Pyridine n-oxide derivatives are inhibitory to the human SARS and feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus in cell culture
Identifieur interne : 000440 ( PascalFrancis/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000439; suivant : 000441Pyridine n-oxide derivatives are inhibitory to the human SARS and feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus in cell culture
Auteurs : Jan Balzarini [Belgique] ; Els Keyaerts [Belgique] ; Leen Vijgen [Belgique] ; Frank Vandermeer [Pays-Bas] ; Miguel Stevens [Belgique] ; Erik De Clercq [Belgique] ; Herman Egberink [Pays-Bas] ; Marc Van Ranst [Belgique]Source :
- Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy : (Print) [ 0305-7453 ] ; 2006.
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- topic : Homme.
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Abstract
Objectives: Evaluation of a wide variety of pyridine N-oxide derivatives on their inhibitory activity against feline coronavirus (FIPV strain) and human SARS-CoV (Frankfurt strain-1) in cell culture. Methods: FIPV and SARS-CoV were exposed to confluent Crandel feline kidney (CRFK) and simian kidney (Vero) cell cultures in the presence of serial concentrations of the test compounds. The anti-cytopathic activity of the pyridine N-oxide derivatives was monitored by spectrophotometric analysis. Results and conclusions: A wide variety of pyridine N-oxide derivatives have been found to be inhibitory against feline coronavirus (FIPV strain) and human SARS-CoV (Frankfurt strain-1) in CRFK and simian kidney (Vero) cell cultures, respectively. The oxide part on the pyridine moiety proved indispensable for anti-coronavirus activity. The potency and virus specificity of the pyridine N-oxide derivatives varied depending the nature and specific location of substituents (i.e. alkyl, halogeno, nitro, etc.) on the different parts of the molecule. The most selective compounds were active in the higher microgram per litre range, being non-toxic at 50-100 mg/L. There was a poor structure-antiviral activity relationship (SAR) for the pyridine N-oxide derivatives against Fe-CoV and SARS-CoV. One of the most active and selective compounds was shown to inhibit Fe-CoV replication at the transcriptional level.
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Leuven</s1><s2>Leuven</s2><s3>BEL</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Belgique</country><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandermeer, Frank" sort="Vandermeer, Frank" uniqKey="Vandermeer F" first="Frank" last="Vandermeer">Frank Vandermeer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University</s1><s2>Utrecht</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stevens, Miguel" sort="Stevens, Miguel" uniqKey="Stevens M" first="Miguel" last="Stevens">Miguel Stevens</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven</s1><s2>Leuven</s2><s3>BEL</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Belgique</country><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Clercq, Erik" sort="De Clercq, Erik" uniqKey="De Clercq E" first="Erik" last="De Clercq">Erik De Clercq</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven</s1><s2>Leuven</s2><s3>BEL</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Belgique</country><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Egberink, Herman" sort="Egberink, Herman" uniqKey="Egberink H" first="Herman" last="Egberink">Herman Egberink</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University</s1><s2>Utrecht</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Ranst, Marc" sort="Van Ranst, Marc" uniqKey="Van Ranst M" first="Marc" last="Van Ranst">Marc Van Ranst</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven</s1><s2>Leuven</s2><s3>BEL</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Belgique</country><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">06-0221426</idno><date when="2006">2006</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 06-0221426 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:06-0221426</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000506</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000484</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000440</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000440</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Pyridine n-oxide derivatives are inhibitory to the human SARS and feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus in cell culture</title><author><name sortKey="Balzarini, Jan" sort="Balzarini, Jan" uniqKey="Balzarini J" first="Jan" last="Balzarini">Jan Balzarini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven</s1><s2>Leuven</s2><s3>BEL</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Belgique</country><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keyaerts, Els" sort="Keyaerts, Els" uniqKey="Keyaerts E" first="Els" last="Keyaerts">Els Keyaerts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven</s1><s2>Leuven</s2><s3>BEL</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Belgique</country><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vijgen, Leen" sort="Vijgen, Leen" uniqKey="Vijgen L" first="Leen" last="Vijgen">Leen Vijgen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven</s1><s2>Leuven</s2><s3>BEL</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Belgique</country><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandermeer, Frank" sort="Vandermeer, Frank" uniqKey="Vandermeer F" first="Frank" last="Vandermeer">Frank Vandermeer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University</s1><s2>Utrecht</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stevens, Miguel" sort="Stevens, Miguel" uniqKey="Stevens M" first="Miguel" last="Stevens">Miguel Stevens</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven</s1><s2>Leuven</s2><s3>BEL</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Belgique</country><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Clercq, Erik" sort="De Clercq, Erik" uniqKey="De Clercq E" first="Erik" last="De Clercq">Erik De Clercq</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven</s1><s2>Leuven</s2><s3>BEL</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Belgique</country><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Egberink, Herman" sort="Egberink, Herman" uniqKey="Egberink H" first="Herman" last="Egberink">Herman Egberink</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University</s1><s2>Utrecht</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Ranst, Marc" sort="Van Ranst, Marc" uniqKey="Van Ranst M" first="Marc" last="Van Ranst">Marc Van Ranst</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven</s1><s2>Leuven</s2><s3>BEL</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Belgique</country><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy : (Print)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. antimicrob. chemother. : (Print)</title><idno type="ISSN">0305-7453</idno><imprint><date when="2006">2006</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy : (Print)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. antimicrob. chemother. : (Print)</title><idno type="ISSN">0305-7453</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Cell culture</term><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Feline infectious peritonitis</term><term>Human</term><term>In vitro</term><term>Pyridine derivatives</term><term>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Pyridine dérivé</term><term>Homme</term><term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</term><term>Péritonite infectieuse féline</term><term>Coronavirus</term><term>In vitro</term><term>Culture cellulaire</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Homme</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Objectives: Evaluation of a wide variety of pyridine N-oxide derivatives on their inhibitory activity against feline coronavirus (FIPV strain) and human SARS-CoV (Frankfurt strain-1) in cell culture. Methods: FIPV and SARS-CoV were exposed to confluent Crandel feline kidney (CRFK) and simian kidney (Vero) cell cultures in the presence of serial concentrations of the test compounds. The anti-cytopathic activity of the pyridine N-oxide derivatives was monitored by spectrophotometric analysis. Results and conclusions: A wide variety of pyridine N-oxide derivatives have been found to be inhibitory against feline coronavirus (FIPV strain) and human SARS-CoV (Frankfurt strain-1) in CRFK and simian kidney (Vero) cell cultures, respectively. The oxide part on the pyridine moiety proved indispensable for anti-coronavirus activity. The potency and virus specificity of the pyridine N-oxide derivatives varied depending the nature and specific location of substituents (i.e. alkyl, halogeno, nitro, etc.) on the different parts of the molecule. The most selective compounds were active in the higher microgram per litre range, being non-toxic at 50-100 mg/L. There was a poor structure-antiviral activity relationship (SAR) for the pyridine N-oxide derivatives against Fe-CoV and SARS-CoV. One of the most active and selective compounds was shown to inhibit Fe-CoV replication at the transcriptional level.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0305-7453</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>JACHDX</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>J. antimicrob. chemother. : (Print)</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>57</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>3</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Pyridine n-oxide derivatives are inhibitory to the human SARS and feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus in cell culture</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>BALZARINI (Jan)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>KEYAERTS (Els)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>VIJGEN (Leen)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>VANDERMEER (Frank)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>STEVENS (Miguel)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>DE CLERCQ (Erik)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>EGBERINK (Herman)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>VAN RANST (Marc)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven</s1><s2>Leuven</s2><s3>BEL</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University</s1><s2>Utrecht</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>472-481</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2006</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>17084</s2><s5>354000132490250110</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2006 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>21 ref.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>06-0221426</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy : (Print)</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>GBR</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Objectives: Evaluation of a wide variety of pyridine N-oxide derivatives on their inhibitory activity against feline coronavirus (FIPV strain) and human SARS-CoV (Frankfurt strain-1) in cell culture. Methods: FIPV and SARS-CoV were exposed to confluent Crandel feline kidney (CRFK) and simian kidney (Vero) cell cultures in the presence of serial concentrations of the test compounds. The anti-cytopathic activity of the pyridine N-oxide derivatives was monitored by spectrophotometric analysis. Results and conclusions: A wide variety of pyridine N-oxide derivatives have been found to be inhibitory against feline coronavirus (FIPV strain) and human SARS-CoV (Frankfurt strain-1) in CRFK and simian kidney (Vero) cell cultures, respectively. The oxide part on the pyridine moiety proved indispensable for anti-coronavirus activity. The potency and virus specificity of the pyridine N-oxide derivatives varied depending the nature and specific location of substituents (i.e. alkyl, halogeno, nitro, etc.) on the different parts of the molecule. The most selective compounds were active in the higher microgram per litre range, being non-toxic at 50-100 mg/L. There was a poor structure-antiviral activity relationship (SAR) for the pyridine N-oxide derivatives against Fe-CoV and SARS-CoV. One of the most active and selective compounds was shown to inhibit Fe-CoV replication at the transcriptional level.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002B02S</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pyridine dérivé</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Pyridine derivatives</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Piridina derivado</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Homme</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Human</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hombre</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</s0><s2>NM</s2><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</s0><s2>NM</s2><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Síndrome respiratorio agudo severo</s0><s2>NM</s2><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Péritonite infectieuse féline</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Feline infectious peritonitis</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Peritonitis infecciosa felina</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Coronavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Coronavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Coronavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>In vitro</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>In vitro</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>In vitro</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Culture cellulaire</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Cell culture</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Cultivo celular</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virose</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Viral disease</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virosis</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Infection</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Infection</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Infección</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Coronaviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Coronaviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Coronaviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Nidovirales</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nidovirales</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nidovirales</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Appareil respiratoire pathologie</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Respiratory disease</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Aparato respiratorio patología</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Poumon pathologie</s0><s5>38</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Lung disease</s0><s5>38</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Pulmón patología</s0><s5>38</s5></fC07><fN21><s1>142</s1></fN21></pA></standard></inist><affiliations><list><country><li>Belgique</li><li>Pays-Bas</li></country><region><li>Utrecht (province)</li></region><settlement><li>Utrecht</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Utrecht</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Belgique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Balzarini, Jan" sort="Balzarini, Jan" uniqKey="Balzarini J" first="Jan" last="Balzarini">Jan Balzarini</name></noRegion><name sortKey="De Clercq, Erik" sort="De Clercq, Erik" uniqKey="De Clercq E" first="Erik" last="De Clercq">Erik De Clercq</name><name sortKey="Keyaerts, Els" sort="Keyaerts, Els" uniqKey="Keyaerts E" first="Els" last="Keyaerts">Els Keyaerts</name><name sortKey="Stevens, Miguel" sort="Stevens, Miguel" uniqKey="Stevens M" first="Miguel" last="Stevens">Miguel Stevens</name><name sortKey="Van Ranst, Marc" sort="Van Ranst, Marc" uniqKey="Van Ranst M" first="Marc" last="Van Ranst">Marc Van Ranst</name><name sortKey="Vijgen, Leen" sort="Vijgen, Leen" uniqKey="Vijgen L" first="Leen" last="Vijgen">Leen Vijgen</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Utrecht (province)"><name sortKey="Vandermeer, Frank" sort="Vandermeer, Frank" uniqKey="Vandermeer F" first="Frank" last="Vandermeer">Frank Vandermeer</name></region><name sortKey="Egberink, Herman" sort="Egberink, Herman" uniqKey="Egberink H" first="Herman" last="Egberink">Herman Egberink</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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