civet SARSr-CoVs, their ORF8 proteins demonstrated exceptionally high (80.4 to 81.3%) amino acid identities to that of human/civet SARSr-CoVs, compared to SARSr-BatCoVs from other horseshoe bats (23.2 to 37.3%). Potential recombination events were identified around ORF8 between SARSr-Rf-BatCoVs and SARSr-Rs-BatCoVs, leading to the generation of civet SARSr-CoVs. The expression of ORF8 subgenomic mRNA suggested that the ORF8 protein may be functional in SARSr-Rf-BatCoVs. The high <italic>K<sub>a</sub></italic>/<italic>K<sub>s</sub></italic> ratio among human SARS-CoVs compared to that among SARSr-BatCoVs supported that ORF8 is under strong positive selection during animal-to-human transmission. Molecular clock analysis using ORF1ab showed that SARSr-Rf-BatCoV YNLF_31C and YNLF_34C diverged from civet/human SARSr-CoVs in approximately 1990. SARS-CoV ORF8 originated from SARSr-CoVs of greater horseshoe bats through recombination, which may be important for animal-to-human transmission.</p><p><bold>IMPORTANCE</bold> Although horseshoe bats are the primary reservoir of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs), it is still unclear how these bat viruses have evolved to cross the species barrier to infect civets and humans. Most human SARS-CoV epidemic strains contain a signature 29-nucleotide deletion in ORF8, compared to civet SARSr-CoVs, suggesting that ORF8 may be important for interspecies transmission. However, the origin of SARS-CoV ORF8 remains obscure. In particular, SARSr-Rs-BatCoVs from Chinese horseshoe bats (<named-content content-type="genus-species">Rhinolophus sinicus</named-content>) exhibited <40% amino acid identities to human/civet SARS-CoV in the ORF8 protein. We detected diverse alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses among various bat species in Yunnan, China, including two SARSr-Rf-BatCoVs from greater horseshoe bats that possessed ORF8 proteins with exceptionally high amino acid identities to that of human/civet SARSr-CoVs. We demonstrated recombination events around ORF8 between SARSr-Rf-BatCoVs and SARSr-Rs-BatCoVs, leading to the generation of civet SARSr-CoVs. Our findings offer insight into the evolutionary origin of SARS-CoV ORF8 protein, which was likely acquired from SARSr-CoVs of greater horseshoe bats through recombination.</p></abstract><counts><fig-count count="7"></fig-count><table-count count="3"></table-count><equation-count count="0"></equation-count><ref-count count="72"></ref-count><page-count count="16"></page-count><word-count count="11427"></word-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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