Intelligence and global health: assessing the role of open source and social media intelligence analysis in infectious disease outbreaks
Identifieur interne : 002F77 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 002F76; suivant : 002F78Intelligence and global health: assessing the role of open source and social media intelligence analysis in infectious disease outbreaks
Auteurs : Rose Bernard [Royaume-Uni] ; G. Bowsher [Royaume-Uni] ; C. Milner [Royaume-Uni] ; P. Boyle [France] ; P. Patel [Royaume-Uni] ; R. Sullivan [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Zeitschrift Fur Gesundheitswissenschaften [ 2198-1833 ] ; 2018.
Abstract
Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) from the clandestine intelligence sector are being increasingly employed in infectious disease outbreaks. The purpose of this article is to explore how such tools might be employed in the detection, reporting, and control of outbreaks designated as a ‘threat’ by the global community. It is also intended to analyse previous use of such tools during the Ebola and SARS epidemics and to discuss key questions regarding the ethics and legality of initiatives that further blur the military and humanitarian spaces.
We undertake qualitative analysis of current discussions on OSINT and SIGINT and their intersection with global health. We also review current literature and describe the debates. We built on quantitative and qualitative research done into current health collection capabilities.
This article presents an argument for the use of OSINT in the detection of infectious disease outbreaks and how this might occur.
We conclude that there is a place for OSINT and SIGINT in the detection and reporting of outbreaks. However, such tools are not sufficient on their own and must be corroborated for the intelligence to be relevant and actionable. Finally, we conclude that further discussion on key ethical issues needs to take place before such research can continue. In particular, this involves questions of jurisdiction, data ownership, and ethical considerations.
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DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-0899-3
PubMed: 30294522
PubMed Central: 6153980
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Bowsher</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2322 6764</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.13097.3c</institution-id><institution>Conflict and Health Research Group,</institution><institution>King’s College London,</institution></institution-wrap>London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milner, C" sort="Milner, C" uniqKey="Milner C" first="C." last="Milner">C. 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Patel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2322 6764</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.13097.3c</institution-id><institution>Department of War Studies,</institution><institution>King’s College London,</institution></institution-wrap>London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sullivan, R" sort="Sullivan, R" uniqKey="Sullivan R" first="R." last="Sullivan">R. Sullivan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2322 6764</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.13097.3c</institution-id><institution>Conflict and Health Research Group,</institution><institution>King’s College London,</institution></institution-wrap>London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Zeitschrift Fur Gesundheitswissenschaften</title><idno type="ISSN">2198-1833</idno><idno type="eISSN">1613-2238</idno><imprint><date when="2018">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p id="Par1">Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) from the clandestine intelligence sector are being increasingly employed in infectious disease outbreaks. The purpose of this article is to explore how such tools might be employed in the detection, reporting, and control of outbreaks designated as a ‘threat’ by the global community. It is also intended to analyse previous use of such tools during the Ebola and SARS epidemics and to discuss key questions regarding the ethics and legality of initiatives that further blur the military and humanitarian spaces.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p id="Par2">We undertake qualitative analysis of current discussions on OSINT and SIGINT and their intersection with global health. We also review current literature and describe the debates. We built on quantitative and qualitative research done into current health collection capabilities.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p id="Par3">This article presents an argument for the use of OSINT in the detection of infectious disease outbreaks and how this might occur.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p id="Par4">We conclude that there is a place for OSINT and SIGINT in the detection and reporting of outbreaks. However, such tools are not sufficient on their own and must be corroborated for the intelligence to be relevant and actionable. Finally, we conclude that further discussion on key ethical issues needs to take place before such research can continue. In particular, this involves questions of jurisdiction, data ownership, and ethical considerations.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aid, M" uniqKey="Aid M">M Aid</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barboza, P" uniqKey="Barboza P">P Barboza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vaillant, L" uniqKey="Vaillant L">L Vaillant</name></author><author><name sortKey="Le Strat, Y" uniqKey="Le Strat Y">Y Le Strat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hartley, D" uniqKey="Hartley D">D Hartley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, N" uniqKey="Nelson N">N Nelson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madudeku, A" uniqKey="Madudeku A">A Madudeku</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madoff, L" uniqKey="Madoff L">L Madoff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Linge, J" uniqKey="Linge J">J Linge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Collier, N" uniqKey="Collier N">N 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Z Gesundh Wiss</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Z Gesundh Wiss</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Zeitschrift Fur Gesundheitswissenschaften</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2198-1833</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1613-2238</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Berlin/Heidelberg</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">30294522</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6153980</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">899</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10389-018-0899-3</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Intelligence and global health: assessing the role of open source and social media intelligence analysis in infectious disease outbreaks</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2395-5371</contrib-id><name><surname>Bernard</surname><given-names>Rose</given-names></name><address><email>Rose.Bernard@kcl.ac.uk</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bowsher</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Milner</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boyle</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Patel</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sullivan</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2322 6764</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.13097.3c</institution-id><institution>Conflict and Health Research Group,</institution><institution>King’s College London,</institution></institution-wrap>London, UK</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>King’s Centre for Global Health, Suite 2.13 Weston Education Centre, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ UK</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.419381.6</institution-id><institution>International Prevention Research Institute,</institution></institution-wrap>Lyon, France</aff><aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2322 6764</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.13097.3c</institution-id><institution>Department of War Studies,</institution><institution>King’s College London,</institution></institution-wrap>London, UK</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>2</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>10</day><month>2</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>509</fpage><lpage>514</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>18</day><month>1</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2018</copyright-statement><license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold> This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p id="Par1">Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) from the clandestine intelligence sector are being increasingly employed in infectious disease outbreaks. The purpose of this article is to explore how such tools might be employed in the detection, reporting, and control of outbreaks designated as a ‘threat’ by the global community. It is also intended to analyse previous use of such tools during the Ebola and SARS epidemics and to discuss key questions regarding the ethics and legality of initiatives that further blur the military and humanitarian spaces.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p id="Par2">We undertake qualitative analysis of current discussions on OSINT and SIGINT and their intersection with global health. We also review current literature and describe the debates. We built on quantitative and qualitative research done into current health collection capabilities.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p id="Par3">This article presents an argument for the use of OSINT in the detection of infectious disease outbreaks and how this might occur.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p id="Par4">We conclude that there is a place for OSINT and SIGINT in the detection and reporting of outbreaks. However, such tools are not sufficient on their own and must be corroborated for the intelligence to be relevant and actionable. Finally, we conclude that further discussion on key ethical issues needs to take place before such research can continue. In particular, this involves questions of jurisdiction, data ownership, and ethical considerations.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Epidemics</kwd><kwd>Intelligence</kwd><kwd>Global health</kwd><kwd>OSINT</kwd><kwd>SIGINT</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution>King's College London</institution></funding-source></award-group></funding-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bernard, Rose" sort="Bernard, Rose" uniqKey="Bernard R" first="Rose" last="Bernard">Rose Bernard</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bowsher, G" sort="Bowsher, G" uniqKey="Bowsher G" first="G." last="Bowsher">G. Bowsher</name><name sortKey="Milner, C" sort="Milner, C" uniqKey="Milner C" first="C." last="Milner">C. Milner</name><name sortKey="Patel, P" sort="Patel, P" uniqKey="Patel P" first="P." last="Patel">P. Patel</name><name sortKey="Sullivan, R" sort="Sullivan, R" uniqKey="Sullivan R" first="R." last="Sullivan">R. Sullivan</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Boyle, P" sort="Boyle, P" uniqKey="Boyle P" first="P." last="Boyle">P. Boyle</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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