Health risks at the Hajj
Identifieur interne : 001120 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001119; suivant : 001121Health risks at the Hajj
Auteurs : Qanta A. Ahmed [États-Unis] ; Yaseen M. Arabi [Arabie saoudite] ; Ziad A. Memish [Arabie saoudite]Source :
- Lancet (London, England) [ 0140-6736 ] ; 2006.
Abstract
Annually, millions of Muslims embark on a religious pilgrimage called the “Hajj” to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. The mass migration during the Hajj is unparalleled in scale, and pilgrims face numerous health hazards. The extreme congestion of people and vehicles during this time amplifies health risks, such as those from infectious diseases, that vary each year. Since the Hajj is dictated by the lunar calendar, which is shorter than the Gregorian calendar, it presents public-health policy planners with a moving target, demanding constant preparedness. We review the communicable and non-communicable hazards that pilgrims face. With the rise in global travel, preventing disease transmission has become paramount to avoid the spread of infectious diseases, including SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), avian influenza, and haemorrhagic fever. We examine the response of clinicians, the Saudi Ministry of Health, and Hajj authorities to these unique problems, and list health recommendations for prospective pilgrims.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68429-8
PubMed: 16564364
PubMed Central: 7137144
Affiliations:
- Arabie saoudite, États-Unis
- Caroline du Sud
- Columbia (Caroline du Sud)
- Université de Caroline du Sud
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:7137144Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Health risks at the Hajj</title><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Qanta A" sort="Ahmed, Qanta A" uniqKey="Ahmed Q" first="Qanta A" last="Ahmed">Qanta A. Ahmed</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Sud</region><settlement type="city">Columbia (Caroline du Sud)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Caroline du Sud</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arabi, Yaseen M" sort="Arabi, Yaseen M" uniqKey="Arabi Y" first="Yaseen M" last="Arabi">Yaseen M. Arabi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A" last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Internal Medicine Department and Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, PO Box 22490, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Internal Medicine Department and Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, PO Box 22490, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh 11426</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11426</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">16564364</idno><idno type="pmc">7137144</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7137144</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7137144</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68429-8</idno><date when="2006">2006</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001859</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001859</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001859</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001859</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001120</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001120</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Health risks at the Hajj</title><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Qanta A" sort="Ahmed, Qanta A" uniqKey="Ahmed Q" first="Qanta A" last="Ahmed">Qanta A. Ahmed</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Sud</region><settlement type="city">Columbia (Caroline du Sud)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Caroline du Sud</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arabi, Yaseen M" sort="Arabi, Yaseen M" uniqKey="Arabi Y" first="Yaseen M" last="Arabi">Yaseen M. Arabi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A" last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Internal Medicine Department and Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, PO Box 22490, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Internal Medicine Department and Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, PO Box 22490, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh 11426</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11426</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Lancet (London, England)</title><idno type="ISSN">0140-6736</idno><idno type="eISSN">1474-547X</idno><imprint><date when="2006">2006</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Summary</title><p>Annually, millions of Muslims embark on a religious pilgrimage called the “Hajj” to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. The mass migration during the Hajj is unparalleled in scale, and pilgrims face numerous health hazards. The extreme congestion of people and vehicles during this time amplifies health risks, such as those from infectious diseases, that vary each year. Since the Hajj is dictated by the lunar calendar, which is shorter than the Gregorian calendar, it presents public-health policy planners with a moving target, demanding constant preparedness. We review the communicable and non-communicable hazards that pilgrims face. With the rise in global travel, preventing disease transmission has become paramount to avoid the spread of infectious diseases, including SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), avian influenza, and haemorrhagic fever. We examine the response of clinicians, the Saudi Ministry of Health, and Hajj authorities to these unique problems, and list health recommendations for prospective pilgrims.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Venkatesh, S" uniqKey="Venkatesh S">S Venkatesh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Qa" uniqKey="Ahmed Q">QA Ahmed</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gatrad, Ar" uniqKey="Gatrad A">AR Gatrad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, A" uniqKey="Sheikh A">A Sheikh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shafi, S" uniqKey="Shafi S">S Shafi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gatrad, Ar" uniqKey="Gatrad A">AR Gatrad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, A" uniqKey="Sheikh A">A Sheikh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Gahtani, Ym" uniqKey="Al Gahtani Y">YM Al-Gahtani</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Bushra, He" uniqKey="El Bushra H">HE El bushra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Qarawai, Sm" uniqKey="Al Qarawai S">SM Al-Qarawai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Zubaidi, Aa" uniqKey="Al Zubaidi A">AA Al-Zubaidi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fontaine, Re" uniqKey="Fontaine R">RE Fontaine</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilder Smith, A" uniqKey="Wilder Smith A">A Wilder-Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Mazrou, Yy" uniqKey="Al Mazrou Y">YY Al-Mazrou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Jeffri, Mh" uniqKey="Al Jeffri M">MH Al-Jeffri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abdalla, Mn" uniqKey="Abdalla M">MN Abdalla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elgizouli, Sa" uniqKey="Elgizouli S">SA Elgizouli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mishskas, Aa" uniqKey="Mishskas A">AA Mishskas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Balkhy, Hh" uniqKey="Balkhy H">HH Balkhy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osoba, Ao" uniqKey="Osoba A">AO Osoba</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Mazrou, Y" uniqKey="Al Mazrou Y">Y Al-Mazrou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khalil, M" uniqKey="Khalil M">M Khalil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Borrow, R" uniqKey="Borrow R">R Borrow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khalil, M" uniqKey="Khalil M">M Khalil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Mazrou, Y" uniqKey="Al Mazrou Y">Y Al-Mazrou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Balmer, P" uniqKey="Balmer P">P Balmer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bramwell, J" uniqKey="Bramwell J">J Bramwell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andrews, N" uniqKey="Andrews N">N Andrews</name></author><author><name sortKey="Borrow, R" uniqKey="Borrow R">R Borrow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jokhdar, H" uniqKey="Jokhdar H">H Jokhdar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Borrow, R" uniqKey="Borrow R">R Borrow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sultan, A" uniqKey="Sultan A">A Sultan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harrison, Lh" uniqKey="Harrison L">LH Harrison</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Ghamdi, Sm" uniqKey="Al Ghamdi S">SM Al-Ghamdi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akbar, Ho" uniqKey="Akbar H">HO Akbar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qari, Ya" uniqKey="Qari Y">YA Qari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fathaldin, Oa" uniqKey="Fathaldin O">OA Fathaldin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Rashed, Rs" uniqKey="Al Rashed R">RS Al-Rashed</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="El Sheikh, Sm" uniqKey="El Sheikh S">SM El-Sheikh</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Assouli, Sm" uniqKey="El Assouli S">SM El-Assouli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammed, Ka" uniqKey="Mohammed K">KA Mohammed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Albar, M" uniqKey="Albar M">M Albar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Whitney, Cg" uniqKey="Whitney C">CG Whitney</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alzeer, A" uniqKey="Alzeer A">A Alzeer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mashlah, A" uniqKey="Mashlah A">A Mashlah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fakim, N" uniqKey="Fakim N">N Fakim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilder Smith, A" uniqKey="Wilder Smith A">A Wilder-Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Foo, W" uniqKey="Foo W">W Foo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Earnest, A" uniqKey="Earnest A">A Earnest</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paton, Ni" uniqKey="Paton N">NI Paton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Jahdali, H" uniqKey="Al Jahdali H">H Al-Jahdali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menzies, D" uniqKey="Menzies D">D Menzies</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Jahdali, H" uniqKey="Al Jahdali H">H Al-Jahdali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Z" uniqKey="Memish Z">Z Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menzies, D" uniqKey="Menzies D">D Menzies</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnston, Vj" uniqKey="Johnston V">VJ Johnston</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grant, Dg" uniqKey="Grant D">DG Grant</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mazurek, Gh" uniqKey="Mazurek G">GH Mazurek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jereb, J" uniqKey="Jereb J">J Jereb</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lobue, P" uniqKey="Lobue P">P Lobue</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iademarco, Mf" uniqKey="Iademarco M">MF Iademarco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mertchok, B" uniqKey="Mertchok B">B Mertchok</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vernon, A" uniqKey="Vernon A">A Vernon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khan, My" uniqKey="Khan M">MY Khan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kinsara, Aj" uniqKey="Kinsara A">AJ Kinsara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osoba, Ao" uniqKey="Osoba A">AO Osoba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wali, S" uniqKey="Wali S">S Wali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Samman, Y" uniqKey="Samman Y">Y Samman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Z" uniqKey="Memish Z">Z Memish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Kassimi, Fa" uniqKey="Al Kassimi F">FA Al-Kassimi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abdullah, Ak" uniqKey="Abdullah A">AK Abdullah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Hajjaj, Ms" uniqKey="Al Hajjaj M">MS Al-Hajjaj</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Orainey, Io" uniqKey="Al Orainey I">IO Al-Orainey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bamgboye, Ea" uniqKey="Bamgboye E">EA Bamgboye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chowdhury, Mn" uniqKey="Chowdhury M">MN Chowdhury</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Qa" uniqKey="Ahmed Q">QA Ahmed</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Driver, Cr" uniqKey="Driver C">CR Driver</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valway, Se" uniqKey="Valway S">SE Valway</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morgan, Wm" uniqKey="Morgan W">WM Morgan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Onorato, Im" uniqKey="Onorato I">IM Onorato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Castro, Kg" uniqKey="Castro K">KG Castro</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ormerod, P" uniqKey="Ormerod P">P Ormerod</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kenyon, T" uniqKey="Kenyon T">T Kenyon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valway, Se" uniqKey="Valway S">SE Valway</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ihle, Ww" uniqKey="Ihle W">WW Ihle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Onorato, Im" uniqKey="Onorato I">IM Onorato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Castro, Kg" uniqKey="Castro K">KG Castro</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcfarland, Jw" uniqKey="Mcfarland J">JW McFarland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hickman, C" uniqKey="Hickman C">C Hickman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterholm, M" uniqKey="Osterholm M">M Osterholm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Macdonald, Kl" uniqKey="Macdonald K">KL MacDonald</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Balkhy, Hh" uniqKey="Balkhy H">HH Balkhy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bafaqeer, S" uniqKey="Bafaqeer S">S Bafaqeer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Almuneef, Ma" uniqKey="Almuneef M">MA Almuneef</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Freedman, Do" uniqKey="Freedman D">DO Freedman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leder, K" uniqKey="Leder K">K Leder</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mustafa, An" uniqKey="Mustafa A">AN Mustafa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gessner, Bd" uniqKey="Gessner B">BD Gessner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ismail, R" uniqKey="Ismail R">R Ismail</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Shehry, Am" uniqKey="Al Shehry A">AM Al-Shehry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Khan, Aa" uniqKey="Al Khan A">AA Al-Khan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilder Smith, A" uniqKey="Wilder Smith A">A Wilder-Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Earnest, A" uniqKey="Earnest A">A Earnest</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ravindran, S" uniqKey="Ravindran S">S Ravindran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paton, Ni" uniqKey="Paton N">NI Paton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ghaznawi, Hi" uniqKey="Ghaznawi H">HI Ghaznawi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khalil, Mh" uniqKey="Khalil M">MH Khalil</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Onishchenko, Gg" uniqKey="Onishchenko G">GG Onishchenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lomov Iu, M" uniqKey="Lomov Iu M">M Lomov Iu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moskvitina, Ea" uniqKey="Moskvitina E">EA Moskvitina</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Onishchenko, Gg" uniqKey="Onishchenko G">GG Onishchenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lomov Iu, M" uniqKey="Lomov Iu M">M Lomov Iu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moskvitina, Ea" uniqKey="Moskvitina E">EA Moskvitina</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eltahawy, At" uniqKey="Eltahawy A">AT Eltahawy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiman Fatani, Aa" uniqKey="Jiman Fatani A">AA Jiman-Fatani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Alawi, Mm" uniqKey="Al Alawi M">MM Al-Alawi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bubshait, Sa" uniqKey="Bubshait S">SA Bubshait</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Turki, K" uniqKey="Al Turki K">K Al-Turki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qadri, Mh" uniqKey="Qadri M">MH Qadri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fontaine, Re" uniqKey="Fontaine R">RE Fontaine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cameron, D" uniqKey="Cameron D">D Cameron</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tufenkeji, H" uniqKey="Tufenkeji H">H Tufenkeji</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Z" uniqKey="Memish Z">Z Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qasim, L" uniqKey="Qasim L">L Qasim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abed, E" uniqKey="Abed E">E Abed</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Mazrou, Yy" uniqKey="Al Mazrou Y">YY Al-Mazrou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oni, Ga" uniqKey="Oni G">GA Oni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bannatyne, Rm" uniqKey="Bannatyne R">RM Bannatyne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qasem, L" uniqKey="Qasem L">L Qasem</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Abri, Ss" uniqKey="Al Abri S">SS Al-Abri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beeching, Nj" uniqKey="Beeching N">NJ Beeching</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nye, Fj" uniqKey="Nye F">FJ Nye</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ericsson, C" uniqKey="Ericsson C">C Ericsson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fatani, Mi" uniqKey="Fatani M">MI Fatani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bukhari, Sz" uniqKey="Bukhari S">SZ Bukhari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Afif, Ka" uniqKey="Al Afif K">KA Al-Afif</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karima, Tm" uniqKey="Karima T">TM Karima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abdulghani, Mr" uniqKey="Abdulghani M">MR Abdulghani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Kaltham, Mi" uniqKey="Al Kaltham M">MI Al-Kaltham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fatani, Mi" uniqKey="Fatani M">MI Fatani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Afif, Ka" uniqKey="Al Afif K">KA Al-Afif</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hussain, H" uniqKey="Hussain H">H Hussain</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Qattan, Mm" uniqKey="Al Qattan M">MM Al-Qattan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fried, M" uniqKey="Fried M">M Fried</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kahanovitz, S" uniqKey="Kahanovitz S">S Kahanovitz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dagan, R" uniqKey="Dagan R">R Dagan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hawary, Mb" uniqKey="Hawary M">MB Hawary</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hassanain, Jm" uniqKey="Hassanain J">JM Hassanain</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Rasheed, Sk" uniqKey="Al Rasheed S">SK Al-Rasheed</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gatrad, Ar" uniqKey="Gatrad A">AR Gatrad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, A" uniqKey="Sheikh A">A Sheikh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Salama, Aa" uniqKey="Al Salama A">AA Al-Salama</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Bushra, He" uniqKey="El Bushra H">HE El-Bushra</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Turkistani, A" uniqKey="Turkistani A">A Turkistani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Rumikhan, A" uniqKey="Al Rumikhan A">A Al-Rumikhan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mustafa, T" uniqKey="Mustafa T">T Mustafa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Flick, R" uniqKey="Flick R">R Flick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bouloy, M" uniqKey="Bouloy M">M Bouloy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Hazmi, M" uniqKey="Al Hazmi M">M Al-Hazmi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ayoola, Ea" uniqKey="Ayoola E">EA Ayoola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abdulrahman, M" uniqKey="Abdulrahman M">M Abdulrahman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Balkhy, Hh" uniqKey="Balkhy H">HH Balkhy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jup, Pg" uniqKey="Jup P">PG Jup</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kemp, A" uniqKey="Kemp A">A Kemp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grobbelaar, A" uniqKey="Grobbelaar A">A Grobbelaar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fagbo, Sf" uniqKey="Fagbo S">SF Fagbo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Am" uniqKey="Zaki A">AM Zaki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Z" uniqKey="Memish Z">Z Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Balkhy, Hh" uniqKey="Balkhy H">HH Balkhy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Francis, C" uniqKey="Francis C">C Francis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Charrel, Rn" uniqKey="Charrel R">RN Charrel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Am" uniqKey="Zaki A">AM Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Attoui, H" uniqKey="Attoui H">H Attoui</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Madani, Ta" uniqKey="Madani T">TA Madani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Macdonald, R" uniqKey="Macdonald R">R Macdonald</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilder Smith, A" uniqKey="Wilder Smith A">A Wilder-Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Freedman, Do" uniqKey="Freedman D">DO Freedman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vankatesh, S" uniqKey="Vankatesh S">S Vankatesh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Z" uniqKey="Memish Z">Z Memish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Madani, Ta" uniqKey="Madani T">TA Madani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Z" uniqKey="Memish Z">Z Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilder Smith, A" uniqKey="Wilder Smith A">A Wilder-Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chotpitayasunondh, T" uniqKey="Chotpitayasunondh T">T Chotpitayasunondh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ungchusak, K" uniqKey="Ungchusak K">K Ungchusak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hanshaoworakul, W" uniqKey="Hanshaoworakul W">W Hanshaoworakul</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ku, As" uniqKey="Ku A">AS Ku</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Lt" uniqKey="Chan L">LT Chan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mounts, Aw" uniqKey="Mounts A">AW Mounts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kwong, H" uniqKey="Kwong H">H Kwong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Izurieta, Hs" uniqKey="Izurieta H">HS Izurieta</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beigel, Jh" uniqKey="Beigel J">JH Beigel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farrar, J" uniqKey="Farrar J">J Farrar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Am" uniqKey="Han A">AM Han</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Harthi, As" uniqKey="Al Harthi A">AS Al-Harthi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Harbi, M" uniqKey="Al Harbi M">M Al-Harbi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bener, A" uniqKey="Bener A">A Bener</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jadaan, Ks" uniqKey="Jadaan K">KS Jadaan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ansari, S" uniqKey="Ansari S">S Ansari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akhdar, F" uniqKey="Akhdar F">F Akhdar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mandoorah, M" uniqKey="Mandoorah M">M Mandoorah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moutaery, K" uniqKey="Moutaery K">K Moutaery</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Helbing, D" uniqKey="Helbing D">D Helbing</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farkas, I" uniqKey="Farkas I">I Farkas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vicesk, T" uniqKey="Vicesk T">T Vicesk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bianchi, Rr" uniqKey="Bianchi R">RR Bianchi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Australia, Em" uniqKey="Australia E">EM Australia</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bouchama, A" uniqKey="Bouchama A">A Bouchama</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knochel, Jp" uniqKey="Knochel J">JP Knochel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Merican, Mi" uniqKey="Merican M">MI Merican</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weiner, Js" uniqKey="Weiner J">JS Weiner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khogali, M" uniqKey="Khogali M">M Khogali</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Claire, B" uniqKey="Claire B">B Claire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rahman, Mm" uniqKey="Rahman M">MM Rahman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Zahrani, S" uniqKey="Al Zahrani S">S Al-Zahrani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Qattan, Mm" uniqKey="Al Qattan M">MM Al-Qattan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Lancet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Lancet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Lancet (London, England)</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0140-6736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1474-547X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">16564364</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7137144</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0140-6736(06)68429-8</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68429-8</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Health risks at the Hajj</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ahmed</surname><given-names>Qanta A</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arabi</surname><given-names>Yaseen M</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>Ziad A</given-names></name><degrees>Prof</degrees><degrees>MD</degrees><email>zmemish@yahoo.com</email><xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref><xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>Internal Medicine Department and Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, PO Box 22490, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>Correspondence to: Prof Ziad A Memish <email>zmemish@yahoo.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>23</day><month>3</month><year>2006</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub" iso-8601-date="2006-03-31"><season>25-31 March</season><year>2006</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>3</month><year>2006</year></pub-date><volume>367</volume><issue>9515</issue><fpage>1008</fpage><lpage>1015</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2006</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Elsevier Ltd</copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><title>Summary</title><p>Annually, millions of Muslims embark on a religious pilgrimage called the “Hajj” to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. The mass migration during the Hajj is unparalleled in scale, and pilgrims face numerous health hazards. The extreme congestion of people and vehicles during this time amplifies health risks, such as those from infectious diseases, that vary each year. Since the Hajj is dictated by the lunar calendar, which is shorter than the Gregorian calendar, it presents public-health policy planners with a moving target, demanding constant preparedness. We review the communicable and non-communicable hazards that pilgrims face. With the rise in global travel, preventing disease transmission has become paramount to avoid the spread of infectious diseases, including SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), avian influenza, and haemorrhagic fever. We examine the response of clinicians, the Saudi Ministry of Health, and Hajj authorities to these unique problems, and list health recommendations for prospective pilgrims.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Arabie saoudite</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Caroline du Sud</li></region><settlement><li>Columbia (Caroline du Sud)</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Caroline du Sud</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Caroline du Sud"><name sortKey="Ahmed, Qanta A" sort="Ahmed, Qanta A" uniqKey="Ahmed Q" first="Qanta A" last="Ahmed">Qanta A. Ahmed</name></region></country><country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Arabi, Yaseen M" sort="Arabi, Yaseen M" uniqKey="Arabi Y" first="Yaseen M" last="Arabi">Yaseen M. Arabi</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A" last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/SrasV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001120 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 001120 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= SrasV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:7137144
|texte= Health risks at the Hajj
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:16564364" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SrasV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |