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The global condition of epidemics: Panoramas in A (H1N1) influenza and their consequences for One World One Health programme

Identifieur interne : 000839 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000838; suivant : 000840

The global condition of epidemics: Panoramas in A (H1N1) influenza and their consequences for One World One Health programme

Auteurs : Francisco Tirado ; Andrés G Mez ; Ver Nica Rocamora

Source :

RBID : PMC:7125774

Abstract

Among the most relevant elements contributing to define the One World One Health programme we find epidemics. The reason is that in recent decades, infectious diseases such as HIV/SIDA, SARS and Influenza have shown that we need new approaches and concepts in order to understand how biological emergencies and health alerts deploy new scales of action. Especially relevant has been the case of A(H1N1) influenza. This reached the status of global threat virtually from its onset, triggering an international response with a diffusion, visibility and rapidity unparalleled in previous health alerts. This article maintains that this global condition cannot be explained solely by the epidemiologic characteristics of the disease, such as mortality rate, severe cases, propagation capacity, etc. Resorting to the approach proposed by the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), this paper suggests that the action of certain socio-technical operators was what built a heterogeneous network of ideas, concepts and materials that turned the A (H1N1) influenza into a global-scale phenomenon with unprecedented speed. Among these operators, the most important ones were: the speaking position, a discourse about threat, the protocols and guidelines that were used and, lastly, the maps that allowed a real-time monitoring of the influenza. The paper ends with the notion of panorama, as defined by Bruno Latour: a suggestion to describe the common denominator of the aforementioned operators, and a means to foresee the development of global scales for certain health alerts. The paper will conclude by proposing that this type of analysis would allow the One World One Health to understand with greater precision the dynamic of epidemics and thus make its principles of action much more specific as well as its definition of what global health should be.


Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.09.003
PubMed: 25218795
PubMed Central: 7125774


Affiliations:


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PMC:7125774

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<p>Among the most relevant elements contributing to define the One World One Health programme we find epidemics. The reason is that in recent decades, infectious diseases such as HIV/SIDA, SARS and Influenza have shown that we need new approaches and concepts in order to understand how biological emergencies and health alerts deploy new scales of action. Especially relevant has been the case of A(H1N1) influenza. This reached the status of global threat virtually from its onset, triggering an international response with a diffusion, visibility and rapidity unparalleled in previous health alerts. This article maintains that this global condition cannot be explained solely by the epidemiologic characteristics of the disease, such as mortality rate, severe cases, propagation capacity, etc. Resorting to the approach proposed by the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), this paper suggests that the action of certain socio-technical operators was what built a heterogeneous network of ideas, concepts and materials that turned the A (H1N1) influenza into a global-scale phenomenon with unprecedented speed. Among these operators, the most important ones were: the speaking position, a discourse about threat, the protocols and guidelines that were used and, lastly, the maps that allowed a real-time monitoring of the influenza. The paper ends with the notion of
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<given-names>Francisco</given-names>
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<email>Franciscojavier.tirado@uab.es</email>
<xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp"></xref>
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<given-names>Andrés</given-names>
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<name>
<surname>Rocamora</surname>
<given-names>Verónica</given-names>
</name>
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</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1">
<label></label>
Corresponding author.
<email>Franciscojavier.tirado@uab.es</email>
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<month>9</month>
<year>2014</year>
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<lpage>122</lpage>
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<copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Elsevier Ltd</copyright-holder>
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<license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="abs0010">
<p>Among the most relevant elements contributing to define the One World One Health programme we find epidemics. The reason is that in recent decades, infectious diseases such as HIV/SIDA, SARS and Influenza have shown that we need new approaches and concepts in order to understand how biological emergencies and health alerts deploy new scales of action. Especially relevant has been the case of A(H1N1) influenza. This reached the status of global threat virtually from its onset, triggering an international response with a diffusion, visibility and rapidity unparalleled in previous health alerts. This article maintains that this global condition cannot be explained solely by the epidemiologic characteristics of the disease, such as mortality rate, severe cases, propagation capacity, etc. Resorting to the approach proposed by the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), this paper suggests that the action of certain socio-technical operators was what built a heterogeneous network of ideas, concepts and materials that turned the A (H1N1) influenza into a global-scale phenomenon with unprecedented speed. Among these operators, the most important ones were: the speaking position, a discourse about threat, the protocols and guidelines that were used and, lastly, the maps that allowed a real-time monitoring of the influenza. The paper ends with the notion of
<italic>panorama</italic>
, as defined by Bruno Latour: a suggestion to describe the common denominator of the aforementioned operators, and a means to foresee the development of global scales for certain health alerts. The paper will conclude by proposing that this type of analysis would allow the One World One Health to understand with greater precision the dynamic of epidemics and thus make its principles of action much more specific as well as its definition of what global health should be.</p>
</abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="author-highlights" id="abs0015">
<title>Highlights</title>
<p>
<list list-type="simple" id="ulist0010">
<list-item id="u0010">
<label></label>
<p id="p0010">We improve knowledge about the global condition of epidemics.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item id="u0015">
<label></label>
<p id="p0015">We offer a new way of viewing epidemics. These are conceptualized as sociotechnical objects.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item id="u0020">
<label></label>
<p id="p0020">We put forward a re-formulation of the One World One Health programme.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item id="u0025">
<label></label>
<p id="p0025">We show the use of qualitative methodologies for the sociotechnical analysis of epidemics.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group id="kwrds0010">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>One World One Health</kwd>
<kwd>A (H1N1) influenza</kwd>
<kwd>Global scale</kwd>
<kwd>Socio-technical operators</kwd>
<kwd>Panorama</kwd>
<kwd>Actor-Network Theory</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<name sortKey="G Mez, Andres" sort="G Mez, Andres" uniqKey="G Mez A" first="Andrés" last="G Mez">Andrés G Mez</name>
<name sortKey="Rocamora, Ver Nica" sort="Rocamora, Ver Nica" uniqKey="Rocamora V" first="Ver Nica" last="Rocamora">Ver Nica Rocamora</name>
<name sortKey="Tirado, Francisco" sort="Tirado, Francisco" uniqKey="Tirado F" first="Francisco" last="Tirado">Francisco Tirado</name>
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Data generation: Tue Apr 28 14:49:16 2020. Site generation: Sat Mar 27 22:06:49 2021