SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor.
Identifieur interne : 003311 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 003310; suivant : 003312SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor.
Auteurs : Markus Hoffmann [Allemagne] ; Hannah Kleine-Weber [Allemagne] ; Simon Schroeder [Allemagne] ; Nadine Krüger [Allemagne] ; Tanja Herrler [Allemagne] ; Sandra Erichsen [Autriche] ; Tobias S. Schiergens [Allemagne] ; Georg Herrler [Allemagne] ; Nai-Huei Wu [Allemagne] ; Andreas Nitsche [Allemagne] ; Marcel A. Müller [Russie] ; Christian Drosten [Allemagne] ; Stefan Pöhlmann [Allemagne]Source :
- Cell [ 1097-4172 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
The recent emergence of the novel, pathogenic SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China and its rapid national and international spread pose a global health emergency. Cell entry of coronaviruses depends on binding of the viral spike (S) proteins to cellular receptors and on S protein priming by host cell proteases. Unravelling which cellular factors are used by SARS-CoV-2 for entry might provide insights into viral transmission and reveal therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. A TMPRSS2 inhibitor approved for clinical use blocked entry and might constitute a treatment option. Finally, we show that the sera from convalescent SARS patients cross-neutralized SARS-2-S-driven entry. Our results reveal important commonalities between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection and identify a potential target for antiviral intervention.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
PubMed: 32142651
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Schiergens</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Biobank of the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Biobank of the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrler, Georg" sort="Herrler, Georg" uniqKey="Herrler G" first="Georg" last="Herrler">Georg Herrler</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region><settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Nai Huei" sort="Wu, Nai Huei" uniqKey="Wu N" first="Nai-Huei" last="Wu">Nai-Huei Wu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region><settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nitsche, Andreas" sort="Nitsche, Andreas" uniqKey="Nitsche A" first="Andreas" last="Nitsche">Andreas Nitsche</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Robert Koch Institute, ZBS 1 Highly Pathogenic Viruses, WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Robert Koch Institute, ZBS 1 Highly Pathogenic Viruses, WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Marcel A" sort="Muller, Marcel A" uniqKey="Muller M" first="Marcel A" last="Müller">Marcel A. 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Electronic address: mhoffmann@dpz.eu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region><settlement type="city">Göttingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleine Weber, Hannah" sort="Kleine Weber, Hannah" uniqKey="Kleine Weber H" first="Hannah" last="Kleine-Weber">Hannah Kleine-Weber</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, Göttingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region><settlement type="city">Göttingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schroeder, Simon" sort="Schroeder, Simon" uniqKey="Schroeder S" first="Simon" last="Schroeder">Simon Schroeder</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kruger, Nadine" sort="Kruger, Nadine" uniqKey="Kruger N" first="Nadine" last="Krüger">Nadine Krüger</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region><settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrler, Tanja" sort="Herrler, Tanja" uniqKey="Herrler T" first="Tanja" last="Herrler">Tanja Herrler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Murnau</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Murnau</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Murnau</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erichsen, Sandra" sort="Erichsen, Sandra" uniqKey="Erichsen S" first="Sandra" last="Erichsen">Sandra Erichsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Biomechanics, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau, Germany; Institute for Biomechanics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Biomechanics, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau, Germany; Institute for Biomechanics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Salzburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schiergens, Tobias S" sort="Schiergens, Tobias S" uniqKey="Schiergens T" first="Tobias S" last="Schiergens">Tobias S. Schiergens</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Biobank of the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Biobank of the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrler, Georg" sort="Herrler, Georg" uniqKey="Herrler G" first="Georg" last="Herrler">Georg Herrler</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region><settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Nai Huei" sort="Wu, Nai Huei" uniqKey="Wu N" first="Nai-Huei" last="Wu">Nai-Huei Wu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region><settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nitsche, Andreas" sort="Nitsche, Andreas" uniqKey="Nitsche A" first="Andreas" last="Nitsche">Andreas Nitsche</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Robert Koch Institute, ZBS 1 Highly Pathogenic Viruses, WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Robert Koch Institute, ZBS 1 Highly Pathogenic Viruses, WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Marcel A" sort="Muller, Marcel A" uniqKey="Muller M" first="Marcel A" last="Müller">Marcel A. Müller</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany; Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany; Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement><region>District fédéral central</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pohlmann, Stefan" sort="Pohlmann, Stefan" uniqKey="Pohlmann S" first="Stefan" last="Pöhlmann">Stefan Pöhlmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. Electronic address: spoehlmann@dpz.eu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, Göttingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region><settlement type="city">Göttingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Cell</title><idno type="eISSN">1097-4172</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The recent emergence of the novel, pathogenic SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China and its rapid national and international spread pose a global health emergency. Cell entry of coronaviruses depends on binding of the viral spike (S) proteins to cellular receptors and on S protein priming by host cell proteases. Unravelling which cellular factors are used by SARS-CoV-2 for entry might provide insights into viral transmission and reveal therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. A TMPRSS2 inhibitor approved for clinical use blocked entry and might constitute a treatment option. Finally, we show that the sera from convalescent SARS patients cross-neutralized SARS-2-S-driven entry. Our results reveal important commonalities between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection and identify a potential target for antiviral intervention.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Data-Review" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32142651</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1097-4172</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>181</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Apr</Month><Day>16</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Cell</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Cell</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>271-280.e8</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0092-8674(20)30229-4</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The recent emergence of the novel, pathogenic SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China and its rapid national and international spread pose a global health emergency. Cell entry of coronaviruses depends on binding of the viral spike (S) proteins to cellular receptors and on S protein priming by host cell proteases. Unravelling which cellular factors are used by SARS-CoV-2 for entry might provide insights into viral transmission and reveal therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. A TMPRSS2 inhibitor approved for clinical use blocked entry and might constitute a treatment option. Finally, we show that the sera from convalescent SARS patients cross-neutralized SARS-2-S-driven entry. Our results reveal important commonalities between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection and identify a potential target for antiviral intervention.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hoffmann</LastName><ForeName>Markus</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany. Electronic address: mhoffmann@dpz.eu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kleine-Weber</LastName><ForeName>Hannah</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schroeder</LastName><ForeName>Simon</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krüger</LastName><ForeName>Nadine</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Herrler</LastName><ForeName>Tanja</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Erichsen</LastName><ForeName>Sandra</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Biomechanics, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau, Germany; Institute for Biomechanics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schiergens</LastName><ForeName>Tobias S</ForeName><Initials>TS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biobank of the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Herrler</LastName><ForeName>Georg</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wu</LastName><ForeName>Nai-Huei</ForeName><Initials>NH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nitsche</LastName><ForeName>Andreas</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Robert Koch Institute, ZBS 1 Highly Pathogenic Viruses, WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Müller</LastName><ForeName>Marcel A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany; Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drosten</LastName><ForeName>Christian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pöhlmann</LastName><ForeName>Stefan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. Electronic address: spoehlmann@dpz.eu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>05</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Cell</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0413066</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0092-8674</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">ACE2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">TMPRSS2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">coronavirus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">entry</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">neutralization</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">priming</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">spike</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of Interests The authors declare no competing interests.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>06</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>13</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32142651</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0092-8674(20)30229-4</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7102627</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Autriche</li><li>Russie</li></country><region><li>Basse-Saxe</li><li>Bavière</li><li>Berlin</li><li>District de Haute-Bavière</li><li>District fédéral central</li></region><settlement><li>Berlin</li><li>Göttingen</li><li>Hanovre</li><li>Moscou</li><li>Munich</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Basse-Saxe"><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Markus" sort="Hoffmann, Markus" uniqKey="Hoffmann M" first="Markus" last="Hoffmann">Markus Hoffmann</name></region><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name><name sortKey="Herrler, Georg" sort="Herrler, Georg" uniqKey="Herrler G" first="Georg" last="Herrler">Georg Herrler</name><name sortKey="Herrler, Tanja" sort="Herrler, Tanja" uniqKey="Herrler T" first="Tanja" last="Herrler">Tanja Herrler</name><name sortKey="Kleine Weber, Hannah" sort="Kleine Weber, Hannah" uniqKey="Kleine Weber H" first="Hannah" last="Kleine-Weber">Hannah Kleine-Weber</name><name sortKey="Kruger, Nadine" sort="Kruger, Nadine" uniqKey="Kruger N" first="Nadine" last="Krüger">Nadine Krüger</name><name sortKey="Nitsche, Andreas" sort="Nitsche, Andreas" uniqKey="Nitsche A" first="Andreas" last="Nitsche">Andreas Nitsche</name><name sortKey="Pohlmann, Stefan" sort="Pohlmann, Stefan" uniqKey="Pohlmann S" first="Stefan" last="Pöhlmann">Stefan Pöhlmann</name><name sortKey="Schiergens, Tobias S" sort="Schiergens, Tobias S" uniqKey="Schiergens T" first="Tobias S" last="Schiergens">Tobias S. Schiergens</name><name sortKey="Schroeder, Simon" sort="Schroeder, Simon" uniqKey="Schroeder S" first="Simon" last="Schroeder">Simon Schroeder</name><name sortKey="Wu, Nai Huei" sort="Wu, Nai Huei" uniqKey="Wu N" first="Nai-Huei" last="Wu">Nai-Huei Wu</name></country><country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Erichsen, Sandra" sort="Erichsen, Sandra" uniqKey="Erichsen S" first="Sandra" last="Erichsen">Sandra Erichsen</name></noRegion></country><country name="Russie"><region name="District fédéral central"><name sortKey="Muller, Marcel A" sort="Muller, Marcel A" uniqKey="Muller M" first="Marcel A" last="Müller">Marcel A. Müller</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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